RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar morfometricamente a mucosa ruminal e as características do líquido ruminal de ovinos Santa Inês alimentados com diferentes níveis de palma forrageira como substituta do feno de capim-Tifton. Um total de 32 ovinos, machos inteiros, da raça Santa Inês, com aproximadamente 180 dias de idade e peso médio de 32,0±1,6kg, foi estudado em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições. As medidas morfométricas avaliadas no epitélio ruminal (altura e área superficial da papila) foram significativamente afetadas (P<0,05) pela suplementação da dieta com palma forrageira, e esses efeitos mostraram tendências lineares crescentes. As avaliações do fluido ruminal também mostraram um efeito linear crescente significativo (P<0,05) para a amônia e um efeito quadrático para a proteína microbiana. A inclusão de palma forrageira na dieta de ovinos afeta a morfologia do epitélio ruminal, englobando a altura e a área da papila, e favorece o processo de absorção no rúmen. A dieta contendo níveis mais altos de palma forrageira levou à produção máxima de proteína microbiana. Esses resultados caracterizam a palma forrageira como uma alternativa viável para a alimentação de ovelhas durante períodos de seca, quando a fonte típica de alimento é escassa.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to morphometrically evaluate the ruminal mucosa and ruminal fluid characteristics of Santa Inês sheep fed different levels of spineless cactus as a replacement for Tifton grass hay. A total of 32 intact male Santa Inês sheep, approximately 180 days old and with a mean weight of 32.0±1.6kg, were studied in a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight replicates. The morphometric measurements evaluated in the ruminal epithelium (papilla height and surface area) were significantly affected (P< 0.05) by supplementation of the diet with spineless cactus, and these effects showed increasing linear trends. Evaluations of the ruminal fluid also showed a significant increasing linear effect (P< 0.05) for ammonia and a quadratic effect for microbial protein. The inclusion of spineless cactus in the sheep diet affects the ruminal epithelium morphology, including the papilla height and surface area, and favors the absorption process in the rumen. The diet containing higher levels of spineless cactus led to maximum microbial protein production. These results characterize spineless cactus as a feasible alternative for feeding sheep during periods of drought, when the typical food source is scarce.

RESUMO: A cólica em equinos é considerada como a principal causa de morte de cavalos, porém poucos estudos têm investigado especificamente as condições envolvidas através da necropsia. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos e patológicos de doenças não infecciosas do trato gastrointestinal de equinos. Foi conduzido um estudo retrospectivo em busca de casos dessas doenças envolvendo cavalos de 2005 a 2017. Durante esse período, 114 equinos morreram devido a doenças não infecciosas do trato gastrointestinal, e as principais causas foram: dilatação gástrica (27/114), vólvulos (27/114), enterolitíase (20/114), ruptura retal (colônica) (15/114), compactação gástrica ou cecocolônica (10/114), encarceramentos (6/114), intussuscepções (4/114), e outros (5/114). Animais sem raça definida (56/114) e machos (69/114) foram mais afetados. Os equinos apresentavam uma média e mediana de idade de 10 e 10,9 anos, respectivamente. A dilatação gástrica primária era caracterizada por distensão do estômago por moderada a grande quantidade de conteúdo, que em 21 casos provocava ruptura da parede gástrica na curvatura maior (peritonite), e o principal fator predisponente foi sobrecarga alimentar (17/27). Vólvulo intestinal ocorreu no intestino delgado e no intestino grosso (14 e 13 casos, respectivamente). Macroscopicamente, havia isquemia intestinal com serosa avermelhada a enegrecida e mucosa difusamente avermelhada. A enterolitíase causou obstrução parcial ou completa do cólon dorsal direito (9/20), cólon transverso (4/20), cólon menor e cólon dorsal direito (3/20), cólon menor (2/20), e reto e cólon maior direito (2/20). Perfuração de vísceras e peritonite foram observadas em 11 casos. A ruptura retal (colônica) envolveu o reto (10/15), reto/cólon menor (4/15) e cólon menor (1/15). Essa era caracterizada por ruptura transmural focalmente extensa, com bordos avermelhados e peritonite retroperitoneal a difusa. Traumas relacionados à palpação (11/15) foram a principal causa. Compactações afetaram o cólon maior (7/10), ceco (2/10) e estômago (1/10). Encarceramentos consistiram em hérnias inguinoescrotais (2/6), encarceramento de alças intestinais por falha no mesentério (2/6), hérnia diafragmática e eventração umbilical. Macroscopicamente, os órgãos estavam constritos por um anel hernial, com isquemia intestinal e serosa avermelhada a vermelho-escura. Fatores predisponentes incluíram cirurgias prévias (2/6) e anel inguinal patente (1/6). Intussuscepções envolveram o intestino delgado (3/4) e íleoceco (1/4). A apresentação característica foi em potros com falta de colostro e concomitante pneumonia. Macroscopicamente, o intussuscepto deslizava em direção ao intussuscepiente, exibindo coloração vermelho-enegrecida difusa. Outras causas incluíram deslocamento de cólon maior (2/5), obstrução extrínseca e intrínseca do intestino delgado (2/5), e um caso de adenocarcinoma intestinal. Doenças não infecciosas são importantes causas de morte em equinos. Os aspectos epidemiológicos e macroscópicos das condições devem ser considerados para o que o diagnóstico final da causa da cólica seja obtido.

