Abstract To evaluate the knowledge of Brazilian dentists of sports doping through the development, validation and application of the Brazilian Knowledge Scale about Sports Doping in Dentistry (B-KSSDD). A scale with 12 items was developed to assess a dentist’s ability to determine whether the use of a medication characterised sports doping according to the World Anti-Doping Agency. A preliminary study to validate the B-KSSDD was carried out with 135 dentists, allowing the evaluation of ceiling and floor effects, convergent and discriminant validity, test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the instrument. A sample size calculation using the results of the preliminary study and the B-KSSDD was completed online using SurveyMonkey® by 270 participants from all regions of the country. The B-KSSDD showed evidence of convergent and discriminant validity, good temporal stability (ICC = 0.75) and internal consistency (alpha = 0.89). In the main study, the participants obtained an average score of 4.19/12 points on the B-KSSDD, suggesting that these professionals have insufficient knowledge about sports doping. The age of participants showed a negative association with knowledge about doping, while frequency of treating athletes and frequency of performing surgeries showed positive associations with knowledge about doping. The dentists had insufficient knowledge of the subject. Age of participants and frequency with which they attend to athletes are associated with knowledge about sports doping. Professional updating and education policies on doping are necessary for dentists, as athlete patients are at risk for severe sporting and financial penalties.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO Antivirais de ação direta são as novas drogas utilizadas no tratamento da hepatite C crônica. São geralmente seguros, com boa tolerância, mas eventualmente podem causar efeitos adversos graves, e não há consenso sobre como tratá-los ou preveni-los. Descrevemos um caso de síndrome mão-pé secundária à terapia livre de interferon para hepatite C crônica. Materiais e métodos Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 49 anos com cirrose hepática compensada secundária à hepatite C crônica, genótipo 1, virgem de tratamento, que iniciou terapia com sofosbuvir, simeprevir e ribavirina por 12 semanas. Resultados Na sexta semana de tratamento, apresentou anemia, sendo necessária redução de dose da ribavirina. Na 20a semana, apresentou lesões eritematosas e descamativas, com prurido em mãos e pés, que teve resposta parcial ao uso de anti-histamínico oral e corticoide tópico. Não foi necessário descontinuar os antivirais, mas na primeira semana após o término do tratamento, houve piora das lesões, com sinais de infecção secundária, sendo necessárias hospitalização e terapia com antibiótico e corticoide oral, com melhora progressiva. Biópsias das lesões foram compatíveis com farmacodermia. O paciente teve resposta virológica sustentada, apesar dos efeitos adversos. Tinha história de farmacodermia há um ano, atribuída ao uso de topiramato, responsiva a corticoterapia oral. Conclusão Os tratamentos livres de interferon raramente causam eventos adversos graves, como lesões cutâneas. Pacientes em uso de ribavirina e com história de farmacodermia ou doença cutânea prévia podem ser mais susceptíveis. Não existe consenso sobre como prevenir reações cutâneas nesses pacientes.

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Direct-acting antivirals are new drugs for chronic hepatitis C treatment. They are usually safe and well tolerated, but can sometimes cause serious adverse effects and there is no consensus on how to treat or prevent them. We described a case of hand-foot syndrome due to hepatitis C virus interferon-free therapy. METHODS We report the case of a 49-year-old man with compensated liver cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C genotype 1, treatment-naïve, who started viral treatment with sofosbuvir, simeprevir and ribavirin for 12 weeks. RESULTS At the sixth week of treatment he had anemia, requiring a lower dose of ribavirin. At the tenth week, he had erythematous, pruritic, scaly and flaky lesions on hands and feet, which showed a partial response to oral antihistamines and topical corticosteroids. It was not necessary to discontinue antiviral treatment, but in the first week after the end of treatment, there was worsening of injuries, including signs of secondary infection, that required hospitalization, antibiotics and oral corticosteroid, with progressive improvement. Biopsy of the lesions was consistent with pharmacodermia. The patient had sustained a virological response, despite the side effect. He had a history of pharmacodermia one year ago attributed to the use of topiramate, responsive to oral corticosteroid. CONCLUSION Interferon-free therapies can rarely lead to severe adverse reactions, such as skin lesions. Patients receiving ribavirin combinations and those who had a history of pharmacodermia or skin disease may be more susceptible. There is no consensus on how to prevent skin reactions in these patients.

O Stylosanthes spp. cv. Campo Grande é uma leguminosa recomendada para a recuperação de áreas de pastagens degradadas, entretanto são escassas as informações sobre seu desenvolvimento em solos compactados. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento do Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande em diferentes níveis de densidade de um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico (LVef). O experimento foi desenvolvido no período entre setembro de 2007 e março de 2008, em cultivo protegido. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco níveis de compactação do solo em sub-superfície (1,0; 1,2; 1,4; 1,6 e 1,8 Mg m-3) com quatro repetições. As unidades experimentais foram compostas por vasos montados a partir de anéis de PVC sobrepostos. No solo estudado (LVef) o máximo crescimento do Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande ocorre com a densidade de solo em torno de 1,27 Mg m-3; e densidades de solo acima de 1,00 Mg m-3 limitam o desenvolvimento radicular desta leguminosa.

