Resumo O rúmen é o órgão mais estudado no que se refere à interação simbiótica entre hospedeiro e a microbiota do trato digestivo dos ruminantes. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de virginiamicina e de salinomicina ao suplemento para bovinos de corte com dieta de gramínea tropical no período das águas. Foram constituídos três tratamentos: controle - suplemento mineral COMIGO - Cria 61 - F2 (SM); virginiamicina - SM + virginiamicina (Phigrow(r)) 100 mg/animal/dia; salinomicina - SM + salinomicina (Posistac(r)) 108 mg/animal/dia, para o experimento 1 (desempenho) e experimento 2 (metabolismo ruminal). O controle apresentou maior CSM (P<0,05), o virginiamicina maior GMD (P>0,05) e melhor eficiência financeira. As medidas biométricas não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,05), sugerindo que haja uma mudança na composição do GMD. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) para DISMS, DISFDA, pH ruminal e N- amoniacal. A virginiamicina apresentou as maiores degradabilidade efetiva da FDN (P>0,05) nas taxas de passagem de 2 e 5%, e semelhante ao controle e maior que salinomicina na taxa de 8%/hora. A virginiamicina ou a salinomicina, podem ser veiculados ao SM, contudo não promovem efeitos significativos no pH ruminal, no N-amoniacal, na DISMS e da DISFDA, mas a virginiamicina promoveu maior degradabilidade efetiva da FDN.

Abstract The rumen is the most studied organ with regard to the symbiotic interaction between host and microbiota in the digestive tract of ruminants. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the effects of including virginiamycin and salinomycin to the supplement for cattle fed tropical grass diet during the rainy season. Three treatments were set: control - mineral supplement COMIGO - Cria 61-F2 (MS); virginiamycin - MS + virginiamycin (Phigrow (r)) 100 mg/animal/day; salinomycin - MS + salinomycin (Posistac(r)) 108 mg/animal/day for the experiment 1 (performance) and experiment 2 (ruminal metabolism). The control showed higher Mineral supplement intake (MSI) (P <0.05), the virginiamycin had higher average daily gain (ADG) (P> 0.05) and better financial efficiency. Biometric measurements showed no differences (P> 0.05), suggesting a change in the ADG composition. There was no difference (P> 0.05) for dry matter digestibility (DMDIS), acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFDIS), ruminal pH and ammoniacal-N. The virginiamycin had the highest effective neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability (P> 0.05) in the passage rates of 2 and 5%; the degradability rates were similar to control treatement and higher than that of salinomycin at the rate of 8%/hour. The virginiamycin or salinomycin can be conveyed to the MS, but do not promote significant effects on ruminal pH, ammoniacal-N, DMDIS and ADFDIS; but virginiamycin promoted greater effective degradability of NDF.

We conducted a cross-sectional, hospital-based study between January 2006-March 2008 to estimate the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to first-line drugs in patients with tuberculosis at a Brazilian hospital. We evaluated the performance of the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) microplate assay compared with the Bactec-MGIT 960™ system for mycobacteria testing. The prevalence of resistance in M. tuberculosis was 6.7%. Multidrug-resistance [resistance to rifampicin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH)], INH-resistance and streptomycin (SM)-resistance accounted for 1%, 3.8% and 3.8% of all resistance, respectively, and all isolates were susceptible to ethambutol (EM). The resistance was primary in four cases and acquired in three cases and previous treatment was associated with resistance (p = 0.0129). Among the 119 M. tuberculosis isolates, complete concordance of the results for INH and EM was observed between the MTT microplate and Bactec-MGIT 960TM methods. The observed agreement for RMP was 99% (sensitivity: 90%) and 95.8% for SM (sensitivity 90.9%), lower than those for other drugs. The MTT colourimetric method is an accurate, simple and low-cost alternative in settings with limited resources.