ABSTRACT: Equine colic is one of the most common cause of death in horses, but few studies have investigated specifically the conditions at the necropsy. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological and pathological features of noninfectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in horses. A retrospective study was conducted in search of cases of these diseases affecting horses from 2005 to 2017. During this period, 114 horses died of noninfectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and the main causes were: primary gastric dilation (27/114), volvulus (27/114), enterolithiasis (20/114), rectal (colonic) perforation (15/114), gastric or cecocolonic impaction (10/114), incarcerations (6/114), intussusception (4/114), and others (5/114). Mixed breeds horses (56/114) and males (69/114) were mostly affected. The horses had a median and mean age of 10 and 10.9-years old, respectively. Primary gastric dilation was characterized by distension of the stomach by moderate to large amounts of content, which in 21 cases caused tearing of the stomach wall at the greater curvature (peritonitis), and the main predisposing factor was alimentary overload (17/27). Intestinal volvulus occurred within the small intestine (14 cases) and within the large intestines (13 cases). Grossly, there was intestinal ischemia with reddened to deep-black serosa and diffusely red mucosae. Enterolithiasis caused partial or complete obstruction of the right dorsal colon (9/20), transverse colon (4/20), small colon and right dorsal colon (3/20), rectum and right dorsal colon (2/20), and small colon (2/20). Viscera perforation and peritonitis occurred in 11 cases. Rectal (colonic) perforation involved the rectum (10/15), rectum/small colon (4/15), and the small colon (1/15). It was characterized by a focally extensive transmural tearing, associated with reddened borders, and retroperitoneal to diffuse peritonitis. Palpation related iatrogenic injuries (11/15) were the main cause. Impactions affected the large colon (7/10), the cecum (2/10), and the stomach (1/10). Incarcerations consisted of inguinoscrotal hernias (2/6), small intestine entrapment by a mesenteric failure (2/6), diaphragmatic hernia, and umbilical eventration. Grossly, the organs were constricted by a hernial ring, with intestinal ischemia and reddened to dark-red serosa. Predisposing factors included previous surgeries (2/6) and patent inguinal ring (1/6). Intussusception involved the small intestine (3/4) and ileocecum (1/4). Foals with lack of colostrum intake and concomitant pneumonia was a characteristic presentation (3/4). Grossly, the intussusceptum slipped into intussuscipiens, with diffuse deep black-red discoloration. Other causes included large colon displacement (2/5), extrinsic and intrinsic obstruction of the small intestine (2/5), and an intestinal adenocarcinoma. Noninfectious gastrointestinal diseases are major causes of death in horses. Epidemiological and gross features of the conditions should be accounted to obtain a final diagnosis of the cause of the colic.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) exercise on oxidative stress markers in a group of women with fibromyalgia (FM) compared to a group of healthy women (CT). Twenty-one women diagnosed with FM and 21 age- and weight-matched healthy women were enrolled the study. Plasma oxidative stress markers (primary outcomes) were evaluated at rest and after WBV, and included thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), iron reduction capacity (FRAP), superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD), and catalase (CAT). At rest, the FM group had higher TBARS (P<0.001) and FRAP (P<0.001), and lower CAT (P=0.005) compared to the CT. In the CT group, the WBV had no effect on TBARS (P=0.559) and FRAP (P=0.926), whereas it increased both SOD (P<0.001) and CAT (P<0.001). In the FM group, the WBV reduced TBARS (p <0.001), FRAP (P<0.001), and CAT (P=0.005), while it increased SOD (P=0.019). There was an interaction effect (moments vs groups) in the TBARS (effect size=1.34), FRAP (effect size=0.93), CAT (effect size=1.45), and SOD (effect size=1.44) (P<0.001). A single trial of WBV exercise improved all oxidant and antioxidant parameters towards a greater adaptation to the stress response in FM women.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of colored shade nets on the growth, anatomy and essential oil content, yield and chemical composition of Pogostemon cablin. The plants were cultivated under full sunlight, black, blue and red nets. The harvesting was performed 5 months after planting and it was followed by the analysis of plant growth parameters, leaf anatomy, essential oil content, yield and chemical composition. The plants grown under red net have produced more leaf, shoot, total dry weight and leaf area. Plants cultivated under colored nets showed differences in morphological features. Plants maintained under red net had a higher leaf blade thickness and polar and equatorial diameter of the stomata ratio. Additionally, higher yield of essential oil in the leaves was observed under red and blue colored shade net. The essential oil of the plants grown under red net showed the highest relative percentage of patchoulol (66.84%). Therefore, it is possible using colored shade nets to manipulate P. cablin growth, as well as its essential oil production with several chemical compositions. The analyses of principal components allowed observing that pogostol has negative correlation with α-guaiene and α-bulnesene. There was difference in total dry weight and patchoulol content when the patchouli is cultured under the red colored shade nets.

