Abstract Soybean is the main oilseed crop in the world, and one of the main challenges for its production is the Anticarsia gemmatalis management, especially in agroecological production systems. In this study, it was analyzed the impact of dynamized solutions applied to soybean plants and pro-vided as food to A. gemmatalis on insect biology. Solutions tested include: Calcarea carbonica 4CH, Carbo vegetabilis 12CH, Staphysagria 4CH, A. gemmatalis nosode 12CH, Soybean nosode 4CH, and control of distilled water. Biological characteristics analyzed include: weight of caterpillars at the beginning and end of the 4th instar, dry weight of pupa, caterpillar length at 4th instar, duration of cycle, emergence of adults, fecundity of females, and ingestion, ingested food conversion efficiency, and efficiency of digested food conversion. At the beginning and at the end of the 4th instar, caterpillars fed soybean leaves treated with homeopathic substances showed reduced body weight relative to the distilled water control. The dynamized solutions tested are promising as an efficient alternative method for the control of A. gemmatalis, promoting lower conversion of food into biological efficiency and biomass.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to develop a Fuzzy Rule-Based System (FRBS) for the mathematically modeling of the irrigation level effect on beet cultivars ( Beta vulgaris L.). From an agronomic experiment carried out in a protected environment (greenhouse), it was defined as input variables, for each cultivar, the irrigation levels (depths of 25, 40, 55, 70, 85, and 100% of ETc), in which ETc is the crop evapotranspiration [mm d−1], while the output variables were productivity, root diameter, and plant height. Was adopted the inference method of Mamdani and centroid method for fuzzification. The fuzzy models performed better than polynomial regression models, when compared with the coefficients of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE). In addition, the excellent performance of the model is highlighted due to the curve containing all the points of the treatments means. As agronomic results, concluded that the Early Wonder cultivar has higher yields when submitted to water deficit.

Abstract Agribusiness is the most prominent sector in the Brazilian economy, contributing over the last few years with about 30% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and being responsible for more than 40% of the products exported by the country. During this period, several economic development programs in Brazil were created by the federal government, contemplating the agricultural sector to increase productivity in the field, with actions and intensification of the use of fertilizers, pesticides, creation of agricultural research institutes, training of agronomists, and veterinarians, in addition to facilitating access to credit for rural producers. In this sense, the biotechnology sector great significant greatly influenced the expansion of agricultural production, increasing field efficiency and agricultural production productivity. The objective of this work was to analyze the number of patents in the agribusiness sector to technological development in the biotechnology sector between 1978 and 2018, with data from the Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). There is a growing number of patents over the period, as well as an increase in the number of undergraduate and graduate courses in the field of biotechnology in the country since the sector is considered strategic as a source of innovation in science and technology, supporting the country's development, structuring itself to sustain economic growth, with research, science, technology, and innovation.

A evasão é um tema de interesse mundial na área da educação, contudo o entendimento atual sobre o fenômeno é ainda insuficiente, sobretudo quando o objetivo é avaliar políticas efetivas de evasão. Neste artigo o percentual anual de evasão da Unesp é avaliado com base na adoção da política de reserva de vagas. Existem três possibilidades de ingresso - sistema universal (SU), quota por ter estudado em escola pública (EP) e quota por ser PPI (pretos, pardos, indígenas). Os dados foram segmentados por curso e ano de ingresso. A Unesp tem campus em 24 cidades, que reúnem 34 unidades e abrigam 136 diferentes cursos de Graduação. O ingresso para estes cursos é realizado por meio de vestibular com 186 diferentes opções em 63 carreiras. Uma comparação das taxas de evasão permite observar que elas podem depender do modo de ingresso, mas isso ocorre de forma variada ao longo do tempo e depende da área do curso, não sendo significativo. Verificou-se um decréscimo consistente da taxa de evasão global e por categoria de ingresso.

