Abstract Background: Phlebitis is a complication associated with peripheral intravenous catheters and an adverse event. Objective: To analyze peripheral intravenous catheter-associated phlebitis incidents associated and drug administration to adult inpatients and their consequences. Methodology: Quantitative, retrospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. Non-probabilistic convenience sampling technique was used, with 96 adult patients hospitalized in 2019 selected in the area of medicine at a Hospital Center in Lisbon. The type of phlebitis incident was characterized using the Visual Infusion Phlebitis scale adapted and translated to European Portuguese. Patient harm was categorized according to the International Classification for Patient Safety (ICPS). Results: Of the documented phlebitis incidents, 78% obtained a score 2 on the VIP PT-PT scale. According to the ICPS, 87.5% resulted in mild harm and 12.5% in moderate harm. Antibiotics were the most frequent therapeutic group. Conclusion: Phlebitis has an impact on patient safety. The importance of nursing care is reinforced, with a focus on surveillance and early detection of phlebitis to prevent complications.

Resumo Enquadramento: A flebite é uma complicação associada à utilização de cateter venoso periférico, classificada como evento adverso. Objetivos: Analisar os incidentes de flebite associada ao cateter venoso periférico e aos medicamentos administrados em doentes adultos internados e as suas consequências. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, retrospetivo, descritivo e transversal. Técnica de amostragem não probabilística por conveniência sendo selecionados 96 doentes adultos internados em 2019, na área da medicina de um Centro Hospitalar em Lisboa. O grau de flebite foi avaliado pela escala Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score Português Portugal (VIP PT-PT) traduzida e adaptada para Português Europeu. O dano foi categorizado de acordo com a classificação internacional sobre segurança do doente (CISD). Resultados: Dos incidentes de flebite documentados, 78% classificados com score 2 pela escala VIP PT-PT. Pela CISD, 87,5% resultaram em dano ligeiro e 12,5% em moderado. Os antibióticos foram o grupo terapêutico mais frequente. Conclusão: A flebite tem impacto na segurança do doente. Reforça-se a importância dos cuidados de enfermagem com enfoque na vigilância e deteção precoce de flebite.

Resumen Marco contextual: La flebitis es una complicación asociada al uso de catéteres venosos periféricos clasificada como acontecimiento adverso. Objetivos: Analizar los incidentes de flebitis asociada al empleo de catéteres venosos periféricos y a la administración de fármacos en pacientes adultos hospitalizados y sus consecuencias. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal. Técnica de muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, se seleccionaron 96 pacientes adultos ingresados en 2019 en el área médica de un centro hospitalario de Lisboa. El grado de flebitis se evaluó mediante la escala Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score Portugués Portugal (VIP PT-PT), traducida y adaptada al portugués europeo. El daño se categorizó según la Clasificación Internacional sobre Seguridad del Paciente (CISD). Resultados: De los incidentes de flebitis documentados, el 78% se clasificó con una puntuación de 2 según la escala VIP PT-PT. Por la CISD, el 87,5% resultó en daño leve y el 12,5% en moderado. Los antibióticos fueron el grupo terapéutico más frecuente. Conclusión: La flebitis repercute en la seguridad del paciente. Se refuerza la importancia de los cuidados de enfermería centrados en la vigilancia y la detección precoz de la flebitis.

Abstract Background: Falls in hospital settings are frequent adverse events, with medications contributing significantly. Objective: To analyze inpatient fall notifications and characterize fall risk with a focus on drug therapy by applying the Medication Fall Risk Score. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted in a Portuguese hospital center. The Medication Fall Risk Score was applied to a sample of 183 patient fall notifications in the first quarter of 2021. Results: The Medication Fall Risk Score identified 60.6% of patients with "yes" for high fall risk. Regarding fall risk assessment recorded in the notifications using another scale, 65.8% of patients were classified as "low risk" or "no risk." Of these, 53.9% were classified as "yes" for high risk using the Medication Fall Risk Score. Conclusion: The Medication Fall Risk Score may help to improve the detection of patients at "high risk" of falling, allowing safer medication practices for fall prevention.

