As plantas de Uncaria guianensis e U. tomentosa são lianas trepadeiras, arbustos trepadores ou rasteiros ascendentes que ocorrem em amplas áreas da Amazônia brasileira e países da América Central e do Sul. Possuem excepcional importância medicinal, com sua casca, lenho e folhas utilizadas pelos povos amazônicos e pela indústria farmacêutica. Face a necessidade da identificação das plantas em condições de campo e de laboratório, o presente trabalho descreveu a estrutura anatômica do lenho de Uncaria guianensis e U. tomentosa, ocorrentes no Estado do Acre, Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que o lenho das espécies é característico da família Rubiaceae, a exceção dos vasos arredondados, grandes e solitários, parenquima axial difuso e largura dos raios que são próprios das lianas.

Uncaria guianensis and U. tomentosa are climbing lianas, bush lianas occuring in large areas of Brazilian Amazon and Central and South America countries. The species presented exceptional medicinal importance, with its bark, wood and leaves used by Amazon native people and pharmaceutical industries. Considering the importance of the species identification in field and laboratory conditions, the present work described the anatomical structure of Uncaria guianensis and U. tomentosa, which occurs in State of Acre, Brazil. The results showed that the wood of the species was characteristic of the Rubiaceae family, except the rounded vessel, greater and solitary, parenchyma axial diffuse and width of the rays, proper of lianas.

Conservation status of 104 species of traditional use from the Province of Canta, Lima were determined. This study was performed during 2003, 2004 and 2005, following the CDC ( 1991 ) and UICN ( 1998 & 2002 ) methodologies modified according to the requirements of the region and national conditions of Peru. The variables taken into consideration were: geographic distribution, abundance, antiquity of collections, location in exposed areas, extrativism, endemism, confinement; presence in conservation and protection units in situ. The results show that 22 species ( 21,2 % ) are endemic for Peru and one is endemic for Canta. The following was also found: 35 are threatened species ( 33.7% ) of which 24 species ( 23.1% ) are in critical danger ( CR ), 4 species in danger ( IN ) ( 3.9% ) and 7 species are in vulnerable condition ( VU ) ( 6.7% ) 43 species are almost threatened ( NT ) ( 41.5% ) and 25 species are common and abundant ( LC ) ( 24.0% ).

Se determinó el status de conservación de 104 especies de uso tradicional de la provincia de Canta-Lima. El estudio se desarrollo en los años de 2003, 2004 y 2005, siguiendo la metodología del CDC ( 1991 ) y UICN ( 1998 & 2002 ) modificadas para las condiciones de la región y del Perú. Las variables tomadas en consideración fueron: distribución geográfica, abundancia, antigüedad de colecciones, localización en áreas expuestas extrativismo, endemismo, confinamiento, presencia en unidades de conservación y protección in situ. Los resultados muestran que 22 especies ( 21.2 % ) son endémicas para el Perú y una especie endémica para Canta. Asimismo, se encontró 35 especies ( 33.7% ) bajo amenaza: de los cuales 24 especies ( 23.1% ) están en peligro crítico ( CR ), peligro ( EN ) 4 especies ( 3.9% ) y vulnerable ( VU ) 7 especies ( 6.7% ) casi amenazadas ( NT ) 43 especies ( 41.5% ) y comunes y abundantes ( LC ) 25 especies ( 24.0% ).