Student dropout is a topic of worldwide interest in the field of education research; however, current understanding of the phenomenon remains insufficient, particularly when the objective is to evaluate effective retention policies. The annual dropout rate at UNESP was evaluated based on the admission selection policy. There are three admission categories: the universal exam system; a selection quota for students who studied in public schools; and a selection quota for students who are Black, Brown or Indigenous. The data was classified by course and admittance year. UNESP has campuses in 24 towns, divided into 34 campuses that provide 136 different undergraduate courses. Admission to these courses is conducted by an entrance exam with 186 different options in 63 careers. A comparison of dropout rates shows that these may depend on the admission category, but it varies over time and depends on the course subject. The data also reveal a consistent decrease in the annual dropout rates, according to the admission category.

Abstract The post-harvest resting of the fruits can improve seed physiological quality ,once it allows the seed to complete the maturation process, so it has been a common practice in vegetable seed companies, however, there are a few studies of this technique in sweet pepper. The objective of this research was to evaluate physiological quality, and biochemical response of sweet’s peppers in regarding on the stage of maturation and the post-harvest rest of the fruits. The experimental was conducted in a 4x2 factorial, being the first factor comprised four maturation stages (35, 50, 65 and 80 days after anthesis) and, the second the post-harvest management of fruits, with and without a temporary storage of seven days. Seeds were evaluated for water content, weight of thousand seeds, germination, vigor, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities, lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide content. Fruit harvest time indicated is 80 days after anthesis (fruits 100% yellow) when seeds showed maximum germination and vigor. The post-harvest resting of the fruits was beneficial to seed physiological quality, weight of one thousand seeds and to reduce hydrogen peroxide content. Seeds of higher physiological quality showed lower superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activity, so they can be used as a marker of physiological quality in sweet pepper seeds.

ABSTRACT. In agriculture with 4.0 technologies, developing a decision model with a 0.0 cost is attractive to small farmers. In water management, if this approach could be used to promote sustainability and optimization, it could become a pathway to reach the sustainable development goal in 2030. The core of this work is the development of a 4.0 mathematical model (based on fuzzy concepts) to verify the benefits of the production of lettuce irrigated with magnetically treated water at different replacement rates. This approach is achieved using computational 4.0 software and manual methods. The aim of mathematical modeling is to understand or explain a natural phenomenon associated with a given area of knowledge, and fuzzy-rule-based systems have been widely used in different types of in-depth research.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as relações existentes entre as empresas compradoras de leite e os produtores rurais de oito cidades do Sul de Minas Gerais e verificar a influência dessas relações em diversos fatores de produção nos resultados econômicos provenientes da produção leiteira e outras áreas da atividade necessárias para a produção láctea. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas de campo com 115 produtores rurais das cidades de Campestre, Caldas, Elói Mendes, Paraguaçu, Poço Fundo, Poços de Caldas, Ipuiuna e Machado. Após a coleta de dados, foram realizadas análises para verificar a relação existente entre diversos fatores de produção que sofrem impactos a partir das relações de comercialização entre os produtores de leite e as empresas compradoras do produto na região. Os resultados permitem concluir que diversos fatores necessários para o processo produtivo são influenciados pelo relacionamento entre os agentes citados, e o resultado dos processos de comercialização podem impactar não somente os lucros, mas também outras áreas da atividade leiteira necessárias para o processo produtivo.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the existing correlations of milk buyers with rural producers in eight cities in the South of Minas Gerais and to verify the influence of these relationships on several factors of production in the economic results from dairy production and other areas of activity required for dairy production. For this, field interviews were conducted with 115 rural producers from the cities of Campestre, Caldas, Elói Mendes, Paraguaçu, Poço Fundo, Poços de Caldas, Ipuiuna and Machado. After the data collection, analyzes were carried out to verify the relationship between several factors of production that are impacted by the commercial relations between milk producers and the companies purchasing the product in the region. The results allow us to conclude that several factors necessary for the productive process are influenced by the relationship between the mentioned agents and the result of the commercialization processes can impact not only the economic results but also on other areas of the dairy activity required for the productive process.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estúdio fue analizar las correlaciones existentes de las empresas compradoras de leche com los productores rurales de ocho ciudadesdelsur de Minas Gerais y verificar La influencia de estas relaciones en diversos factores de producción em los resultados económicos provenientes de laproducción lechera y otras áreas de La actividad necesarias para la producción láctea. Para esto, se realizaron entrevistas de campo con 115 productores rurales de lãs ciudades de Campestre, Caldas, Elói Mendes, Paraguaçu, Poço Fundo, Poços de Caldas, Ipuiuna y Machado. Después de La recolección de datos, se realizaron análisis para verificar La relación existente entre diversos factores de producción que sufren impacto a partir de las relaciones de comercialización entre productores de leche y las empresas compradoras Del producto en La región. Los resultados permiten concluir que diversos factores necesarios para El proceso productivo son influenciados por La relación entre los agentes citados y el resultado de los procesos de comercialización pueden impactar no solo los resultados económicos, sino también otras áreas de La actividad lechera necesarias para el proceso productivo.