Resumo Enquadramento: As quedas em contexto hospitalar são eventos adversos frequentes, sendo os medicamentos um importante fator contribuinte. Objetivo: Analisar notificações de queda de doentes internados e caracterizar o risco de queda com foco na terapia farmacológica, através da aplicação da Medication Fall Risk Score. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, descritivo e retrospetivo realizado num centro hospitalar português. Aplicada a Medication Fall Risk Score, numa amostra de 183 notificações de queda ocorridas no primeiro trimestre de 2021. Resultados: A Medication Fall Risk Score identificou 60,6% dos doentes com “sim” para o alto risco de queda. Relativamente à avaliação de risco de queda registada nas notificações com recurso a outra escala, identificou-se que 65,8% dos doentes foram classificados como "baixo risco" ou "sem risco". Desses, 53,9% foram classificados com "sim” para o alto risco através da Medication Fall Risk Score. Conclusão: A Medication Fall Risk Score poderá contribuir para melhorar a deteção de doentes com “alto risco” de queda, permitindo uma gestão mais segura dos medicamentos para a prevenção das quedas.

Resumen Marco contextual: Las caídas en los hospitales son eventos adversos frecuentes y la medicación es un factor importante. Objetivo: Analizar las notificaciones de caída de pacientes hospitalizados y caracterizar el riesgo de caída centrándose en el tratamiento farmacológico, mediante la aplicación de la Medication Fall Risk Score. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo realizado en un centro hospitalario portugués. Aplicada la Medication Fall Risk Score en una muestra de 183 notificaciones de caída ocurridas en el primer trimestre de 2021. Resultados: La Medication Fall Risk Score identificó al 60,6% de los pacientes con un "sí" para riesgo de caída elevado. En cuanto a la evaluación del riesgo de caída registrada en las notificaciones mediante otra escala, el 65,8% de los pacientes fueron clasificados como de “riesgo bajo" o "sin riesgo". De ellos, el 53,9% se clasificaron con un "sí" para riesgo elevado a través de la Medication Fall Risk Score. Conclusión: La Medication Fall Risk Score podría ayudar a mejorar la detección de pacientes con “riesgo elevado" de caída, lo que permitiría una gestión más segura de los medicamentos para prevenirla.

Abstract Introduction: the nutritional intervention has become a critical point to achieve the reduction of perioperative morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. There are different factors that will play a fundamental role in the evolution and prognosis of this pathology, being the state of nutrition and diet a cornerstone in these aspects. Objective: to evaluate the perioperative effect of whey protein isolate (WPI) and calcium caseinate (CaCNT) in cancer patients undergoing elective surgery. Methods: randomized controlled clinical trial with three groups: the control group (n = 15), consisting in conventional management by the oncology surgery services, and two intervention groups, one with calcium caseinate supplementation (n = 15) and another one with whey protein isolate supplementation (n = 15) for six weeks perioperatively. Handgrip strength, six-minute walk, and body composition were assessed pre and postoperatively. Results: those who were supplemented with WPI maintained their handgrip strength and showed less extracellular water (p < 0.02); also an increase in visceral mass was shown (p < 0.02). Finally, a correlation was found with variables associated with body composition and patient evolution when compared to the control group. Conclusions: nutritional supplementation needs to be approached from the functional and metabolic point of view to identify factors that have a favorable impact, as well as the distinction between carcinoma and the type of supplementation to be implemented.