The aims of this study were 1) to characterize the intensity of the vibration stimulation in women diagnosed with fibromyalgia (FM) compared to a control group of healthy women (HW) matched by age and anthropometric parameters, and 2) to investigate the effect of a single session of whole body vibration (WBV) on inflammatory responses. Levels of adipokines, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFr1, sTNFr2), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was estimated by a portable gas analysis system, heart rate (HR) was measured using a HR monitor, and perceived exertion (RPE) was evaluated using the Borg scale of perceived exertion. Acutely mild WBV increased VO2 and HR similarly in both groups. There was an interaction (disease vs vibration) in RPE (P=0.0078), showing a higher RPE in FM compared to HW at rest, which further increased in FM after acute WBV, whereas it remained unchanged in HW. In addition, there was an interaction (disease vs vibration) in plasma levels of adiponectin (P=0.0001), sTNFR1 (P=0.000001), sTNFR2 (P=0.0052), leptin (P=0.0007), resistin (P=0.0166), and BDNF (P=0.0179). In conclusion, a single acute session of mild and short WBV can improve the inflammatory status in patients with FM, reaching values close to those of matched HW at their basal status. The neuroendocrine mechanism seems to be an exercise-induced modulation towards greater adaptation to stress response in these patients.

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate from patients (n=86) with stage II and III HER2-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy at our institution from 2008 to 2013 and to determine possible predictive and prognostic factors. Immunohistochemistry for hormone receptors and Ki-67 was carried out. Clinical and pathological features were analyzed as predictive factors of response to therapy. For survival analysis, we used Kaplan-Meier curves to estimate 5-year survival rates and the log-rank test to compare the curves. The addition of trastuzumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved pCR rate from 4.8 to 46.8%, regardless of the number of preoperative trastuzumab cycles (P=0.0012). Stage II patients achieved a higher response rate compared to stage III (P=0.03). The disease-free and overall survivals were not significantly different between the group of patients that received trastuzumab in the neoadjuvant setting (56.3 and 70% at 5 years, respectively) and the group that initiated it post-operatively (75.8 and 88.7% at 5 years, respectively). Axillary pCR post neoadjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab was associated with reduced risk of recurrence (HR=0.34; P=0.03) and death (HR=0.21; P=0.02). In conclusion, we confirmed that trastuzumab improves pCR rates and verified that this improvement occurs even with less than four cycles of the drug. Hormone receptors and Ki-67 expressions were not predictive of response in this subset of patients. Axillary pCR clearly denotes prognosis after neoadjuvant target therapy and should be considered to be a marker of resistance, providing an opportunity to investigate new strategies for HER2-positive treatment.

