ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate, in rat offspring, bone changes induced by excess maternal thyroxin during pregnancy and lactation, and to assess the reversibility of these changes after weaning. Material and methods Twenty Wistar rats were distributed in two groups, hyperthyroid and control, that were treated daily with L-thyroxin (50 mcg/animal) and placebo, respectively. The treatment was initiated seven days before mating and continued throughout pregnancy and lactation. From every female of each of the two groups, two offspring were euthanized after birth, two at 21 days of age (weaning), and two at 42 days of age (21 days after weaning). In newborns, the length of pelvic and thoracic limbs were measured, and in the other animals, the length and width of the femur and humerus were measured. Bones were dissected, decalcified, embedded in paraffin, and analyzed histomorphometrically. Results Excess maternal thyroxin significantly reduced the length of the pelvic limb in neonates. In 21-day-old individuals, excess maternal thyroxine reduced the length and the width of the femur and the humerus. It also increased thickness of the epiphyseal plate and the percentage of trabecular bone tissue. In 42-day-old individuals, there were no significant differences between groups in relation to the parameters evaluated in the previous periods. Conclusion Excess maternal thyroxine reduced growth in suckling rats both at birth and at weaning, and it also increased the percentage of trabecular bone tissue in 21-day-old animals. These changes, however, were reversible at 42 days, i.e., 21 days after weaning. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016;60(2):130-7

Os tumores espontâneos da glândula mamária representam, nas cadelas, a neoplasia mais observada na clínica de pequenos animais, justificando o grande interesse dos pesquisadores no estudo dessa lesão. Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a frequência dos tumores mamários em cadelas atendidas no HOSPMEV/UFBA, no município de Salvador, no período de janeiro de 2006 a abril de 2008, bem como realizar a caracterização clínica, a classificação histopatológica e o georreferenciamento dessa patologia. Os resultados revelaram alta prevalência de neoplasias mamárias em cadelas, em sua maioria tumores, em estádios mais avançados, sendo os carcinomas em tumores mistos o tipo histológico predominante. Observou-se ainda a correlação das características socioeconômicas da população estudada com fatores sabidamente prognósticos para neoplasias mamárias em cadelas. Esses resultados refletem a procura tardia da assistência Médica Veterinária. Por isso, é urgente educar a população quanto prevenção e detecção da neoplasia mamária nas cadelas, buscando o diagnóstico precoce e a terapêutica adequada.

Spontaneous tumors of the mammary gland in female dogs, represent the most frequent neoplasms observed in the small animal clinic, which explains the high interest of researchers in the study of this lesion. This study aimed to determine the frequency of mammary tumors in female dogs treated at HOSPMEV/UFBA, in Salvador, from January 2006 to April 2008, as well as to carry out the clinical characterization, histopathologic classification and the georeferencing of this pathology. The results showed a high prevalence of mammary tumors in female dogs, with most of the tumors in more advanced stages and the carcinomas in mixed tumors the predominant histologic type. There was also a.correlation between socioeconomic characteristics of the study population with known prognostic factors for mammary neoplasms in female dogs. These results reflect the delay in providing veterinary medical care. Thus, it's important to educate the population regarding the prevention and detection of mammary cancer in female dogs looking for an early diagnosis and appropriate therapy.

Os tumores mamários espontâneos representam a neoplasia mais frequente em fêmeas caninas, correspondendo aproximadamente a 50% de todas as neoplasias. A maioria dos estudos científicos restringe-se a dados pontuais sobre a doença, sem a preocupação com sua distribuição geográfica ou mesmo com a possibilidade da geração de agregados desses eventos em uma determinada área. Levando-se em consideração a lacuna de informações na literatura, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a criação de mapas temáticos da distribuição espacial das neoplasias mamárias em cadelas e a identificação de aglomerados de risco para a doença no município de Salvador, Bahia. Pela análise espacial de varredura, verificou-se que os casos de neoplasia mamária não estão homogeneamente distribuídos no município. Foi detectado um aglomerado primário estatisticamente significante (P<0,001), abrangendo 67,3% dos casos estudados. Espera-se que estes resultados contribuam principalmente na elaboração de novos estudos, nos quais devem ser analisadas variáveis de caráter intrínseco e extrínseco ao animal para a identificação dos fatores de risco e elaboração de planos educacionais direcionados à promoção da saúde animal.

Spontaneous mammary tumors represent the most frequent type of cancer in canines, accounting for approximately 50% of all neoplasms. The majority of scientific papers cited in the literature are limited to non refined epidemiological data, without mentioning the trend of this disease in generating clusters in a given geographical area. In this context, this research aimed to create thematic maps of spatial distribution of mammary neoplasms in bitches and to identify disease clusters for the city of Salvador, Bahia. Trough the spatial analysis scanning, it was found that cases of breast cancer is not evenly distributed in the municipality. A significant primary cluster was detected (P>0,001) covering 67.3% of the studied cases. Considering the gap in literature available in this field, it is believed that such results will become very important, especially in leading to new studies, where intrinsic and extrinsic variables regarding the animal must be taken into consideration and analyzed for factors risk identification to formulate educational plans targeting the promotion of animal welfare.