Resumen Introducción: la intervención nutricia se ha convertido en un punto crítico para lograr la disminución de la morbimortalidad perioperatoria en el paciente oncológico. Existen distintos factores que jugarán un papel fundamental en la evolución y el pronóstico de esta patología, siendo el estado de nutrición y la dieta una piedra angular en estos aspectos. Objetivos: evaluar el efecto perioperatorio de la proteína aislada de suero de leche (WPI) y el caseinato de calcio (CaCNT) en pacientes oncológicos sometidos a cirugía electiva. Métodos: ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado con tres grupos: grupo control (n = 15), que consistió en manejo convencional por parte de los servicios de cirugía oncológica, y dos grupos de intervención, uno con suplementación de caseinato de calcio (n = 15) y otro con suplementación con proteína aislada de suero de leche (n = 15) durante seis semanas de forma perioperatoria. Se evaluaron en tiempos preoperatorio y postoperatorio la fuerza de prensión de mano, la caminata de seis minutos y la composición corporal. Resultados: aquellos que fueron suplementados con WPI mantuvieron la fuerza de prensión y mostraron menor cantidad de agua extracelular (p < 0,02); se mostró un incremento en la masa visceral (p < 0,02). Finalmente, se encontró correlación con variables asociadas a la composición corporal y variables de evolución del paciente en comparación con el grupo control. Conclusiones: la suplementación nutricional requiere ser abordada desde el punto de vista funcional y metabólico para identificar factores que impacten favorablemente, así como la distinción entre carcinoma y el tipo de suplementación a implementar.

Abstract Based on a theoretical framework that mobilizes contributions from literacy and digital inclusion, lifelong learning, digital education and employability, the article provides an analysis of data collected from follow-up surveys of graduates who graduated between 2011 and 2018 through online higher education. The aim of this study is to contribute to deepening knowledge about digital skills and digital inclusion associated with adults who have graduated from courses offered under the digital education regime. The results inform public policy guidelines and corroborate the results of previous studies, regarding the positive impact of online education and training on digital literacy skills and digital inclusion levels.

Résumé En s’appuyant sur un cadre théorique mobilisant les apports de la littératie et de l’inclusion numériques, de l’apprentissage tout au long de la vie, de l’éducation numérique et de l’employabilité, les données recueillies à partir des enquêtes de suivi des diplômés entre 2011 et 2018 dans l’enseignement supérieur en ligne sont analysées. L’objectif de cette étude est de contribuer à l’approfondissement des connaissances sur les compétences numériques et l’inclusion numérique associées aux adultes diplômés des cours offerts dans le cadre du régime d’éducation numérique. Les résultats présentés permettent d’éclairer les politiques publiques et de corroborer les résultats d’autres études qui vont dans le sens d’un impact positif de l’éducation et de la formation en ligne sur les compétences en littératie numérique et les niveaux d’inclusion numérique.

Resumen A partir de un marco teórico que moviliza aportes desde la alfabetización y la inclusión digital, el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida, la educación digital y la empleabilidad, se analizan datos recolectados a través de encuestas de seguimiento a egresados que realizaron la licenciatura entre 2011 y 2018 en la modalidad en línea. El objetivo de este estudio es contribuir a profundizar el conocimiento sobre las competencias y la inclusión digitales asociadas a los adultos que han egresado de cursos ofrecidos bajo el régimen de educación digital. Los resultados permiten informar las políticas públicas y corroboran los resultados de otros estudios, en el sentido de que se evidencia que las habilidades de alfabetización digital y los niveles de inclusión digital se ven impactados positivamente por la educación y formación en línea.

Resumo A partir de um enquadramento teórico, que mobiliza contributos da literacia e inclusão digital, da aprendizagem ao longo da vida, da educação digital e da empregabilidade, analisam-se dados recolhidos através de inquéritos de follow-up aos licenciados que concluíram o curso entre 2011 e 2018 no ensino superior online. Pretende-se, com o presente estudo, contribuir para aprofundar o conhecimento sobre as competências digitais e inclusão digital associadas a adultos diplomados em cursos oferecidos em regime de educação digital. Os resultados apresentados permitem informar as políticas públicas e corroboram os resultados de outros estudos, no sentido em que é evidenciado que as competências de literacia digital e os níveis de inclusão digital são positivamente impactados pela educação e formação online.