Avaliou-se a eficiência reprodutiva de cruzamentos interespécies entre fêmeas equinas e reprodutores asininos da raça Pêga. Para tal, estudou-se o efeito de dois diluidores, à base de leite em pó desnatado-glicose ou glicina-gema de ovo, sobre a fertilidade de éguas inseminadas com sêmen fresco diluído (T1 e T2) ou diluído e resfriado a 5°C por 12 horas (T3 e T4). Foram utilizados 272 ciclos de 208 éguas mestiças, distribuídas uniformemente entre os tratamentos, após agrupamento por idade e categoria reprodutiva. Os ciclos foram acompanhados por palpação retal e rufiação, sendo as inseminações realizadas às terças, quintas e aos sábados (três vezes por semana), a partir da detecção de um folículo de 3,0 a 3,5cm de diâmetro, em um dos ovários, até a ovulação. As gestações foram acompanhadas por palpação transretal, rufiação e por ultrassonografia, realizada a cada 14 dias. As taxas de gestação obtidas, ao primeiro ciclo, não diferiram (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos, sendo de 64,52% para T1, 61,11% para T2, 50,72% para T3 e 54,17% para T4. Da mesma maneira, as taxas de gestação por ciclo também não foram influenciadas (P>0,05) pelos tratamentos, com valores de 63,64%, 54,55%, 52,69% e 47,06% para T1, T2, T3, e T4, respectivamente. No que diz respeito às taxas de perdas gestacionais, obtidas por meio das taxas de perdas e de perdas ajustadas, houve influência (P<0,05) dos tratamentos. Observou-se, ainda, efeito do mês da concepção, com taxas de perda superiores para os meses de janeiro (38,46%) e de fevereiro e março (52,38%), sendo a média de 33,09%. Sugere-se que a redução dos padrões de secreção do LH, ao final da estação de monta, responda pelas maiores taxas de perdas gestacionais do cruzamento interespécie, notadamente naquelas éguas que conceberam no final da estação de monta fisiológica dos equinos.

