Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ACT - Raising Safe Kids Program in different socioeconomic contexts. The sample included 64 mothers of children aged 3-8 years, and 64 other caregivers, divided into three groups according to family socioeconomic level and type of school of the children (C-Public, B-Public and B-Private). The maternal parenting practices and behavior of the children were evaluated pre- and post-intervention with the ACT Program in group. Regardless of the socioeconomic level of the families and the type of school of the children, the ACT Program was effective in improving maternal parenting practices and behavior of the children, according to the perception of the mothers and other caregivers. The findings demonstrate the validity of the ACT Program in Brazilian context for socioeconomic levels B and C and public and private schools.

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la eficacia del Programa ACT Educando a Niños en Ambientes Seguros en distintos contextos socioeconómicos. En la muestra se incluyeron 64 madres de niños de entre 3 y 8 años de edad y otros 64 cuidadores, que se dividieron en 3 grupos conforme al nivel socioeconómico familiar y al tipo de colegio al que acudían los niños (C-Público; B-Público y B-Privado). Se evaluaron las prácticas educativas de las madres y el comportamiento de los hijos pre y postintervención con el Programa ACT en el grupo. Con independencia del nivel socioeconómico familiar y del tipo de colegio de los niños, el Programa ACT fue eficaz y mejoró las prácticas educativas materna y el comportamiento infantil, según la percepción de las madres y los cuidadores. Los hallazgos demuestran la validez del Programa ACT en el contexto brasileño para los niveles socioeconómicos B y C y los colegios públicos y privados.

Background: Liver preneoplasia development in rats can be mimicked by an initiation-promotion model that induces the appearance of altered hepatocyte foci (FAH). Aims: We compare two initiation-promotion models to evaluate the presence of FAH or additional hepatic pathologies in which other organs were affected up to five month post treatment. Material and methods: FAH were induced in male adult Wistar rats with two doses of dietylnitrosamine (DEN, 150 mg/kg bw) followed by 4 doses per week (3 weeks) of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF, 20 mg/kg bw) or with one dose of DEN (200 mg/kg bw) followed by 2 doses per week (3 weeks) of 2-AAF. DEN 150, DEN 200 and control rats (received the vehicle of the drugs) groups were compared. Rats were euthanized immediately after the last dose of 2-AAF, at 3, 4 and 5 months (n = 3 for euthanasia times per group). Samples of livers, lungs, kidneys, pancreatic tissue and small bowel were processed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: FAH persisted for 5 months in all livers of the DEN groups. Three months after withdrawal of 2-AAF, one rat from DEN 150 group developed fibrosis and 5 months after 2-AAF removal another rat from the same group presented a microscopic hyperplastic nodule. Only the lungs had damages compatible with lesions induced by gavage-related reflux in DEN groups. Conclusion: We concluded that up to five month post treatments, FAH persisted in all the livers from DEN groups; livers from DEN 200 group showed no other hepatic lesions besides FAH, and only the lungs suffered pathological alterations in both treated groups.

The present study aimed to review recent literature on universal violence and child maltreatment prevention programs for parents. The following databases were used: Web of Science, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO. The keywords included the following: (Parenting Program or Parent Training or Parent Intervention) and (Maltreatment or Violence or Violence Prevention). For inclusion in this review, the programs had to be structured, working in groups of parents aiming to improve parenting practices. Twenty-three studies were included, and 16 different types of parenting programs were identified. Ninety-one percent of the studies were conducted in developed countries. All the programs focused on the prevention of violence and maltreatment by promoting positive parenting practices. Only seven studies were randomized controlled trials. All studies that evaluated parenting strategies (n = 18), reported after the interventions. The programs also effectively improved child behavior in 90% of the studies that assessed this outcome. In conclusion, parenting educational programs appear to be an important strategy for the universal prevention of violence and maltreatment against children. Future studies should assess the applicability and effectiveness of parenting programs for the prevention of violence against children in developing countries. Further randomized control trials are also required.