Abstract Introduction: Nasal septal deviation is defined as any bending of the septal contour observable on coronal computed tomography (CT) scans and is present in more than half of the population. Concha bullosa (CB) is defined as persistent pneumatisation of the middle turbinate. The purposes of this study are to identify its frequency, as well as its relationship with the deviation of the nasal septum in the population that attends the HGMEL and to propose a radiological classification according to its size and location in relation to the degree of turbinate obstruction. Method: Osteomeatal CT scans performed during one year (January-December 2020) were analysed. All cases presented deviation of the nasal septum. We use the Bolger and Calvo-Henriquez classifications and propose a classification according to the maximum size of the extension in the coronal plane (General Hospital of Mexico Eduardo Liceaga [HGMEL] Classification). Results: Of 142 CT scans of nasal sinuses, 99 were excluded because they did not present CB; as for the remaining 43 (30.28%) subject to this analysis, 27 corresponded to women (62.7%). The incidence of unilateral type CB was 65.12% and that of the bilateral type of 34.88%, with left unilateral CB in 57.14% of cases. The most frequent forms were type 2 (lamellar) with the Bolger classification, type I with the Calvo-Henríquez classification, and grade 1 according to the HGMEL classification. Conclusion: The proposed classification is based on the involvement of the middle turbinate caused by the deviation of the septum due to its anatomical and physiological importance. It is important as a surgical reference and can be easily studied on the preoperative CT scan.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the relationship of driving pressure (DP) with mortality in patients under mechanical ventilation (MV) with COVID-19. Material and methods: Cohort study in patients with COVID-19 and MV from March to September 2020, two groups were compared, exposed (patients with DP greater than 13 cmH2O) and unexposed (patients with DP equal to or less than 13 cmH2O), age was analyzed, sex, hypertension (HT), diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), immunosuppression, and cardiovascular disease. Results: With a total of 90 patients, high DP was shown to be a risk factor for death (p = 0.000) as well as hypertension (p = 0.013) and immunosuppression (p = 0.040). In hypertensive patients, a DP of 10 cmH2O was found as a lung protection goal, which is related to the probability of dying in 49.6%, increasing to 89.6% when there is a DP of 13 cmH2O. Conclusions: 80% of the population has a high risk of mortality when there is high DP, and an increase in mortality when associated with hypertension and immunosuppression. The most important result was the mortality ratio of DP in hypertensive patients.

Resumo: Objetivo: Determinar a relação da pressão de distensão pulmonar (DP) com a mortalidade em pacientes com COVID-19 com ventilação mecânica (VM). Material e métodos: Estudo de coorte em pacientes com COVID-19 e VM de março a setembro de 2020, foram comparados dois grupos, expostos (pacientes com DP maior que 13 cmH2O) e não expostos (pacientes com DP igual ou menor que 13 cmH2O), analisou-se a idade, sexo, pressão arterial alta (HAS), diabetes, obesidade, DRC, DPOC, imunossupressão e doenças cardiovasculares. Resultados: Com um total de 90 pacientes, a DP elevada mostrou-se fator de risco para óbito (p = 0.000), assim como hipertensão (p = 0.013) e imunossupressão (p = 0.040). Em pacientes hipertensos, encontrou-se uma DP de 10 cmH2O como meta de proteção pulmonar, que está relacionada à probabilidade de morrer em 49.6%, aumentando para 89.6% quando há DP de 13 cmH2O. Conclusões: 80% da população tem alto risco de mortalidade quando há DP elevada, e mortalidade aumentada quando associada à hipertensão e imunossupressão. O resultado mais importante foi a razão de mortalidade da DP em pacientes hipertensos.

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la relación de la presión de distensión pulmonar (DP) con la mortalidad en pacientes bajo ventilación mecánica (VM) con COVID-19. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte en pacientes con COVID-19 y VM de marzo a septiembre de 2020, se compararon dos grupos, expuesto (pacientes con DP superior a 13 cmH2O) y no expuestos (pacientes con DP igual o menor a 13 cmH2O), se analizó la edad, sexo, hipertensión arterial (HTA), diabetes, obesidad, enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), inmunosupresión y enfermedad cardiovascular. Resultados: Con un total de 90 pacientes, la DP alta mostró ser un factor de riesgo para defunción (p = 0.000) al igual que la HTA (p = 0.013) y la inmunosupresión (p = 0.040). En pacientes hipertensos se encontró una DP de 10 cmH2O como meta de protección pulmonar, la cual se relaciona con la probabilidad de morir en 49.6% incrementando a 89.6% cuando existe una DP de 13 cmH2O. Conclusiones: Ochenta por ciento de la población tiene alto riesgo de mortalidad cuando existe DP alta, e incremento de mortalidad cuando se asocia con HTA e inmunosuprimidos. El resultado más importante fue la relación de mortalidad de la DP en pacientes hipertensos.

