Resumo O conhecimento das quantidades de nutrientes acumulados pela pitaia nas diferentes fases de desenvolvimento permite definir as épocas em que os elementos essenciais são mais exigidos, contribuindo assim para a elaboração de programas de adubação racionais para a cultura, diminuindo os custos de produção. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o crescimento e a demanda nutricional da pitaia vermelha, estimando o acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes pelas plantas e determinando as épocas em que ocorrem os maiores acúmulos, bem como a taxa de crescimento relativo e a taxa de absorção relativa de nutrientes. As mudas de pitaia foram plantadas em vasos contendo um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo Eutrófico e conduzidas a céu aberto. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e sete épocas de amostragens: 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 e 360 DAP (dias após o plantio). Em cada época de amostragem avaliou-se o comprimento dos cladódios, matéria seca da parte aérea e o acúmulo de nutrientes da parte aérea. As plantas de pitaia vermelha apresentaram baixa taxa de crescimento até 60 dias e, a partir deste período, o crescimento aumentou significativamente. O acúmulo de nutrientes ocorreu na seguinte ordem decrescente: K > Ca > N > Mg = P > S > elemento Na > Zn > Mn > Fe > B > Cu. O K e o Zn foram, respectivamente, o macro e o micronutriente mais exportados pelos frutos da pitaia.

Abstract Knowledge on the amounts of nutrients accumulated by pitaya in its different development stages allows defining the periods in which the essential elements are most required, thus contributing to the elaboration of rational fertilization programs for the crop, reducing production costs. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and nutritional requirement of red pitaya, estimating the accumulation of macro and micronutrients by the plants and determining the periods in which the greatest accumulations occur, as well as the relative growth rate and the relative nutrient absorption rate. Pitaya seedlings were planted in pots containing Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo Eutrófico (Ultisol) and grown in the open air. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replicates and seven sampling times: 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 DAP (days after planting). At each sampling time, length of cladodes, dry matter of the aerial part and nutrient accumulation in the aerial part were evaluated. Red pitaya plants showed a low growth rate until 60 days and, from this period, its growth increased significantly. Nutrient accumulation occurred in the following descending order: K > Ca > N > Mg = P > S > Na element > Zn > Mn > Fe > B > Cu. K and Zn were, respectively, the most exported macro and micronutrient by pitaya fruits.

RESUMO É notório que a agricultura nacional vem se modificando em ritmo acelerado nos últimos anos. A exigência do mercado consumidor, somada à necessidade de novos produtos, é responsável por este fato. Diante disso, a cultura da pitaia branca (Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose) tem se mostrado uma alternativa viável aos produtores agrícolas da região Nordeste. Como fatores limitantes, destacam-se: as incipientes informações em relação à nutrição mineral da planta, aliada a dados referentes ao crescimento da cultura (fenologia). Assim, desenvolveu-se este trabalho visando avaliar a influência do potássio e cálcio no desenvolvimento desta cultura, bem como nas relações de trocas gasosas, na região litorânea no estado do Ceará. O delineamento estatístico foi em blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 4 x 4, com 16 tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por doses de potássio, (0; 125; 250 e 375 mg K dm-3) e doses de cálcio, (0; 53; 106 e 159 mg Ca dm-3). As avaliações foram realizadas aos 270 dias para as determinações biométricas e 240 dias para as avaliações de trocas gasosas. Para os caracteres morfológicos, a interação nutricional que se destacou foi 250; 159 mg dm-3 (K; Ca). A fotossíntese líquida foi maior nas doses 125 mg K dm-3 e 0 mg Ca dm-3. Para as condições ambientais em que o ensaio foi realizado, as doses 250 e 159 mg dm-3 (K; Ca) foram as que se destacaram para as variáveis analisadas.

ABSTRACT Agriculture in Brazil has improved at a fast pace in recent years, given the growing demand for quality and the need for new products. In this respect, white pitaya [Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose] has become a feasible alternative for Northeast farmers. The limiting factors include a small amount of data on plant mineral nutrition and crop growth (phenology). Therefore, this study goal was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) on crop development and gas exchange in white pitaya grown in the coastal region of the state of Ceará, in Brazil. Sixteen treatments with three repetitions were organized in a completely randomized block design and a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of various concentrations of K (0; 125; 250 and 375 mg dm-3) and Ca (0, 53, 106, and 159 mg dm-3). Biometric characteristics and gas exchange were determined after 270 and 240 days of treatment, respectively. For morphometric characteristics, the most significant nutrient combination was 250 mg dm-3 of K and 159 mg dm-3 of Ca. Net photosynthesis was higher at the dose of 125 mg dm-3 of K and 0 mg dm-3 of Ca. Our results indicate that, for the environmental conditions under which the test was conducted, an optimum nutrient combination for the analyzed variables was 250 mg dm-3 K and 159 mg dm-3 Ca.