Stylosanthes spp. cv. Campo Grande is a legume recommended for the recovery of degraded areas of pasture, however there is little information about its development in compacted soils. The aim of the present study therefore was to evaluate the development of Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande at different density levels of a eutroferric Oxisol (LVef). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse from September 2007 to March 2008. Experimental design was completely randomized, and treatments consisted of five levels of sub-surface soil compaction (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 Mg m-3) with four replications. The experimental units were pots made from overlapping PVC rings. In the soil under study (LVef), maximum growth of Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande occurs at a soil density of around 1.27 Mg m-3; soil densities above 1.00 Mg m-3 limit the root development of this legume.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with zinc or boron on the growth and dry matter production, nutritional value and accumulation of nutrients in white oats. The study comprised two experiments conducted in glasshouses, the first consisting of the application of four doses of zinc (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/dm³) in the form of zinc sulphate (20% Zn), and the second consisting of the application of four doses of boron (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/dm³) in the form of Borax (11% B). The experimental design in each case was a randomized block design, with five replicates. Fertilization with zinc and boron increased the growth of white oats, but had no significant effect on the nutritional value of the forage. Higher levels of absorption and accumulation of nutrients in plant tissues were observed following the application of boron and zinc at rates of up to 0.60 mg/dm³ of soil.

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de doses crescentes de dejeto líquido suíno sobre a produção e composição químico-bromatológica da parte aérea da aveia preta. O experimento foi conduzido em sistema de plantio direto sob o delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e os tratamentos constituídos pela aplicação de 0; 10; 20; 30; 40 e 50 m³ ha-1 de dejeto líquido suíno. Foram determinados a produção de MS da parte aérea, a relação folha:colmo e os teores de proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), matéria mineral (MM), matéria orgânica (MO), nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), cobre (Cu), zinco (Zn), manganês (Mn) e ferro (Fe). A aplicação de dejeto líquido suíno não promoveu efeitos significativos sobre a produção de MS e teores de FDN, MM e MO, mas promoveu aumento linear da relação folha:colmo e do teor de PB e redução linear no teor de FDA. Quanto aos minerais, as doses de dejeto líquido suíno promoveram aumento linear nos teores de N, P, K, Ca e Zn, sem efeitos sobre os demais minerais estudados. A utilização de dejeto líquido suíno na fertilização da cultura da aveia até a dose de 50 m³ ha-1 não aumenta a produção de forragem mas eleva o valor nutricional.

The work has as objective evaluate the effect of application of increasing doses of pig slurry under yield and chemical composition of black oat shoot. The experiment was carried out in no-tillage system under experimental design of randomized blocks with four replications and the treatments composed by application of 0; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50 m³ ha-1 of pig slurry. Were determined the yield of total dry mass, the leaf-stem ratio and content of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), mineral matter (MM), organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe). The application of pig slurry did not promote significant effects on dry mass yield and content of NDF, MM and OM, but promoted linear increase of leaf-stem ratio and of CP and linear decrease in content of ADF. Regarding to minerals, the doses of pig slurry promoted linear increase in contents of N, P, K, Ca, and Zn, without effects on the other studied minerals. The use of pig slurry fertilization on the oat crop until the dose 50 m³ ha-1 does not increase forage production but increases the nutritional value.

Com o aumento da expectativa de vida da população mundial, a saúde bucal do idoso tem recebido maior atenção nos últimos anos. Muitos idosos podem ser beneficiados por meio de ações de promoção de saúde bucal onde esteja incluído o Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (TRA). Este estudo terá como proposta avaliar o comportamento clínico de restaurações atraumáticas em pacientes idosos, por um período de 3 anos. O estudo incluirá uma entrevista estruturada, exame clínico bucal, instruções de higiene oral e o tratamento restaurador atraumático. O método utilizado para o exame bucal será o preconizado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Cavidades classe I, II ou V pequenas ou médias, sem envolvimento pulpar nem sintomatologia dolorosa espontânea serão selecionadas para o tratamento restaurador atraumático. As restaurações serão avaliadas de maneira direta no início e após 6, 12, 24 e 36 meses, de acordo com os critérios modificados do USPHS. Dois cirurgiões-dentistas treinados para o TRA, mas que não participarão dos procedimentos restauradores, avaliarão as restaurações.

With the increase of life expectancy in the world's population, oral health care of elderly people has attracted considerably more attention over the last years. Many elderly may benefit from oral health promotion measures that involve the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) approach. The purpose of this study will be to evaluate, over 3 years of follow-up, the clinical behavior of atraumatic restorations placed in elderly patients. The study will comprise a structured interview, intraoral clinical examination, oral hygiene instructions and the atraumatic restorative treatment. Intraoral examination will be carried out as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Small to medium size class I, II or V cavities without pulp involvement and spontaneous painful symptomatology will be selected to undergo the atraumatic restorative treatment. The restorations will be evaluated by direct observation at baseline and after 6, 12, 24 and 36 months, using modified USPHS criteria. Two dentists with training and expertise in the ART approach, but who will not participate in the ART procedures, will evaluate the restorations.