ABSTRACT The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) annually publishes a study of global fitness trends. In 2021, the first study on fitness trends in Portugal was published. The present study reproduced the methodology of the ACSM trends study and characterized the fitness trends in Portugal for 2022. The trends between 2021 and 2022, between genders, between whether to do exercise functions as a professional and between holding the title of Exercise Technician Physical (TEF), Technical Director (DT) or without title, were compared. 758 fitness professionals (FP) responded to an online survey. The main fitness trends for 2022 in Portugal are “Licenses (titles) for FP”, “Employ certified FP”, “Personal trainer”, “Exercise for weight loss” and Healthy lifestyle and behaviour change”. These top 5 trends are the same as those obtained in the study on trends for 2021 in Portugal. When comparing the results of fitness trends 2021 versus 2022, there were significant differences in 17 of the 42 trends. Regarding gender comparison, there were significant differences in 25 of the 42 trends. In the comparison between professionals who exercised functions and those who did not exercise functions as FP there were significant differences in 14 of the 42 trends. In the comparison between professionals with a TEF, DT or untitled title, there were differences in 16 of the 42 trends.

RESUMO O American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) publica anualmente um estudo com as tendências mundiais do fitness. Em 2021 foi publicado o primeiro estudo com as tendências do fitness em Portugal. Neste estudo foi reproduzida a metodologia do ACSM e caracterizadas as tendências do fitness em Portugal para 2022 bem como comparadas as tendências 2021 e 2022, entre géneros, exercer ou não funções enquanto profissional e possuir o título de Técnico de Exercício Físico (TEF), Diretor Técnico (DT) ou não possuir título. Responderam a um questionário online 758 profissionais/estudantes de fitness (PF). As principais tendências do fitness para 2022 em Portugal são “Licenças (títulos) para PF”, “Empregar PF certificados”, “Personal trainer”, “Exercício para perda de peso” e Estilo de vida saudável e mudança comportamental”, respetivamente. Este top 5 de tendências é o mesmo obtido no estudo do ano anterior em Portugal. Na comparação das tendências 2021 e 2022 verificou-se existirem diferenças significativas em 17 das 42 tendências. Na comparação de género existiram diferenças significativas em 25 das 42 tendências, entre os profissionais que exerciam funções e os que não exerciam funções enquanto PF existiram diferenças significativas em 14 das 42 tendências e entre TEF, DT ou Sem Título existiram diferenças significativas em 16 das 42 tendências.

RESUMO O debate social na escola é indispensável para uma educação integral, crítica e emancipadora. No entanto, sensibilizar os estudantes é essencial para abordar questões sociais de forma dialógica, diminuindo as resistências ao debate. A partir da reflexão de Grada Kilomba, do ponto de vista psíquico, sobre tais resistências, o trabalho adotou a Caminhada do Privilégio (PW) como estratégia de aproximação ao debate da desigualdade social na escola. Foram investigados: auto percepção da posição social dos estudantes, dimensões emocionais da PW, sinceridade na PW e impactos da PW na percepção dos estudantes sobre a desigualdade social. A posição final na PW se correlacionou com a auto percepção social. A magnitude das diferenças e os fatores relacionados desencadearam, de forma empática, percepções e reflexões sociais importantes.

ABSTRACT The social debate at school is essential for an integral, critical and emancipatory education. However, motivating students is essential to address social issues in a dialogic way, reducing resistance to debate. Based on Grada Kilomba’s reflection, from a psychological point of view on such resistances, this paper adopted the Privilege Walk (PW) as a strategy to approach the debate on social inequality at school. The following were investigated: self-perception of students’ social position, PW’s emotional dimensions, sincerity in PW and PW’s impacts on students’ perception about social inequality. Final position in PW correlated with social self-perception. The magnitude of the differences and the related factors empathically triggered important social perceptions and considerations.