Résumé: Le but de cette étude était d'analyser la corrélation du lait d'acheter des entreprises avec les agriculteurs de 8 villes dans le sud du Minas Gerais et l'influence de ces relations dans divers facteurs de production dans les résultats économiques de la production de lait et d'autres domaines d'activité nécessaire pour la production laitière. Pour ce faire, des interviews sur le terrain ont été menées auprès de 115 agriculteurs des villes de Campestre, Caldas, Elói Mendes, Paraguaçu, Poço Fundo, Pocos de Caldas, Ipuiúna et Machado. Après la collecte des données, des analyses ont été réalisées pour étudier la relation entre les différents facteurs de production qui sont impactés de la commercialisation des relations entre les producteurs de lait et les sociétés d'achat du produit dans la région. Les résultats suggèrent que plusieurs facteurs nécessaires au processus de production sont influencés par la relation entre les agents ci-dessus et le résultat des processus de marketing peut avoir un impact non seulement économique, mais aussi d'autres secteurs de l'élevage laitier nécessaires au processus de production.

ABSTRACT Carrot cultivation has increased within vegetable production because of its benefits to human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different irrigation using magnetically treated water and potable water on a carrot crop. The experiment was conducted in the Department of Rural Engineering of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (FCA-UNESP), Botucatu-SP Campus (Brazil), from September to December, 2015. A randomized complete block with a 2x5 factorial and 10 repetitions was adopted. Thus, the treatments included 2 types of water (potable and magnetically treated) and 5 spare blades that corresponded to the percentage of evapotranspiration (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% ETc), with drip irrigation. The magnetically treated water irrigation yielded an increase in green root biomass, and the highest production was seen with 100 and 125% ETc, verifying the possibility of increased carrot productivity. There was a significant increase in the number of leaves, bulb length and diameter when the carrot crop was irrigated with magnetically treated water.

RESUMO A cultura da cenoura vem aumentando sua representatividade na produção de hortaliças devido a seus benefícios para a saúde humana. Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar a consequência de diferentes lâminas de irrigação utilizando água tratada magneticamente e potável para a cultura da cenoura. O experimento foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA-UNESP), Campus de Botucatu-SP (Brasil), entre os meses de setembro a dezembro de 2015. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial de 2x5 com 10 repetições. Assim, os tratamentos foram 2 tipos de água (água tratada magneticamente e potável), e 5 lâminas de reposição que corresponderam aos percentuais da evapotranspiração (25, 50, 75, 100 e 125% da Etc), utilizando a irrigação por gotejamento. Constatou-se que a irrigação com água tratada magneticamente proporcionou um incremento na massa de matéria fresca, sendo que a lâmina que obteve a maior produção foi a de 100 e 125% da Etc, assim verificando a possibilidade do aumento da produtividade da cenoura. Se constatou aumento significativo para a o número de folhas, comprimento de bulbo e diâmetro para a cultura da cenoura quando irrigada com água tratada magneticamente.

Resumo: Este trabalho analisou o cenário da introdução da tecnologia da informação em cooperativas e propriedades produtoras de café na região do Sul de Minas Gerais. Como instrumento de coleta de dados utilizaram-se observações, análise documental e entrevistas com gerentes e proprietários. Como resultados, foi possível conhecer o cenário de utilização, problemas enfrentados e ações tomadas quando da adoção de novas tecnologias da informação.