Fertility obtained by cross-breeding mares (Equus caballus) with jackasses (Equus asinus) was evaluated. Two extenders, containing skim milk-glucose or egg yolk-glycine were used to study the fertility of mares inseminated with diluted jackass semen (T1 and T2) or diluted and cooled semen at 5°C for 12 hours (T3 and T4). A total of 272 cycles of 208 mares of undefined breeds were evaluated, being uniformly distributed between groups. The cycles were controlled by transrectal palpation and teasing, and mares were inseminated every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday (three times/week), from the detection of a follicle with 3.0 to 3.5cm diameter in one of the ovaries until ovulation. Pregnancy was detected using transrectal palpation, teasing and ultrasound exams every 14 days. The extenders had no effect on fertility (P>0.05). Pregnancy rates for the first cycle were 64.52%, 61.11%, 50.72% and 54.17% and pregnancy rates/cycle were 63.64%, 54.55%, 52.69% and 47.06%, respectively, for T1, T2, T3 and T4. Differences in pregnancy loss rates between groups and effect of month of conception on fertility were found. Pregnancy loss rates were significantly higher (P<0.05) in January (38.46%) and in February and March (52.38%), with an average of 33.09%. The results indicate that mares conceiving at the end of the physiological reproduction time, carrying a mule embryo, are more susceptible to pregnancy loss.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate if the postural control in static conditions, is a discriminating factor between gymnastics rhythmic girls and their normally active counterparts. Methods: Sixteen rhythmic gymnastics girls of national level (RG) (RG: 9.7 ± 1.4 years; 32.3 ± 3.6 kg, 143.1 ± 7.4 cm) and sixteen school girls (SG) (SG: 9.8 ± 0.9 years; 36.2 ± 5.4 kg; 139.2 ± 6.9 cm) participated in the investigation. All subjects performed two postural control tests: Bipedal Eyes Open (EO) and Eyes Closed (EC), while standing on a platform force, as immobile as possible for 30 seconds. Based on the center of pressure displacement, variables analyzed were: Ellipse Area of 95 (A95), Mean Velocity (MV T), Mean Velocity in the anterior-posterior plane (MV A/P) and Mean Velocity in the medium-lateral plane (MV M/L). A frequency domain analysis of the center of pressure (Fast Fourier Transform) was performed. Results: Significant differences were observed when comparing groups for MV M/L and MV T, but not for A95, in EO and EC. Interestingly, RG showed greater values of MV M/L than SG in all conditions. In absence of vision, both groups were affected, but there was a trend to be weaker this effect in RG. The Fourier Transform showed that gymnastics had higher values of energy of the spectrum in the M/L plane. Conclusions: The results suggest that postural control in static conditions is a discriminating factor between gymnastics rhythmic girls and their normally active counterparts. However, traditional methods for the analysis of the CP seem to be not reliable to understand the dynamics of the CP.

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar se o controle postural, em condições estáticas, é um fator discriminante entre meninas praticantes de ginastica rítmica (GR) de alto nível e seus pares normalmente ativas. Métodos: Dezesseis atletas praticantes de GR que competiam a nível nacional espanhol (GR: 9,7 ± 1,4 anos; 32,3 ± 3,6 kg, 143,1 ± 7,4 cm) e 16 meninas não atletas (GC) (GC: 9,8 ± 0,9 anos; 36,2 ± 5,4 kg; 139,2 ± 6,9 cm) participaram deste estudo. Todas as voluntárias realizaram 2 provas, uma com olhos abertos (OA) e a outra com olhos fechados (OF), que consistiam em manter-se imóveis durante 30 segundos sobre uma plataforma de força. Baseado no deslocamento do centro de pressão, as variáveis calculadas foram: Área da Elipse de 95% (A95), Velocidade Média Total (VM T), Velocidade Antero-Posterior (VM A/P), Velocidade Médio-Lateral (VM M/L) e análise de frequência (transformada rápida de Fourier). Resultados: Foi observada diferença significativa quando compararam os grupos para VM M/L e VM T, mas não houve diferença para A95 com OA e OF. Curiosamente, GR demonstrou maiores valores de VM M/L que GC em ambas as condições. A ausência da visão afetou menos o grupo GR. A transformada de Fourier revelou que o grupo GR obteve maiores valores de densidade espectral no plano M/L. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que o controle postural, em condições estáticas, é um fator discriminante entre meninas praticantes de GR e o grupo controle não atleta. Contudo, metodologias tradicionais para a análise de CP não são sensíveis para total entendimento da dinâmica do CP.

Objetivo: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo el verificar si el control postural, en condiciones estáticas, es un factor discriminante entre niñas practicantes de gimnasia rítmica (GR) de alto nivel y sus homólogas normalmente activas. Método: Dieciséis atletas practicantes de GR que competían a nivel nacional español (GR: 9,7 ± 1,4 años; 32,3 ± 3,6 kg, 143,1 ± 7,4 cm) y 16 niñas no deportistas (GC) (GC: 9,8 ± 0,9 años; 36,2 ± 5,4 kg; 139,2 ± 6,9 cm) participaron en la investigación. Todos los sujetos realizaron 2 pruebas: una con ojos abiertos (OA) y la otra con ojos cerrados (OC), que consistían en mantenerse inmóvil durante 30 segundos sobre una plataforma de fuerza. Basándose en el desplazamiento del centro de presiones (CP) las variables calculadas fueron: Área de la Elipse del 95% (A95), Velocidad Media Total (VM T), Velocidad Antero-Posterior (VM A/P) y la Velocidad Medio-Lateral (VM M/L). Se realizó un análisis de frecuencia (transforma rápida de Fourier) del desplazamiento del CP. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas cuando se comparan los grupos para VM M/L y VM T, pero no para A95, en OA y OC. Curiosamente, el grupo de GR mostró mayores valores de VM M/L que el grupo de GC en ambas condiciones. La ausencia de la visión, afectó menos al grupo de GR. La transformada de Fourier reveló que el grupo de GR obtuvo valores más elevados de densidad espectral en el plano M/L. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que el control postural, en condiciones estáticas, es un factor discriminante entre niñas practicantes de GR y sus homólogas no deportistas. Sin embargo, metodologías tradicionales para el análisis del CP no son lo suficiente sensibles para el total entendimiento de la dinámica del CP.