RESUMEN Se presenta un caso de un síndrome de Haglund que cursa con dolor en retropié y se manifiesta con la tríada de tendinitis aquílea, bursitis retrocalcánea y deformidad de Haglund. Se diagnosticó clínica y radiológicamente (radiografía y ecografía) y la paciente recibió tratamiento conservador, con buena evolución.

ABSTRACT We report a case of Haglund's syndrome that presents with hindfoot pain and the triad of Achilles tendinitis, retrocalcaneal bursitis and Haglund's lesion. This was diagnosed clinically and radiologically (x-ray and ultrasound) and the patient received conservative treatment with good course.

Abstract The species Opuntia ficus-indica is affected by pests and diseases, one of the most important of these being golden spot. The latter has been reported in various countries, including Mexico. Symptoms similar to those of golden spot in O. ficus-indica have been observed in the xoconostle crop (Opuntia matudae Scheinvar, cv. Rosa). The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the causative agent that causes the symptoms, which resembled those of the disease described as golden spot in O. ficus-indica. Simple random sampling in the field (10 plots) was carried out on xoconostle plants that presented the described symptoms. Slices of diseased plant tissue were cut and placed in Petri plates with PDA medium. Compliance with Koch’s postulates showed that the isolated (one aislated) of Alternaria sp. obtained from the field samples colonized the cladodes after inoculations in the greenhouse. Through taxonomic keys, Alternaria sp. was identified as the causative microorganism. Molecular characterization of the isolated Alternaria sp. was identified as Alternaria alternata. This is the first report worldwide of Alternaria alternata as the causal agent of golden spot in a xoconostle crop.

Resumen La especie Opuntia ficus-indica es afectado por varias plagas y enfermedades, siendo una de las más importantes la mancha dorada. Ésta ha sido reportada en varios países, incluyendo México. Síntomas similares a los causados por la mancha dorada en O. ficus-indica se han observado en el cultivo de xoconostle (Opuntia matudae Scheinvar, cv. Rosa). El objetivo de este estudio fue aislar e identificar el agente causal que ocasiona en este cultivo, los síntomas que se asemejan a los de la mancha dorada en O. ficus-indica. Se realizó un muestreo (10 parcelas) simple al azar en campo sobre plantas de xoconostle que presentaban los síntomas descritos. Se realizaron cortes de tejido vegetal enfermo y se sembraron en cajas con medio PDA. El cumplimiento de los postulados de Koch demostró que el aislamiento (un aislado) de la especie obtenida de las muestras de campo, colonizó los cladodios después de las inoculaciones en el invernadero. Mediante claves taxonómicas, se identificó a Alternaria sp. como microorganismo causante. La caracterización molecular del aislado de Alternaria sp. fue identificado como Alternaria alternata. Este es el primer reporte a nivel mundial de A. alternata como el agente causante de golden spot en el cultivo de xoconostle.

Resumen El 11 de marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud, declaró la pandemia a nivel mundial por la COVID-19. Ante este escenario, los centros de información y asesoramiento toxicológico (CIAT) de América Latina comenzaron a recibir consultas por exposición/intoxicación a dióxido de cloro/clorito de sodio y sus compuestos relacionados, por desvío de uso, destinado a la prevención y/o tratamiento de la COVID-19 sin aval científico alguno ni contar con registro sanitario para ese fin. A través de la Red de Toxicología de América Latina y el Caribe (RETOXLAC), se comprobó que no eran hechos aislados, sino que se estaba produ ciendo el mismo fenómeno en toda la región y que existían antecedentes de intoxicaciones con dichos productos y alertas desde hace más de una década, con indicaciones no aprobadas, para el tratamiento de distintas patologías como SIDA, cáncer, esclerosis lateral amiotrófica ELA, malaria, autismo, entre otras, sin evidencia. Ante esta realidad, los CIAT presentan una revisión de los signos y síntomas observados según la vía de ingreso, basados en la comunicación de riesgo en salud; proponiéndose pruebas de apoyo al diagnóstico, algoritmo de tratamiento para las intoxicaciones y modelo de ficha clínica para la vigilancia epidemiológica de los casos atendidos. Recomendamos a las autoridades y organismos responsables, reforzar las acciones tendientes a la vigilancia, control y prevención de este tipo de intoxicaciones, producto del mal uso de un desinfectante no autorizado para fines terapéuticos/médicos.

