Abstract Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is one of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), which is an important signaling molecule with effects on blood vessels, leukocytes, and bone cells. However, the role of iNOS in alveolar bone healing remains unclear. This study investigated the role of iNOS in alveolar bone healing after tooth extraction in mice. Methodology C57Bl/6 wild type (WT) and iNOS genetically deficient (iNOS-KO) mice were subjected to upper incision tooth extraction, and alveolar bone healing was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histological/histomorphometric, birefringence, and molecular methods. Results The expression of iNOS had very low control conditions, whereas a significant increase is observed in healing sites of WT mice, where iNOS mRNA levels peak at 7d time point, followed by a relative decrease at 14d and 21d. Regarding bone healing, both WT and iNOS-KO groups showed the usual phases characterized by the presence of clots, granulation tissue development along the inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis, proliferation of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix synthesis, bone neoformation, and remodeling. The overall micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric and birefringence analyses showed similar bone healing readouts when WT and iNOS-KO strains are compared. Likewise, Real-Time PCR array analysis shows an overall similar gene expression pattern (including bone formation, bone resorption, and inflammatory and immunological markers) in healing sites of WT and iNOS-KO mice. Moreover, molecular analysis shows that nNOS and eNOS were significantly upregulated in the iNOS-KO group, suggesting that other NOS isoforms could compensate the absence of iNOS. Conclusion The absence of iNOS does not result in a significant modulation of bone healing readouts in iNOS-KO mice. The upregulation of nNOS and eNOS may compensate iNOS absence, explaining the similar bone healing outcome in WT and iNOS-KO strains.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Elderly men have been characterized as a group vulnerable to suicide, motivated by loneliness, loss of loved ones and feelings of uselessness to family members. OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the prevalence of different mental disorders among elderly men who attempted suicide. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of observational studies developed as a result of a partnership between two postgraduate schools (Lagarto and Uberlândia). METHODS: An electronic search was performed in eight electronic databases, including “grey literature”, in January 2019. Observational studies that assessed mental disorders among men older than 60 years who attempted suicide were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS: Among the disorders evaluated, mood disorders had the highest prevalence (42.0%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 31.0-74.0%; I2: 0.0%; P = 0.763), followed by substance use-related disorders (41.0%; 95% CI: 8.0-74.0%; I2: 96.4; P < 0.001) and, lastly, schizophrenic disorders (5.0%; 95% CI: 0.0%-14.0%; I2: 80.3%; P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: It seems that mood disorders and substance use-related disorders are quite prevalent among elderly men with mental disorders who attempted suicide. It is important to consider the role of healthcare services in making early diagnoses of mental disorders among elderly men, in order to diminish the chances of suicide attempts among them. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: CRD42018105981.

Pacientes em tratamento ortodôntico apresentam restaurações provisórias com frequência. No entanto, poucos estudos avaliam a influência dos adesivos na resistência ao cisalhamento dos bráquetes nessas superfícies. A resina acrílica é comumente indicada para colagem de bráquetes, porém o uso do cianoacrilato como adesivo ortodôntico é uma opção analisada. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho do cianoacrilato associado aos materiais comumente utilizados para a fixação de bráquetes metálicos em restaurações provisórias de resina acrílica. Quarenta amostras em resina acrílica foram preparadas e as superfícies homogeinizadas com lixas de carboneto de silício (320 e 600). Em seguida, as amostras foram divididas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=10) com base no tratamento de superfície e agente de união: G1 - bráquetes colados com resina acrílica; G2 - bráquetes colados com resina acrílica e aplicação de cianoacrilato; G3 - bráquetes colados com Transbond(tm) XT; G4 - bráquetes colados com Transbond(tm) XT e aplicação de cianoacrilato. Foram utilizados bráquetes ortodônticos de aço inoxidável, prescrição Roth, Kirium (3M/Abzil) para incisivos centrais superiores direitos, slot 022. Após colagem, as amostras foram submetidas ao teste de cisalhamento a uma velocidade de 0,5mm/min em uma máquina de ensaios universal (EMIC DL-1000). Os dados foram coletados e submetidos à análise estatística pelo teste ANOVA com nível de significância de 5%. A associação de resina acrílica ao cianoacrilato (G2) resultou na maior resistência ao cisalhamento (13,76 MPa), mas não significativa em comparação aos valores obtidos para a resina acrílica (G1= 7,76 MPa). O mesmo pôde ser observado para a associação Transbond(tm) XT e cianoacrilato (G4= 4,03 MPa) em relação a utilização da Transbond(tm) XT de forma isolada (G3= 3,87 MPa) e resina acrílica. O tratamento de superfície tem efeito significativo na resistência da união dos bráquetes colados aos materiais provisórios. A associação de cianoacrilato ao monômero de metilmetacrilato apresentou maior resistência ao cisalhamento, sendo mais indicada clinicamente.