El presente artículo pretende revisar la literatura actualizada acerca de los programas universales de educación parental de prevención de la violencia y el maltrato contra los niños. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron Web of Science, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, LILACS y SciELO, con las palabras clave: parenting program or parent training or parent intervention and maltreatment or violence or violence prevention. Los programas eran estructurados, trabajando en grupos de padres para mejorar las prácticas educativas. Se incluyeron 23 estudios. La mayoría se llevó a cabo en los países desarrollados (91%). Se identificaron 16 diferentes programas de promoción de las prácticas educativas para prevenir la violencia y el maltrato infantil. Sólo siete estudios eran ensayos controlados aleatorios. Todos los estudios que evaluaron las prácticas educativas demostraron una mejoría después de la intervención (n = 18). Los programas demostraron una mejora en el comportamiento de los niños en el 90% de los estudios que evaluaron este resultado. En conclusión, los programas educativos para padres demostraron ser una estrategia importante para la prevención universal de la violencia y el maltrato infantil. Se enfatiza la importancia de la implementación y evaluación de programas de educación parental en los países en desarrollo y más ensayos controlados aleatorios.

Foram analisadas amostras de água de irrigação e vegetais de hortas de Campinas, SP. A análise bacteriana condenou 22,3% das hortaliças e o exame parasitológico condenou 14,5%. O critério estabelecido pela legislação brasileira condenou 11,8% das amostras de água de irrigação. A contaminação de hortaliças por parasitas foi significantemente mais freqüente na estação chuvosa, enquanto o excesso de coliformes fecais foi mais freqüente na estação seca. O monitoramento adequado da água de irrigação é importante para evitar a contaminação de vegetais.

We examined samples of irrigation water and vegetables from kitchen gardens in Campinas, Brazil. The bacterial analysis condemned 22.3% of the vegetable samples, and the parasitological examination condemned 14.5%. The criteria established by the Brazilian legislation condemned 11.8% of the irrigation water samples. Parasites were significantly more frequent in vegetables in the rainy season, while excessive fecal coliforms were more frequent in the dry season. A proper monitoring of the irrigation water supply is important to avoid the contamination of vegetables.

Foram estudadas um total de 73 cepas (57 de E. cloacae e 16 E. agglomerans), isoladas durante um surto de bacteriemia ocorrido na região de Campinas, S. Paulo. Entre estas cepas, 61 foram isoladas de solução de nutrição parenteral, 9 de sangue, 2 de bolsa fechada de solução de nutrição parenteral e uma era de origem desconhecida. Entre as 57 cepas de E. cloacae, a maioria das cepas foram do biotipo 26/sorotipo O3 (39 cepas) e do biotipo 26/OR (13). Entre as 39 cepas de E. cloacae ribotipadas, 87,2% apresentaram o mesmo padrão de bandas com EcoRI e BamHI. Cepas de E. cloacae pertencentes ao mesmo biotipo, sorotipo e ribotipo não apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação ao padrão de sensibilidade aos agentes antimicrobianos. Todas as cepas de E. agglomerans, independente da origem, pertenciam ao mesmo ribotipo após a clivagem com EcoRI e BamHI. Os resultados obtidos sugerem uma contaminação intrínseca das soluções de nutrição parenteral, incriminando-as como o veículo de transmissão dos agentes etiológicos do surto.

A total of 73 isolates (57 Enterobacter cloacae and 16 Enterobacter agglomerans), recovered during an outbreak of bacteremia in the Campinas area, São Paulo, Brazil, were studied. Of these isolates, 61 were from parenteral nutrition solutions, 9 from blood cultures, 2 from a sealed bottle of parenteral nutrition solution, and one was of unknown origin. Of the 57 E. cloacae isolates, 54 were biotype 26, two were biotype 66 and one was non-typable. Of 39 E. cloacae isolates submitted to ribotyping, 87.2% showed the same banding pattern after cleavage with EcoRI and BamHI. No important differences were observed in the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among E. cloacae isolates exhibiting the same biotype, serotype and ribotype. All E. agglomerans isolates, irrespective of their origin, showed same patterns when cleaved with EcoRI and BamHI. The results of this investigation suggest an intrinsic contamination of parenteral nutrition solutions and incriminate these products as a vehicle of infection in this outbreak.