ABSTRACT Several complications can arise, either directly or indirectly, from implementation of measures to correct soil acidity in established fruit orchards, such as impaired roots, lower root volume, risk of plant infection, propagation of diseases, promotion of pest development (especially nematodes), and soil disaggregation and compaction. These factors can have a negative effect on crop yield. Therefore, it becomes critical to implement an effective method of neutralizing soil acidity, especially at the level of the tree roots. To assess the effect that the rates and forms of limestone applied on the soil surface have on soil fertility and on nutrition and yield of guava, an experiment was conducted in a commercial orchard. A randomized block experimental design was implemented with three replicates consisting of two forms of limestone [common limestone with relative neutralizing value (RNV) = 80 % and calcined limestone with RNV = 131 %], which were applied at five different rates (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 times the recommended rate to raise the V value to 70 %), without incorporation. Liming with common or calcined limestone caused a drop in soil acidity in the 0.00-0.10 m layer at 6, 12, and 24 months after application. Soil acidity decreased in the 0.10-0.20 m layer at 6 and 12 months after use of calcined limestone, and at 24 months after liming with the common form of limestone. The chemical composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) of leaves was not affected at 14 months after surface liming treatments, nor the chemical composition of fruit at 20 months after the treatments. Guava yield was not affected by surface liming.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a vida útil de cinco híbridos de melão cv. amarelo (AF-7100, AF-1498, AF-5107, AF-4945 e AF-1805) produzidos no Agropolo Assu-Mossoró-RN. Após atingido o estádio de maturação, os frutos foram colhidos e conduzidos ao Laboratório de Pós-Colheita da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA), onde se retiraram ao acaso 12 frutos de cada híbrido para caracterização no tempo zero. Em seguida, os demais frutos foram pesados, identificados e armazenados em câmara refrigerada regulada a 10±1ºC e 90±2% UR, onde permaneceram por 7; 14; 21; 28; 35; 42; 49; 56; 63 e 70 dias. Em cada intervalo de tempo, avaliaram-se nos frutos: perda de massa, firmeza da polpa, aparência externa e interna, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares redutores e açúcares solúveis totais. o delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo. Na parcela, está o fator híbridos e, na subparcela, os tempos de armazenamento. Foram utilizadas três repetições, sendo a parcela constituída por três frutos. Houve interação significativa entre híbrido e período de armazenamento para a firmeza de polpa dos frutos. Para as demais características avaliadas, foi observado o efeito dos fatores principais. Durante operíodo de conservação,ohíbridoAF-7100 apresentou maior firmeza dos frutos, seguida da cultivar AF-5107. Houve aumento na perda de massa durante o armazenamento e não se observaram danos nas aparências externas e internas até 42 e 28 dias de armazenamento, respectivamente.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the shelf life of five yellow melon hybrids (AF7100, AF-1498, AF-5107, AF-4945 e AF-1805) grown in the Agropole Mossoró-Assu, RN. Fruits were harvested at commercial maturity and transported to the Postharvest Laboratory of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA). Upon arrival, twelve fruits were randomly selected of each hybrid for characterization at zero time of storage. Right after, the other fruits were weighed, identified and stored in cold room at 10±1ºC and 90±2% RH for 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 days. For all these storage times, it was performed evaluations for loss of mass, pulp firmness, external and internal appearances, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, reducing sugars, and total soluble sugars. The experimental design was completely randomized in subdivided parcels according to the time. The parcel has the cultivar and the subparcel has the storage periods. It was used three replications, and the parcel was constituted by three fruits. There was a significant interaction between cultivars and storage time on the pulp firmness of the fruits. It was observed significant effects of the main factors on the other assessed traits. Higher fruit pulp firmness was observed in the hybrid AF-7100, followed by the hybrid AF-5107. There was an increment in the percentage of mass loss during the storage. It was not observed any damage on the external and internal appearances until 42 and 28 days of storage, respectively.