Patients in orthodontic treatments frequently present composite restorations. However, few studies evaluated the influence of bonding materials within braces shearing bond strength on composite surfaces. The acrylic resin became the recommended material for bonding brackets on these surfaces; however the use of cyanoacrylate emerged as a potential option. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of cyanoacrylate associated with orthodontic materials commonly used for the fixation of metallic braces on temporary restorations of acrylic resin. Forty samples were prepared with acrylic resin and homogenized with silicon carbide sand paper (320 and 600). The samples were randomly divided in four groups (n=10) based on the material treatment and bonding agent: G1 - braces bonded with acrylic resin; G2 - braces bonded with acrylic resin combined with application of cyanoacrylate; G3 - braces bonded with Transbond(tm) XT; G4 - braces bonded with Transbond(tm) XT combined with application of cyanoacrylate. Only stainless steel braces were used, prescription Roth, Kirium (3M/Abzil) designed for maxillary right central incisors, slot 022. After bonding, the sample underwent shearing tests at 0.5mm/min within a standard testing device (EMIC DL-1000). Statistical data consisted of ANOVA with significance level set at 5%. Group 2 (G2) reached major shearing strength (13.76 MPa). However, it was not statistically significant in face of the outcomes of Group 1 (G1) (G1= 7.76 MPa). The same was observed for the association of Transbond(tm) XT and cyanoacrylate (G4= 4.03MPa) compared with isolated Transbond(tm) XT (G3= 3.87 MPa) and acrylic resin. Surface treatment of orthodontic material revealed a significant effect on shearing strength of temporary materials. The association between cyanoacrylate with monomer of methyl methacrylate presented major shearing strength, becoming more indicated for clinical interventions.

Objective A study was conducted to investigate the possible influence of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) IL-10-592 C/A on the occurrence and load of the periodontal pathogens: P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticolaand A. Actinomycetemcomitans; as well to investigate the influence of microbial and genetic factors on the modulation of local IL-10 mRNA levels. Methodology The study included 117 cases and 58 controls. After clinical examination microbiological samples were obtained and the detection/quantification of the target bacterial species was performed by RT-PCR. SNP rs1800872 was assayed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results Allele distribution of rs1800872 was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P = 64). As previously reported, polymorphic subjects demonstrated decreased IL-10 expression and increased risk of suffering chronic periodontitis. IL-10-592C/A rs1800872 SNP was not associated with the detection or the bacterial load of the investigated pathogens. Moreover, the presence/load of bacteria at periodontal sites did not influence IL-10 expression, which was determined by the genetic background of the study subjects. IL-10-592C/A SNP was not associated with detection/bacterial load of pathogenic bacteria. IL-10 expression levels were determined by the genetic background and were independent of the bacterial microenvironment.

Objetivo Reportamos la asociación entre el polimorfismo de nucleótido simple de IL-10-592C/A (rs1800872) y la detección/abundancia relativa de los periodontopatógenos Porfiromonas gingivalis, Tenerella forsythia, Treponema denticola y Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Además investigamos la influencia de los determinantes genéticos y microbiológicos en los niveles de expresión de IL-10 en lesiones periodontales. Metodología Fueron reclutados 117 pacientes con periodontitis crónica y 58 controles. Luego del examen clínico fueron obtenidas muestras microbiológicas y la presencia/carga bacteriana de especies de periodontopatógenos fue cuantificada por RT-PCR. El genotipo para IL-10-592C/A fue determinado mediante restriction fragment length polymorphism. Resultados La distribución alélica del SNP rs1800872 en la población investigada cumplió con el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg (p = 0,64). Como ya ha sido reportado, los sujetos polimórficos demostraron menor expresión de IL-10 y riesgo aumentado de sufrir periodontitis crónica. El polimorfismo IL-10-592C/A no demostró relación con la detección o carga bacteriana de ninguna de las bacterias investigadas, además los niveles de expresión de IL-10 no fueron influenciados por el perfil microbiológico, sino que se correlacionaron directamente con el genotipo para el polimorfismo IL-10-592C/A.

Periodontitis comprises a group of multifactorial diseases in which periodontopathogens accumulate in dental plaque and trigger host chronic inflammatory and immune responses against periodontal structures, which are determinant to the disease outcome. Although unusual cases of non-inflammatory destructive periodontal disease (NIDPD) are described, their pathogenesis remains unknown. A unique NIDPD case was investigated by clinical, microbiological, immunological and genetic tools. The patient, a non-smoking dental surgeon with excessive oral hygiene practice, presented a generalized bone resorption and tooth mobility, but not gingival inflammation or occlusion problems. No hematological, immunological or endocrine alterations were found. No periodontopathogens (A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum and T. denticola) or viruses (HCMV, EBV-1 and HSV-1) were detected, along with levels of IL-1β and TNF-a in GCF compatible with healthy tissues. Conversely ALP, ACP and RANKL GCF levels were similar to diseased periodontal sites. Genetic investigation demonstrated that the patient carried some SNPs, as well HLA-DR4 (*0404) and HLA-B27 alleles, considered risk factors for bone loss. Then, a less vigorous and diminished frequency of toothbrushing was recommended to the patient, resulting in the arrest of alveolar bone loss, associated with the return of ALP, ACP and RANKL in GCF to normality levels. In conclusion, the unusual case presented here is compatible with the previous description of NIDPD, and the results that a possible combination of excessive force and frequency of mechanical stimulation with a potentially bone loss prone genotype could result in the alveolar bone loss seen in NIDPD.