CONTEXTO: A hidroterapia é utilizada para tratar doenças reumáticas, ortopédicas e neurológicas. Na atualidade, é alvo de investigações na recuperação do equilíbrio em idosos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito de um programa de hidroterapia no equilíbrio e no risco de quedas em idosas. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental antes/depois sem grupo controle. Foram avaliadas 25 idosas por meio de duas escalas, a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg e Timed Up & Go. Posteriormente, foram submetidas a um programa de hidroterapia para equilíbrio, de baixa a moderada intensidade, que consistiu de três fases: fase de adaptação ao meio aquático, fase de alongamento e fase de exercícios estáticos e dinâmicos para equilíbrio. O programa foi aplicado durante 12 semanas, sendo duas sessões semanais com 40 minutos de duração cada sessão. As idosas foram reavaliadas após a sexta e a 12ª semanas do programa de hidroterapia. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste t, para amostras pareadas, e pelo teste de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: A hidroterapia promoveu aumento significativo do equilíbrio das idosas, avaliado por meio da Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (p< 0,001) e teste Timed Up & Go (p< 0,001), e ainda, redução do risco de quedas (p< 0,001), de acordo com o modelo de Shumway-Cook et al. CONCLUSÕES: Pode-se sugerir que este programa de hidroterapia para equilíbrio aumentou o equilíbrio e reduziu o risco de quedas nas idosas.

BACKGROUND: Hydrotherapy is used to treat rheumatic, orthopedic and neurological disorders. It has been the subject of investigations regarding balance recovery in elderly people. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a hydrotherapy program for balance, in relation to the risk of falls in elderly women. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental before/after study without a control group. Twenty-five elderly women were evaluated using two scales: the Berg Balance Scale and Timed Up & Go. The subjects underwent, subsequently, a low to moderate intensity hydrotherapy program for balance, which consisted of three phases: a phase of adaptation to the aquatic environment, a stretching phase and a phase of static and dynamic balance exercises. The program was applied for 12 weeks, with two sessions per week, each session lasting 40 minutes. The elderly women were reassessed after the sixth and twelfth weeks of the hydrotherapy program. The data were analyzed statistically by means of Student's t test for paired samples and the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: Hydrotherapy promoted significant increases in the elderly women's balance, as assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (p< 0.001) and the Timed Up & Go test (p< 0.001). There was also a reduction of the scores in a scale of risk of falls (p< 0.001), according to the model of Shumway-Cook et al. CONCLUSIONS: It can be suggested that this hydrotherapy program for balance gave rise to an increase in balance and a possible reduction in the risk of falls among these aged women.

Este trabalho foi conduzido para avaliar a digestibilidade "in vivo" dos nutrientes dos cultivares de amoreira FM 86 e FM SM nas idades de crescimento de 45 e 90 dias. Foram utilizados 8 caprinos machos, da raça Saanen, com 6 meses de idade e peso vivo médio de 26kg. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 X 2 (2 cultivares de amoreira e 2 idades de crescimento). O coeficiente de digestibilidade da FDN do cultivar FM 86 (74,82 %) superou o cultivar FM SM (69,36 %), não ocorrendo diferença significativa entre as idades de crescimento. Ocorreu interação significativa entre cultivar e idade de crescimento para o Coeficiente de Digestibilidade da FDA, e o cultivar FM 86 na idade de 45 dias (75,09 %) superou a de 90 dias (68,82 %). Para os parâmetros NDT e oeficientes de digestibilidade da energia, MS e PB, verificou-se superioridade da idade de corte de 45 dias, sem diferença entre os cultivares. Concluiu-se que os cultivares FM 86 e FM SM apresentaram excelente valor energético e altos coeficientes de digestibilidade da MS, da PB e dos constituintes da parede celular, indicando um elevado potencial da amoreira como forrageira para caprinos.

This work was carried out for evaluating in vivo digestibility of nutrients from FM 86 and FM SM cultivars of mulberry at two growth ages, 45 and 90 days. Eight Saanen male goats being six month-old and 26kg of live weight were used. Experimental design was completely randomized factorial 2 x 2 (two mulberry cultivars and two growth ages). The NDF digestibility coefficient of FM 86 cultivar (74.82%) was higher than the FM SM (69.36%) and there was not statiscal difference between their growth ages. In relation to ADF digestibility coefficient, there was significant interaction between cultivars and growth ages. FM 86 cultivar with 45 day-old showed ADF digestibility coefficient higher (75.09%) than that with 90 day-old (68.82%). Considering NDT and energy, DM and CP digestibility coefficients, it was observed the superiority of plants with 45 day-old, independently of the cultivar. It was concluded that FM 86 and FM SM cultivars showed great energetic values and high DM, CP and cellular wall constituents digestibility coefficients which indicated the elevated power of mulberry for using as forage in goat nutrition.