Abstract On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic due to COVID-19. Faced with this sce- nario, the Poison Control Centers (CIATs for its initials in spanish) in Latin America began to receive consultations for exposure/poi- soning to chlorine dioxide/sodium chlorite and its related compounds for their use aimed to prevent or treat COVID-19 without any scientific endorsement or having a sanitary registry for that purpose. It was found through the Toxicology Network of Latin America and the Caribbean (RETOXLAC) that they were not isolated events but rather that the same phenomenon was occurring throughout the region and that there has been a history of poisoning and alerts with these products for more than a decade with unapproved indications for the treatment of different pathologies such as AIDS, cancer, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), malaria, autism, among others, without evidence. In the light of this situation, the CIATs present a review of the signs and symptoms observed ac- cording to the route of exposure based on health risk communication; proposing tests to support the diagnosis, an algorithm for poisoning treatment, and a model of a clinical record for the epidemiological surveillance of the assisted cases. We recommend to the authorities and responsible organisms reinforce the actions aimed at surveillance, control, and prevention of this type of poisoning due to the misuse of an unauthorized disinfectant for therapeutic or medical purposes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The suture line dehiscence is one of the most frequent complications in intestinal surgery. Objective: To design a predictive scale for estimating individual probability of suture line dehiscence. Methods: An analytical cohort study, which involved retrospective data collection, was carried out, in the six-year period of 2014-2019, at Celia Sánchez Manduley Hospital. The sample consisted of 437 patients. Dehiscence of the intestinal suture line was used as a dependent variable, while age, sex, comorbidity, hemoglobin, hypoalbuminemia, colon neoplasia, anesthetic risk, among others, were used as independent variables. Results: Through multivariate analysis, an adjusted model was obtained, with the following results for the variables: age over 70 years (P=0.002), hypoalbuminemia (P=0.014), enterocolic anastomosis (P=0.018), urgent surgery (P=0.001), and ileus prolonged paralytic (P<0.001). The predictive scale was derived from the adjusted statistical model and, based on the probability of dehiscence of the intestinal suture line, classified into three risk groups: low (less than two points), moderate (between 3-5 points) and high (more than six points). It presented a sensitivity of 89.6%, a specificity of 89.1%, a global predictive percentage of 89.2%, a positive predictive value of 66.1%, and a negative predictive value of 97.2%. It had an excellent calibration and a high discriminative power. Conclusion: A predictive scale was obtained for estimating the individual probability of dehiscence of the intestinal suture line.

RESUMEN Introducción: La dehiscencia de la línea de sutura es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes en la cirugía intestinal. Objetivo: Diseñar una escala predictiva para estimar de forma individual la probabilidad de dehiscencia de la línea de sutura intestinal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio, analítico, de cohorte con recogida retrospectiva de datos en el sexenio 2014-2019 en el hospital “Celia Sánchez Manduley”. La muestra fue de 437 pacientes y se usó la variable dependiente: dehiscencia de la línea de sutura intestinal y variables independientes: edad, sexo, comorbilidad, hemoglobina, hipoalbuminemia, neoplasia de colon, riesgo anestésico, entre otras. Resultados: En el análisis multivariado se obtuvo un modelo ajustado con las variables: edad mayor de 70 años (p = 0,002), hipoalbuminemia (p = 0,014), anastomosis enterocólica (p = 0,018), cirugía urgente (p = 0,001) e íleo paralítico prolongado (p < 0,001). La escala predictiva fue derivada del modelo estadístico ajustado y clasificado en 3 grupos de riesgo la probabilidad de dehiscencia de la línea de sutura intestinal: bajo (menor de 2 puntos), moderado (entre 3 y 5 puntos) y elevado (mayor de 6 puntos). Presentó una sensibilidad de 89,6 %, especificidad de 89,1 %, porciento predictivo global de 89,2 %, valor predictivo positivo de 66,1 % y valor predictivo negativo de 97,2 %. Tuvo una excelente calibración y un elevado poder discriminativo. Conclusión: Se obtuvo una escala predictiva para estimar de forma individual la probabilidad de dehiscencia de la línea de sutura intestinal.