The Neotropical lizard Mabuya agmosticha Rodrigues, 2000 is a habitat-specialist of thorny bromeliads in rocky outcrops of northeastern Brazil. Its distribution in the Caatinga Domain is most likely relictual. In recent years, new surveys conducted in northeastern Brazil have revealed new records of the species in the Caatinga and also in the Atlantic Forest Domain. In this study, we add four new records for M. agmosticha, extending its known geographic range in the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba. In addition, we investigated the potential geographical distribution of the species using ecological niche modeling (ENM), which combines the available occurrence records with environmental variables. Our model revealed a continuous range of areas with suitable climatic conditions for the species, from the state of Rio Grande do Norte to the northeast portion of the state of Bahia, plus some relictual distribution spots, mainly in the states of Bahia, Pernambuco, Ceará and western Rio Grande do Norte. Based on the model, we suggest that the distribution of M. agmosticha is continuous on a large geographic scale. On a smaller spatial scale, however, it is clear that its distribution is clumped, reflecting its specialist habits associated with rupicolous bromeliads.

Estudou-se o efeito do número de inseminações sobre a fertilidade de éguas inseminadas com sêmen asinino diluído, resfriado e armazenado. Os ciclos foram acompanhados por palpação retal e rufiação, sendo as inseminações realizadas às terças, quintas e sábados (três vezes por semana), a partir da detecção de um folículo de 3,0 a 3,5cm de diâmetro, em um dos ovários, até a ovulação. O sêmen de cinco jumentos da raça Pêga foi diluído nos diluidores de leite em pó desnatado-glicose ou glicina-gema de ovo, resfriado a 5ºC e armazenado por 12 horas, sendo a dose inseminante de aproximadamente 400x10(6) espermatozoides móveis (no momento da diluição final, pré-resfriamento). De acordo com o número de inseminações artificiais (IA)/ciclo, os resultados de 195 ciclos, referentes a 140 éguas, foram agrupados em 1IA, 2IA e 3 ou mais IA. As taxas de concepção, ao primeiro ciclo, foram de 50,0%, 62,1% e de 41,0% e, após quatro ciclos, de 47,7%, 55,6% e de 42,9% para 1IA, 2IA e 3 ou mais IA, respectivamente (P>0,05). O número de IA/ciclo, utilizando sêmen asinino resfriado, não teve efeito sobre a fertilidade das éguas.

The effect of the number of inseminations/cycles on the fertility of inseminated mares with diluted, cooled and stored jackass semen was studied. The cycles were controlled by rectal palpation and teasing, and mares were inseminated every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday (three times/week), from the detection of a 3.0 to 3.5cm follicle diameter in one of the ovaries until ovulation. The semen of five Pêga jackasses was diluted in skim milk-glucose or in egg yolk-glicine diluter and cooled at 5ºC for 12 hours, with the inseminate dose of 400 x 10(6) motile spermatozoa (at the moment of the final dilution, before cooling). The results of 195 cycles of 140 mares were grouped, in accordance with the number of artificial inseminations (AI)/cycle in: 1AI, 2AI and 3 or more AI. The conception rates for the first cycle were 50.0%, 62.1% and 41.0%, and after four cycles they were 47.7%, 55.6% and 42.9%, respectively for 1AI, 2AI and 3 or more AI (p>0.05). The number of AI/cycles, using cooled jackass semen, had no influence on fertility.