Abstract: This paper analyzes the scenario of the introduction of information technology in cooperatives and coffee producing properties in the southern region of Minas Gerais. As an instrument of data collection, observations, documentary analysis and interviews with managers and owners were used. As results, it was possible to know the scenario of use, problems faced and actions taken when adopting new information technologies.

Resumen: Este trabajo analizó el escenario de la introducción de la tecnología de la información en cooperativas y propiedades productoras de café. Como instrumento de recolección de datos se utilizaron observaciones, análisis documental y entrevistas con gerentes y propietarios. Como resultados, fue posible conocer el escenario de utilización, problemas enfrentados y acciones tomadas en la adopción de nuevas tecnologías de la información.

Résumé: Cette étude a examiné la scène de l'introduction des technologies de l'information dans les coopératives et les propriétés productrices de café. Comme instrument de collecte de données ont été utilisées observations, l'analyse des documents et des entretiens avec les gestionnaires et les propriétaires. En conséquence, il a été possible de connaître le stade de l'utilisation, les problèmes rencontrés et les mesures prises lors de l'adoption de nouvelles technologies de l'information

Resumo Uvas são consideradas excelentes fontes de compostos fenólicos, quando comparadas a outros vegetais; porém, a grande diversidade entre as cultivares resulta em frutos com diferentes características, tanto de sabor quanto de coloração, o que, certamente, está associado com o conteúdo e o perfil de compostos polifenólicos. Cascas e polpas de amostras de uva no ponto de consumo − tipos “Itália”, “Brasil”, “Rubi”, “Thompson” e “Niágara Rosada” − da região de Campinas e Jundiaí, Estado de São Paulo, foram estudadas com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade antioxidante, a atividade enzimática da peroxidase e da polifenoloxidase e os teores de compostos fenólicos e de ácido ascórbico. A fim de verificar as correlações entre as cascas e polpas das variedades e as características, utilizou-se a Correlação de Pearson, a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D2) e, por fim, o agrupamento das diferentes respostas através da análise multivariada. Verificou-se que as cascas das uvas analisadas apresentaram correlação positiva com o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos, a atividade da enzima polifenoloxidase e com o teor de ácido ascórbico, exceto a cultivar “Niágara Rosada”, a qual mostrou maiores valores para estas avaliações. Não houve correlação entre o índice de atividade antioxidante com as demais análises realizadas. As cascas se mostraram uma ótima fonte para estes compostos.

Abstract Grapes are considered a major source of phenolic compounds when compared to other vegetables, but the great diversity amongst the cultivars results in fruits with different characteristics of taste and colour, which is certainly associated with the polyphenol content and profile. Skins and pulps of ripe samples of “Itália”, “Brasil”, “Rubi”, “Thompson” and “Niagara Rosada” grapes from the Campinas and Jundiaí regions - SP state - Brazil, were studied with the objective of evaluating the antioxidant activity, enzymatic activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase, phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid. In order to verify correlations between the skins and pulps of the varieties and the characteristics studied, Pearson’s correlation, the generalized distance of Mahalanobis (D2) and finally the grouping of the different responses using the multivariate analysis, were carried out. It was verified that the skins of the grapes analysed had a positive correlation with the phenolic compounds, polyphenoloxidase activity and ascorbic acid content, except for “Niagara Rosada”, showing higher levels for these evaluations. There was no correlation between the antioxidant activity and the other analyzes. This shows that for the majority of the varieties evaluated, the skins are a great source of these compounds.

