Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide, and breast cancer is the most prevalent and deadly type among women. Despite the side effects and the phenomena of chemoresistance associated with the drugs involved, chemotherapy remains the main therapeutic strategy to combat and control breast cancer. Therefore, several new classes of compounds against breast cancer have been explored, in an effort to identify new drug candidates with alternative mechanisms of action. The principal results of such exploration, focusing on caged xanthones, thiosemicarbazones and photosensitizers, are presented in this review, along with the main aspects of the drug discovery process against breast cancer. More specifically, the design, structure-activity relationship investigations and anti-breast cancer properties of these three classes are described and discussed in this work. worldwide women involved Therefore explored action exploration xanthones photosensitizers review specifically design structureactivity structure activity antibreast anti work

Circular chemistry (CC) is an approach for establishing chemical processes to become truly circular and sustainable. It adopts the principles of circular economy (CE), employing life cycle approaches and systems thinking, which help to understand and address the sustainability issues of chemical processes and products. Within this whole context, it is possible to identify some problems of the current lifestyle, such as plastic waste disposal, CO2 emission, e-waste, among others, which need to be addressed accordingly. The reuse provided, well-structured within the context of circular chemistry, can bring benefits in all spheres: social, environmental and economic. Thus, the purpose of this revision is to present CE and CC as the pillars for a sustainable development, bringing discussions about: CE and CC systems; sustainable chemistry; and chemistry 4.0, which embeds digitization, sustainability, and circular economy in industrial chemical processes. Through the knowledge of chemistry, both CC and CE can contribute with innovative methods and processes which maximize benefits, eliminating, or, at least, reducing adverse impacts, thus contributing to construct a mutually beneficial relationship between science and society, its surroundings, and the environment. Therefore, implementing this new model is an opportunity that challenges the human imagination in building a better world.

The crescent number of scientific articles published per year shows that research on biodiesel continues to play an important role to support the growing demand for this biofuel. The second edition of Biodiesel: An Overview presents the worldwide research in the last 15 years. Microalgae biomass is the most studied raw material alternative in this period and several studies have been carried out to develop basic heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. Concerning to production technologies, supercritical conditions and intensification process have been extensively investigated. The development of new antioxidants additives has focused mainly on biomass-derived formulations and there are few studies on biocide candidates. In terms of pollutant emissions, in general, the studies showed that the addition of biodiesel generates lower concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), CO and n-alkanes pollutants, but carbonyl compounds, major ions and NOx are emitted in a higher concentration compared to pure diesel.

Catalisadores a base de argilas naturais brasileiras foram preparados, caracterizados, e sua atividade catalítica foi avaliada em reações de esterificação. As argilas naturais foram ativadas por tratamento ácido como recebidas, sem qualquer tratamento prévio. As argilas naturais e as argilas ácidas foram caracterizadas por DRX, TPD-NH3, termodessorção de n-butilamina, análise de adsorção de N2, FT-IR, TGA e DTA. O desempenho catalítico foi investigado em reações de esterificação de diversos ácidos carboxílicos com diferentes álcoois. As reações foram realizadas com razão molar ácido carboxílico/álcool 1:3, a 100 ºC e pressão atmosférica, por 3 h. As argilas ácidas forneceram boas conversões e apresentaram desempenho melhor que a argila comercial K10.

Natural Brazilian clay-based catalysts were prepared, characterised, and their catalytic activity was assessed in esterification reactions. The natural clays were acid activated as received, without any previous treatment. Both natural and acid-activated clays were characterised by XRD, NH3-TPD, thermodesorption of n-butylamine, N2 adsorption analysis, FT-IR, TGA and DTA. The catalytic performance was investigated in the esterification of several carboxylic acids with different alcohols. The reactions were carried out in a 1:3 carboxylic acid/alcohol molar ratio at 100 ºC and atmospheric pressure for 3 h. The acid-activated clays provided good yields and better performance than commercial clay K10.

RESUMO O presente trabalho, desenvolvido na Reserva Genética Florestal Tamanduá, DF, teve como objetivo efetuar o levantamento fitossociológico, composição florística e distribuição espacial dos indivíduos das espécies arbóreas ocorrentes no sub-bosque da Reserva, focalizando Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) O. Kuntze, Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J. F.Macbr., Copaifera langsdorffii Desf., Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan, Virola sebifera Aubl., Hymenaea courbaril var. stilbocarpa (Hayne) Lee & Lang., Aspidosperma discolor A. St. Hil., Astronium fraxinifolium Schott e Schefflera morototoni B. Maguire, Stey. & Frodin, consideradas prioritárias para conservação in situ. Foram utilizados cinco transectos com 10 m de largura cada, alocados eqüidistantes e de comprimento variável, demarcados perpendicularmente ao curso da drenagem principal. Foram encontrados 21.482 regenerantes ha-1 em 69 espécies vegetais, 53 gêneros e 39 famílias botânicas. Em número de espécies, as famílias que mais se destacaram entre os regenerantes foram, em ordem decrescente, Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae e Meliaceae. Entre os jovens, as famílias com maiores valor de importância (VI) foram pela ordem Meliaceae (32,78 %), Rubiceae (13,92 %), Burseraceae (13,76 %), Rutaceae (8,54 %) e Hippocrateaceae (6,36), totalizando 75,36 % de valor de importância e 78,56 % de valor de cobertura. Todas as espécies objeto deste trabalho ocorreram entre os regenerantes, destacandose Cariniana estrellensis, porém, apenas Copaifera lagsdorffii e Virola sebifera ocorreram entre os indivíduos jovens. O quociente de mistura de 1:3 indicou tratar-se de uma mata rica em espécies, comparativamente a outros tipos florestais. A distribuição espacial dos regenerantes das espécies em questão mostrou padrões diferenciados.