RESUMO O VidaProFit pretende caracterizar os profissionais de fitness em Portugal, nomeadamente Diretores Técnicos e Técnicos de Exercício Físico, relativamente a variáveis sociodemográficas e à sua intervenção. Foi construído e validado um questionário que foi preenchido pelos profissionais numa plataforma online. Os dados foram recolhidos entre novembro de 2019 e março de 2020, sendo que a amostra foi constituída por 445 profissionais. Em relação à caracterização sociodemográfica os profissionais apresentam uma média de idade de 30,4 anos, experiência profissional de 8,7 anos, sendo na sua maioria solteiros, sem filhos e licenciados. As funções mais realizadas são aulas de grupo, treino personalizado e sala de exercício, respetivamente. Em relação às horas de trabalho 58% trabalha 35 horas ou mais e 42% 34 horas ou menos, apesar de 66,3% indicar que não tem outra profissão. A maioria executa funções em ginásios/health clubs, possui vínculo laboral de trabalhador independente e aufere um salário entre 631,98€ e 842,63€. Em relação à associação entre as variáveis idade, experiência profissional e o número de horas por função verificou-se que uma idade mais elevada e um maior número de anos de experiência profissional se encontram associadas significativamente com o maior número de horas de funções mais associadas a tarefas de coordenação, parecendo indicar que à medida que os profissionais têm mais idade/experiência realizam mais este tipo de funções.

ABSTRACT VidaProFit intends to characterize fitness professionals in Portugal, namely Technical Directors and Physical Exercise Technician, regarding sociodemographic variables and their intervention. A questionnaire was built and validated, and professionals respond on an online platform. Data were collected between November 2019 and March 2020, with a sample of 445 professionals. Regarding the sociodemographic characterization, the professionals have an average age of 30.4 years, professional experience of 8.7 years, and most of them are single, without children and graduates. The most performed functions are group classes, exercise room, and personal training. Regarding working hours, 58% work 35 hours or more and 42% less or 34 hours, although 66.3% indicate that they do not have another profession. Most professionals perform functions in gyms/health clubs and have a job as an independent worker with a salary between €631.98 and €842.63. Regarding the verification of the association between the variables age and professional experience and the number of hours per function, it was found that higher age and number of years of professional experience are significantly associated with the higher number of hours of more associated with coordination tasks, seeming to indicate that as professionals get older and gather experience, they perform more this type of functions.

BACKGROUND Treatment of mycoses is often ineffective, usually prolonged, and has some side effects. These facts highlight the importance of discovering new molecules to treat fungal infections. OBJECTIVES To search the Medicines for Malaria Venture COVID Box for drugs with antifungal activity. METHODS Fourteen human pathogenic fungi were tested against the 160 drugs of this collection at 1.0 µM concentration. We evaluated the ability of the drugs to impair fungal growth, their fungicidal nature, and morphological changes caused to cells. FINDINGS Thirty-four molecules (21.25%) presented antifungal activity. Seven are antifungal drugs and one is the agricultural fungicide cycloheximide. The other drugs with antifungal activity included antibiotics (n = 3), antimalarials (n = 4), antivirals (n = 2), antiparasitcs (n = 3), antitumor agents (n = 5), nervous system agents (n = 3), immunosuppressants (n = 3), antivomiting (n = 1), antiasthmatic (n = 1), and a genetic disorder agent (n = 1). Several of these drugs inhibited Histoplasma capsulatum and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis growth (15 and 20, respectively), while Fusarium solani was not affected by the drugs tested. Most drugs were fungistatic, but niclosamide presented fungicidal activity against the three dimorphic fungi tested. Cyclosporine affected morphology of Cryptococcus neoformans. MAIN CONCLUSIONS These drugs represent new alternatives to the development of more accessible and effective therapies to treat human fungal infections.