O dióxido de titânio tem sido bastante investigado para a remoção de poluentes orgânicos. É um material polimórfico, o qual dependendo das condições e tipo de método de síntese empregado na sua preparação pode ser monofásico ou bifásico, com predominância de uma das fases. Sendo assim, este trabalho propõe a avaliação da estrutura, morfologia e atividade fotocatalítica na degradação do corante vermelho de metila por amostras de TiO2 sintetizado pelo método Pechini com relação de ácido cítrico/cátion metálico de 4:1 e 6:1. As amostras sintetizadas foram calcinadasa 500ºC por 1hora e foram caracterizadas pela técnica de difração de raios X em amostras policristalinas com o uso do método de refinamento Rietveld, análise textural, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e fotocataliticamente em testes de bancada, usando o corante vermelho de metila. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a amostra 4:1 levou à formação das duas fases, com 89% dafase anatásio e 11% da fase rutilo, enquanto a amostra 6:1 levou apenas à formação da fase anatásio. A amostra 4:1, que apresentou a mistura da fase anatásio e rutilo demonstrou ser mais eficiente fotocataliticamente do que a amostra 6:1.

Titanium dioxide has been widely investigated in the removal of organic pollutants. It is a polymorphic material which, depending on the conditions and the type of synthetic method used in its preparation may be monophasic or biphasic, with predominance of one of the phases. Therefore, this paper proposes the evaluation of the structure, morphology and photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methyl red dye byTiO2 samples synthesized by the Pechini method with citric acid/metal cation ratios of 4:1 and 6:1. The synthesized samples were calcined at 500°C for 1 hour and were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction technique by using Rietveld refinement, textural analysis, scanning electron microscopy and photocatalytic test sin bench scale, using methyl red dye. The results showed that the sample 4:1 led to the formation of two phases, 89% anatase and 11% rutile, while the sample 6:1 led only to the formation of the anatase phase. The 4:1 sample, a mixture of anatase and rutile phase, photocatalytically, was more effective than the 6:1 sample.

A educação sexual é fundamental na promoção da saúde sexual dos adolescentes, e a escola é, de acordo com a legislação portuguesa, a responsável pela sua abordagem formal. É objetivo deste estudo avaliar o impacto de um programa de educação sexual na turma (PEST) nas atitudes face à sexualidade de adolescentes. A amostra é constituída por 99 adolescentes, com idades entre os 12 e os 14 anos, que foram divididos em 2 grupos: o experimental, que participou no PEST, e o grupo de controle. O instrumento utilizado foi Escala de Atitudes Sexuais - versão Adolescente e foi aplicado, nos dois grupos em simultâneo, antes e depois da implementação do PEST. A conceção e implementação do PEST está em consonância com as exigências da legislação vigente. Constatou-se que a participação no PEST alterou efetivamente as atitudes dos adolescentes, sendo essa alteração significativa nas raparigas, nos adolescentes com maior sucesso escolar, e nos adolescentes com melhor estatuto económico. Parece assim reforçada a importância da escola na educação para a saúde dos adolescentes, bem como a necessidade de ajustar estes programas às características específicas da sua população-alvo.