ABSTRACT This work was carried out in the Tamanduá Forest Genetic Reserve, in Brasília, Brazil, comprised mainly by gallery forest. It aimed to assess the floristic composition, natural regeneration and the spatial distribution of the main woody species in the undergrowth. The species were Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) O. Kuntze, Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J. F.Macbr., Copaifera langsdorffii Desf., Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan, Virola sebifera Aubl., Hymenaea courbaril var. stilbocarpa (Hayne) Lee & Lang., Aspidosperma discolor A. St. Hil., Astronium fraxinifolium Schott and Schefflera morototoni B. Maguire, Stey. & Frodin, all considered priorities for in situ conservation. Five transects were used, each 10 meters wide, laid perpendicular to the main watercourse in the studied area. A total of 21,482 regenerants per hectare were found in 69 species, 53 genera and 39 families. The families which had the largest numbers of species as seedlings were, in descending order, Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae and Meliaceae. Surveying of young individuals, the dominant families with higher importance value (IV) were as follows: Meliaceae (32.78 %), Rubiaceae (13.92 %), Burseraceae (13.76 %), Rutaceae (8.54 %) and Hippocrateaceae (6.36 %), accounting for 75.36 % of total IV and 78.56 % of cover. All target species studied were represented among regenerants, especially Cariniana estrelllensis. However, only Copaifera langsdorffii and Virola sebifera were found among young individuals. A mixture quotient of 1:3 was calculated and indicates a forest rich in species, when compared to other similar forest formations. The spatial distribution of the regenerant species showed different patterns.

Por meio da morfologia do perfil e de análises físicas, tais como textura, densidade de partículas e do solo, distribuição do tamanho dos poros, retenção e armazenamento de água e capacidade de campo determinada "in situ", avaliou-se o comportamento de um Latossolo Amarelo, localizado em Cruz das Almas (BA), submetido à prática da irrigação. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que os horizontes AB e BA são bastante coesos, principalmente quando secos, e constituem forte impedimento mecânico ao crescimento radicular e à livre movimentação do ar e da água. Tendo em vista a presença de camadas coesas, o conceito clássico de capacidade de campo não se aplica ao solo em questão e, além disso, verificou-se que os teores de água no solo em equilíbrio com os potenciais de -10 e -33 kPa, obtidos em laboratório com amostras deformadas, não representam devidamente o limite superior de água disponível nas condições de campo. Para calcular a faixa de água disponível, são indicados valores de potencial da água no solo, de acordo com os horizontes. Recomendam-se estudos específicos à origem da coesão observada, utilização de plantas ou implementos agrícolas capazes de romper a barreira física imposta pelos horizontes coesos.

Through profile morphology and physical analysis (texture, bulk and particle densities, pore size distribution, water storage and retention, and field capacity determined "in situ"), the behavior of a yellow Latosol located in Cruz das Almas (BA), Brazil, was studied when subjected to irrigation. The results made showed that the AB and BA horizons were hard (cohesion), mainly when dry, becoming a strong mechanic impediment fot root growth , aeration and water movement; due to the presence of the hard layer, the classic concept of field capacity was not applicable. Soil water contents in balance with potentials of -10 to -33 kPa and estimated in the laboratory using disturbed samples do not precisely represent the superior available water limit under field conditions. To calculate the available water range, water potential values were chosen in accordance to the horizons. Specific studies about the origin the observed cohesion, the choice of plants and agricultural machinery to break the physical barrier imposed by hard layers and improvement of soil drainage are recommended.

Sinopse A maior parte das espécies de Aniba (Lauraceae) se encontra na Amazônia. São representadas por árvores que contêm óleo essencial em todos os seus órgãos. Os óleos dos diferentes órgãos de qualquer espécie mostram somente uma pequena variação em sua composição. Em contrapartida, pode ser notada uma variação tão surpreendentemente drástica entre espécies diferentes que podem ser classificadas em grupos. O grupo linalol compreende A. duckei Kosterm. e A. rosaeodora Ducke. O grupo benzoato de benzilo compreende A. burchellii Kosterm., A. firmula (Nees & Mart.) Mez., A. fragrans Ducke, A. gardneri (Meissn.) Mez, A. guianensis Aubl., A. parviflora (Meissn.) Mez. e A. permollis (Nees) Mez. O grupo alilbenzeno compreende A. canelilla (H.B.K.) Mez., A. hostmanniana (Nees) Mez e A. pseudocoto (Rusby) Kosterm. A análise detalhada revelou a presença, em alguns destes óleos ,de produtos raros de plantas como l-nitro-2feniletano, benzoato de feniletilo O-metilisoeugenol e 2, 4, 5-trimetoxialilbenzeno.

Summary Most Aniba (Lauraceae) species occur in Amazonia. They are represented by trees which contain essential oil in all of their organs. Oils from different organs of any species show little variation in composition. In contradistinction, such surprisingly drastic variation may be noted among different species, that they can be classified into groups. The linalool — group comprises A. duckei Kosterm. and A. rosaeodora Ducke. The benzyl benzoate — group comprises A. burchellii Kosterm., A. firmula (Nees et Mart.) Mez., A. fragrans Ducke, A. gardneri (Meissn.) Mez, A. guianensis Aubl., A. parviflora (Meissn.) Mez and A. permollis (Nees) Mez. The allylbenzene — group comprises A. canelilla (H.B.K.) Mez. A. hostmanniana (Nees) Mez and A. pseudocoto (Rusby) Kosterm. Detailed analysis revealed the presence in some of these oils of such rare plant products as l-nitro-2-phenylethane, phenylathyl benzoate, O-methylisoeugenol and 2, 4, 5-trimethoxyallylbenzene.