Resumo A economia leiteira abrange produtos de grande destaque para o agronegócio brasileiro. Sua produção apresentou crescimento nas últimas décadas, podendo atribuir-se a fatores, como o aumento do número de vacas ordenhadas e/ou adoção de animais com maior produtividade no rebanho, e a inserção de tecnologia no processo de produção leiteira. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar, junto à base de dados do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial – INPI, a totalidade de registros de patentes vinculadas à atividade da produção leiteira, principalmente durante a fase de ordenha, verificando se há correlação entre o número de registros e o aumento de produtividade e/ou o aumento do número de animais em lactação. Foram consultadas na base de dados do INPI, registros de patentes relacionadas ao processo de ordenha realizadas no período entre 1975 e 2015 No ano de 1996, foi promulgada a Lei n.º 9.279, que garante os direitos e obrigações relativos à propriedade industrial, momento em que ocorre maior procura pelos pedidos de registros. Entretanto, o número de pedidos de registros não foi significativo, se comparado com o período após 2006, quando entrou em vigor no Brasil a Instrução Normativa 51, que regula todo o processo envolvido na produção leiteira, quando, então, ocorreu um aumento expressivo do número de registros na base de dados do INPI. Concluiu-se, assim, que o aumento do número de patentes no período analisado coincidiu com o aumento da produção de leite, relacionado ao maior número de animais ordenhados e / ou maior produção de leite no rebanho brasileiro, o que torna a evolução tecnológica no setor ser mencionada como uma das causas da melhoria da qualidade dos produtos lácteos.

Abstract The dairy economy is one of the most important sectors of Brazilian agribusiness. Dairy production showed growth over the last few decades, which can be attributed to factors such as: an increase in the number of milked cows and/or the adoption of more productive animals in the dairy herd, and the insertion of technology into the dairy production process. Thus, the objective of this study was to quantify, together with the Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property – INPI – database, all registrations of patents related to the milk production activity, mainly during the milking phase, verifying if there is any correlation between the number of registrations and the increase in productivity and / or the increase in number of lactating animals. Patent records related to the milking process carried out between 1975 and 2015 were consulted in the INPI database. The Brazilian law No. 9,279 was enacted in 1996, which guarantees the rights and obligations related to industrial property, and at that time a greater demand for registrations occurred, although this was not significant when compared with the period after 2006, when Normative Instruction 51 came into force, which regulates the whole process involved in milk production, obtaining a significant increase in the number of registrations in the INPI database. It was thus concluded that the increase in the number of patents during the period analyzed coincided with the increase in milk production, which was related to the greater number of milked animals and/or higher milk yields in the Brazilian herd, which makes the technological evolution in the sector be mentioned as one of the causes of the improvement in quality of dairy products.

The production of castor bean has emerged as one of the most important agro-industry, which employs a range of applications such as: industrial, medicinal, cosmetic and energy. With the development of bioenergy research, they have discovered that it is possible to enjoy the castor oil for biodiesel production and then, your importance had a big impact, especially economic. In Brazil, the bet in the plantation appeals such social as economic and environmental, therefore introduced in some regions of the semi-arid northeast, where production is done by small and medium producers familiar with a consortium with other food crops with short cycle species to achieve higher revenue from crops. The emphasis on social issues is strong, because the drought in the semiarid region promotes an obstacle for a wide range of farmers. These places have been considered in the state of public calamity and the interest of continuing and consolidation of the plantation project brought to these areas a lack infrastructure. Already in the economic interest of castor have differences of opinion, because even the government has released incentives for planting castor beans, there are otherscultivations that have better incomes for energy production.

La cadena de producción de ricino ha surgido como una de las más importantes de la agroindustria, siendo empleada en una gama de aplicaciones tales como industrial, medicinal, cosmética y energética. Con el desarrollo de investigaciones en bioenergía, se ha descubierto que es posible aprovechar el aceite de ricino para la producción de biodiesel y esto incrementó su importancia otorgándole un gran impacto, especialmente económico. En Brasil, la apuesta de su plantación de ricino tuvo implicaciones tanto sociales como económicas y ambientales y por lo tanto se introdujo en algunas regiones del nordeste semiárido, donde la producción es realizada por pequeños y medianos productores con mano de obra familiar en consorcio con otros cultivos alimenticios, especialmente con especies de ciclo corto para alcanzar mayores ingresos con estos cultivos. El énfasis en los temas sociales es fuerte debido a que la sequía en la región semiárida promueve un obstáculo para una amplia gama de agricultores. Estos sitios se han considerado en estado de calamidad pública y el interés de dar continuidad y consolidación al proyecto de plantación trajo a estas áreas una infraestructura escasa. Considerando el interés económico por el ricino, existen diferencias de opinión, porque incluso el gobierno ha puesto en marcha incentivos para susplantaciones, mientras que hay otros cultivos que tienen mejores ingresos para la producción de energía.