Sexual education is crucial in promoting adolescent sexual health, and the school is, according to portuguese law, responsible for its formal approach. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact that a program of sexual education in the classroom (PEST) has on attitudes towards sexuality of teenagers. The sample consisted of 99 adolescents, aged between 12 and 14 years, who were divided into two groups: the experimental group, that participated in PEST, and the control group. The instrument used was the Escala de Atitudes Sexuais - versão Adolescente and was applied in both groups simultaneously, before and after implementation of PEST. The PEST designing and implementation is in line with the requirements of current legislation. It was found that participation in the PEST changed the attitudes of adolescents, with significant changes in girls, adolescents with higher educational attainment, and adolescents with better economic status. It seems thus reinforced the importance of school education for the health of adolescents, as well as the need to adjust these programs to the specific characteristics of the target population.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a vida útil pós-colheita de folhas de Capuchinha (Tropaeolum majus L.) embaladas com filme PVC de baixa densidade e proteínas nas concentrações de 1, 3 e 5%. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Química e Bioquímica do Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA) da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) Areia - PB. As folhas de Capuchinha colhidas no CCA foram levadas imediatamente ao Laboratório de Química e Bioquímica, para pré-seleção, desinfestação em água clorada contendo 100mg.L-1 de cloro ativo, e seca à temperatura ambiente. Após o controle fitossanitário, as folhas foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: solução de proteína nas concentrações de 1, 3 e 5%, filme PVC de baixa densidade e a testemunha sem recobrimento. As folhas foram armazenadas durante cinco dias em temperatura média de 26 - 29ºC e umidade relativa média de 59,5 - 71,5% e outra parte foi armazenada em câmara fria com temperatura média de 12 ± 0,5 ºC e umidade relativa média de 95 ± 3%. Durante o período de armazenamento as folhas foram avaliadas quanto à perda de massa fresca, determinação de ácido ascórbico, sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. O armazenamento durante quatro dias sob refrigeração a temperatura média de 12 ± 0,5ºC associada ao recobrimento com filme PVC mostrou melhores resultados na conservação da vida útil pós-colheita das folhas de Capuchinha.

This study aimed to evaluate the shelf-life of Capuchin sheets (Tropaeolum majus L.) packed with plastic wrap and low density proteins at concentrations of 1, 3 and 5%. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratório de Química e Bioquímica and the Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA) of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) Areia - PB. Capuchin leaves harvested in the CCA were taken immediately to the Laboratório de Química e Bioquímica, for pre-screening, disinfection in chlorinated water containing 100mg.L-1 of active chlorine, and dried at room temperature. After spraying, the leaves were treated as follows: protein solution at concentrations of 1, 3 and 5%, low density plastic wrap and uncoated witness. The leaves were stored for five days in average temperature from 26 to 29ºC and relative humidity from 59.5 to 71.5% and another part was stored in cold with average temperature of 12 ± 0.5ºC and relative humidity of 95 ± 3%. During the storage period the leaves were evaluated for weight loss, determination of ascorbic acid, soluble solids and titratable acidity. Storage for four days under refrigeration at an average temperature of 12 ± 0.5ºC associated with PVC film coating showed better results in the conservation of shelf-life of Capuchin sheets.

Determinou-se a estrutura da raça Murciano-Granadina, usando-se 25 microssatélites e 266 animais de sete populações. Os resultados da diferenciação genética mostram que é possível diferenciar populações de Murciana e Granadina, apesar dos baixos valores de F ST obtidos - 0.0432. Os indivíduos foram designados às suas populações com taxa de sucesso superior a 80%. A análise bayesiana de agrupamento das frequências alélicas e a análise multivariada revelaram que as populações Murciana e Granadina foram agrupadas em diferentes clusters, uma vez que o melhor K obtido foi três. Os resultados demonstraram que Murciana e Granadina ainda são dois grupos genéticos distintos incluídos na denominação Murciano-Granadina. É possível manejar geneticamente essas populações dentro de um único livro de registro, porém adotando-se as modificações necessárias em relação à conservação e à diversidade genética, com base no uso de modelos de avaliação multirracial.

The population structure of the Murciano-Granadina breed was determined using 25 microsatellites from 266 goats of seven populations. The results of the genetic differentiation analysis showed that it is possible to differentiate the Murciana and Granadina populations even though a low F ST value (0.0432) had been obtained. Individuals could be assigned to their populations with a success rate of more than 80%. Bayesian-based clustering analysis of allele frequencies and multivariate analysis revealed that Murciana and Granadina populations were grouped in different clusters since K=3. The results demonstrate that Murciana and Granadina are still two different genetic groups included into Murciano-Granadina denomination. There is the opportunity to the genetically manage these populations, under a single herd-book but adding the necessary modifications to respect the conservation of the genetic diversity based on the use of multibreed models of genetic evaluation.