This study aimed to compare the resting energy expenditure (REE) of white and non-white severely obese Brazilian women. REE was examined in 83 severely obese Brazilian women (n = 58 white and 25 non-white) with mean (± SD) age 42.99 ± 11.35 and body mass index 46.88 ± 6.22 kg/m² who were candidates for gastric bypass surgery. Body composition was assessed by air displacement plethysmography (ADP) BOD PODÒ body composition system (Life Measurement Instruments, Concord, CA) and REE was measured, under established protocol, with an open-circuit calorimeter (Deltatrac II MBM-200, Datex-Ohmeda, Madison, WI, USA). There was no significant difference between the REE of white and non-white severely obese women (1,953 ± 273 and 1,906 ± 271 kcal/d, respectively; p = 0.48). However, when adjusted for fat free mass (MLG), REE was significantly higher in nonwhite severely obese women (difference between groups of 158.4 kcal, p < 0.01). REE in white women was positively and significantly correlated to C-reactive protein (PCR) (r = 0.418; P < 0.001) and MLG (r = 0.771; P < 0.001). In the non-white women, REE was only significantly correlated to MLG (r = 0.753; P < 0.001). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that skin color, MLG and PCR were the significant determinants of REE (R² = 0.55). This study showed that, after adjustment for MLG, non-white severely obese women have a higher REE than the white ones. The association of body composition inflammation factors and REE in severely obese Brazilian women remains to be further investigated.

El presente estudio tenía como objetivo comparar el gasto energético en reposo (GER) de mujeres brasileñas obesas severas, blancas y no blancas. Se examinó el GER en 83 mujeres brasileñas obesas severas (n = 58 blancas y 25 no blancas) con un promedio de edad (± SD) de 42,99 ± 11,35 e índice de masa corporal de 46,88 ± 6,22 kg/m², que serían sometidas a cirugía de bypass gástrico. Se evaluó la composición corporal por medio de una pletismografía por desplazamiento de aire (ADP) BOD PODÒ sistema de composición corporal (de Life Measurement Instruments, Concord, California, EE.UU.) y se evaluó el GER, de acuerdo con el protocolo establecido, con un calorímetro de circuito abierto (fabricado por Deltatrac II MBM-200, Datex-Ohmeda, Madison, Wisconsin, EE.UU.). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el GER de mujeres obesas severas blancas y no blancas (1.953 ± 273 y 1.906 ± 271 kcal/d, respectivamente; p = 0,48). Sin embargo, al ajustarse en masa libre de grasa (FFM, por sus siglas en inglés), el GER fue considerablemente superior en mujeres obesas severas no blancas (diferencia de 158,4 kcal, p < 0,01 entre los grupos). El GER de las mujeres blancas mostró una correlación positiva y significativa con la proteína C-reactiva (CRP) (r = 0,418; P < 0,001) y FFM (r = 0,771; P < 0,001). En las mujeres no blancas, el GER mostró una correlación positiva sólo con FFM (r = 0,753; P < 0,001). El análisis de regresión lineal múltiple arrojó que el color de la piel, FFM y CRP eran factores significativamente determinantes de GER (R² = 0,55). El presente estudio reveló que, después de realizar el ajuste para FFM, las mujeres obesas severas no blancas tienen un GER superior al de las blancas. La asociación entre los factores de inflamación de la composición corporal y el GER en mujeres brasileñas obesas severas es un tema que se debe seguir investigando.

O ácido E-licnofórico 1, seus derivados éster 2 e o álcool 3 eliminaram 100% das formas tripomastigota de Trypanosoma cruzi nas concentrações de 13,86, 5,68 e 6,48 µg/mL, respectivamente. Cálculos (AM1) de distribuição conformacional de 1, 2 e 3 resultaram somente em quatro confôrmeros a, b, c e d como mínimos de energia, que diferem entre si apenas na geometria do anel ciclononeno. Cálculos (DFT/BLYP/6-31G*) de otimização de geometria e de propriedades químicas foram realizados para os confôrmeros de 1, 2 e 3. Esses resultados teóricos foram comparados numericamente com os resultados de atividade tripanossomicida. Valores calculados de densidade eletrônica e cargas atômicas, população orbital e freqüências vibracionais mostraram que o sistema pi-endocíclico (C-4 e C-5) não é um sítio determinante dessa atividade. Entretanto, a estrutura do grupo oxigenado influencia fortemente o potencial de outros sítios do esqueleto cariofilênico. Assim, os cálculos sugerem que o sistema pi-exocíclico (C-8 e C-14) e os carbonos C-1 e C-9 promovem a atividade tripanossomicida dessas substâncias.

E-Lychnophoric acid 1, its derivative ester 2 and alcohol 3 killed 100% of trypomastigote blood forms of Trypanosoma cruzi at the concentrations of 13.86, 5.68, and 6.48 µg/mL, respectively. Conformational distribution calculations (AM1) of 1, 2 and 3 gave minimum energies for the conformers a, b, c, and d, which differ from each other only in the cyclononene ring geometry. Calculations (DFT/BLYP/6-31G*) of geometry optimization and chemical properties were performed for conformers of 1, 2, and 3. The theoretical results were numerically compared to the trypanocidal activity. Calculated values of atomic charge, orbital population, and vibrational frequencies showed that the C-4-C-5 pi-endocyclic bond does not affect the trypanocidal activity of the studied compounds. Nevertheless, the structure of the group at C-4 strongly influences the activity. However, the theoretical results indicated that the intra-ring (C-1 and C-9) and pi-exocycle (C-8 and C-14) carbons of caryophyllene-type structures promote the trypanocidal activity of these compounds.

O estudo químico das partes aéreas do extrato hexânico de Lychnophora pinaster forneceu, além de outras substâncias, o isômero E do ácido licnofórico, um sesquiterpeno anteriormente isolado de L. affinis.

The investigation of the hexane extract from aerial parts of Lychnophora pinaster provided, besides others substances, the E-isomer of lychnophoric acid, a sesquiterpene derivative previously isolated from L. affinis.

As lactonas sesquiterpênicas licnofólido (1) e eremantólido C (2) e alguns derivados: 1 ,2 -epóxieremantólido C (3), 1 β -hidróxi-2,3-diidroeremantólido C (4), 3 - hidróxieremantólido C (5), cloreto de 4,5-diidroeremantólido-5-n-propilamônio (6) e 1 β -hidróxi- 2,3-diidrolicnofólido (7) foram testadas contra as bactérias Enterococus faecalis S48, Bacillus subtilis CECT 397, Staphylococus aureus ATCC 8, Salmonella typhymurium LT2, Escherichia coli U9 e Proteus sp. Os compostos 1, 4, 5 e 7 apresentaram atividade antibacteriana.

Sesquiterpene lactones lychnopholide (1) and eremantholide C (2) and some derivatives: 1 ,2 -epoxyeremantholide C (3), 1 β -hidroxy-2,3-dihydroeremantolide C (4), 3 -hydroxyeremantholide C (5), 5-n- propylamonium- 4,5-dihydroeremantholide C chloride (6) and 1 β -hydroxy-2,3- dihydrolychnopholide (7) were tested against Enterococus faecalis S48, Bacillus subtilis CECT 397, Staphylococus aureus ATCC 8, Salmonella typhymurium LT2, Escherichia coli U9 e Proteus sp. Compounds 1, 4, 5 and 7 showed activity.

Do extrato hexânico das raízes de Zeyheria montana M., uma Bignoniácea conhecida como bolsa‑de‑pastor, empregada popularmente contra doenças de pele, foram isolados os seguintes compostos: lapachol, α‑lapachona, desidro‑α‑lapachona, 4‑hidróxi-α‑lapachona, β‑sitosterol, ácido esteárico e uma mistura de ácidos graxos. Estas substancias foram identificadas por métodos espectrométricos usuais e/ou comparação com amostras autênticas. No cromatograma do extrato etanólico, obtido por CLAE, foram identificados os picos correspondentes às naftoquinonas isoladas e ao ácido esteárico. A ocorrência de naftoquinonas nas raizes de Z. montana e a atividade antimicrobiana comprovada para o lapachol e a α‑lapachona justificam o uso popular desta espécie.

Zeyheria montana M. (Bignoniaceae) is a widespread species in the Cerrado area of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and is popularly known as bolsa‑de‑pastor. In the Brazilian tradicional medicine its roots are used for the treatment of skin diseases. Several species of Bignoniaceae contain naphthoquinones, and lapachol was previously reported in the stem wood of Z. digitalis. This paper describes the isolation of three naphtoquinones from Z. montana stem barks, namely α‑lapachone, dehydro‑α‑lapachone and 4‑hydroxy‑α‑lapachone, besides lapachol, stearic acid and β‑sitosterol. Furthermore, we report the HPLC fingerprint for the species, which allowed the identification of the isolated compounds, except β‑sitosterol. Since the in vitro antimicrobial activity of lapachol and α‑lapachone has been previously described, the presence of these naphthoquinones in the roots of Z. montana corroborates its popular use for the treatment of skin diseases.