Resumen Antecedentes: La dehiscencia de la anastomosis colorrectal (DA) es la complicación más temida de la cirugía del cáncer de recto (1-19%), pues incrementa la morbimortalidad y empeora los resultados oncológicos en términos de recidiva local y supervivencia. La publicación del índice REAL-score permite predecir el riesgo de DA y comparar los resultados esperados con los obtenidos. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo, de pacientes intervenidos de cáncer de recto en el Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, en Zaragoza, España, en 2019. Análisis estadístico de variables resultado de morbimortalidad y del índice REAL-score mediante curvas ROC. Resultados: De 80 pacientes intervenidos de cáncer de recto, se realizó anastomosis colorrectal en 52 e ileostomía temporal en 11 (21.2%). La morbilidad fue alta (38.4%), pero grave solo en el 7.7% (Clavien-Dindo IIIb), sin ningún fallecimiento. Hubo cuatro dehiscencias: una de tipo B y tres de tipo C. Se observa una relación directa entre alto riesgo de DA y la práctica de estoma temporal cuando el punto de corte del REAL-score supera el 14.74%. Conclusiones: El REAL-score puede ayudar en la toma de decisiones en la cirugía del cáncer de recto. Por encima de un punto de corte, el riesgo de DA implicaría ileostomía selectiva.

Abstract Background: Colorectal anastomosis leak (AL) is the most feared complication of rectal cancer surgery (1-19%) as it increases morbidity and mortality and worsens oncological outcomes in terms of local recurrence and survival. The publication of the REAL-score index makes it possible to predict the risk of AL and compare the expected results with those obtained. Method: Observational, descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study of patients operated on for rectal cancer at the Miguel Servet University Hospital, in Zaragoza, Spain, in 2019. Statistical analysis of morbidity and mortality outcome variables and the REAL-score index using ROC curves. Results: Of 80 patients operated on for rectal cancer, colorectal anastomosis was performed in 52 and temporary ileostomy in 11 (21.2%). Morbidity was high (38.4%), but severe only in 7.7% (Clavien-Dindo IIIb), with no deaths. There were four dehiscences: one type B and three type C. A direct relationship between high risk of AL and the practice of temporary stoma is observed when the cut-off point of the REAL-score exceeds 14.74%. Conclusions: REAL-score can help in decision-making in rectal cancer surgery. Above a cut-off point, the risk of AL would imply a selective ileostomy.

Abstract Background: physical activity in type 1 diabetic patients allows a better control of glycaemia and glycosylated hemoglobin, helps to maintain a residual endocrine pancreatic mass and optimizes subsequent insulin requirements. These improvements might be due in part to increases in anti-inflammatory cytokines that could help to minimize β-cell destruction. However, type, intensity and frequency of exercise for type 1 diabetic patients remain to be established. Case report: we present the case of a 48-year-old man diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at the age of 23. He is a professional alpinist and recently was recruited in a program of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (Russia) to be the first diabetic astronaut. Metabolic and inflammatory responses were assessed after performing two extreme activities. Discussion: well programmed extreme activities accompanied by a correct dietetic intervention can reduce the adverse metabolic and inflammatory processes that appear due to exercise and diabetes.

Resumen Introducción: la actividad física en pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 permite un mejor control de la glucemia y hemoglobina glucosilada, ayuda a mantener una masa residual de páncreas endocrino y optimiza las necesidades de insulina. Estas mejoras podrían ser debidas en parte al incremento en citocinas antiinflamatorias que ayudarían a minimizar la destrucción de células β. Sin embargo, el tipo, la intensidad y la frecuencia de ejercicio para pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 no han sido establecidos. Caso clínico: presentamos el caso de un varón de 48 años de edad diagnosticado de diabetes tipo 1 a los 23. Es alpinista profesional y recientemente ha sido reclutado por el Centro de Entrenamiento para Cosmonautas Yuri Gagarin (Rusia) para ser el primer astronauta diabético. Hemos comparado respuestas metabólicas e inflamatorias tras realizar dos actividades extremas. Discusión: actividades extremas bien programadas y con una correcta intervención dietética pueden reducir la descompensación metabólica.

Se depositaron bicapas de Ti / TiN en sustratos de acero inoxidable AISI 316L y Dynasil (SiO2), mediante el uso de un sistema de magnetrón Sputtering reactivo DC. La intercapa de Ti se creció a diferentes espesores (0, 50, 100, y 200 nm) con el fin de estudiar su influencia en la morfología y en las propiedades mecánicas y tribológicas. La morfología de los recubrimientos se determinó usando un perfilómetro XP2, la adhesión se midió utilizando un equipo de micro scratch-test, las propiedades mecánicas se determinaron mediante un nanoindentador marca NANOVEAIBIS-Technology por el método de Oliver-Parr. La caracterización tribológica se llevó a cabo empleando un tribómetro CSEM y el coeficiente de desgaste se obtuvo por la ley Archard, relacionando el área de desgaste (medida por perfilometría). Los resultados muestran una disminución de la rugosidad con la adición de la intercapa. La máxima dureza y módulo de elasticidad obtenidas fueron de 22 y 310 GPa respectivamente para el sistema con intercapa de 100 nm; además, este sistema exhibió la más alta adhesión con una carga crítica de 28 N. El recubrimiento con una intercapa de 200 nm mostró una mejoría en el comportamiento tribológico debido a su gran capacidad de carga, menor deformación del sustrato y baja tasa de desgaste.

Ti/TiN bilayers were grown on AISI 316L stainless steel and Dynasil (SiO2) substrates, by using a reactive DC magnetron sputtering system. The Ti interlayer was grown at different thicknesses (0, 50, 100, and 200 nm) in order to study their influence on the morphological, mechanical, and tribological properties of the bilayers. The coatings' morphology was determined using an XP2 profilometer adhesion was measured using micro-scratch test equipment, mechanical properties were obtained by a NANOVEA IBIS-Technology nanoindenter with the Oliver-Parr method. Tribological characterization was carried out with a CSEM tribometer, and wear coefficient was obtained by the Archard law by relating the wear area (measured by profilometry). Results present a decrease in the roughness as the interlayer was added. A maximum hardness and elastic modulus of 22 and 310 GPa, respectively, were obtained. On the other hand, the system with an interlayer of 100 nm exhibited the highest adhesion with a critical load of 28 N. Moreover, the system with an interlayer of 200 nm showed an improvement in the tribological behavior due to its great load capability, lower substrate deflection, and low wear rate.

Este trabalho se baseia no estudo das comunidades zooplanctônicas de duas lagoas marginais ao rio Cuiabá, próximas às cidades de Cuiabá e Várzea Grande, e teve por objetivo analisar a composição de espécies, a abundância das populações zooplanctônicas e a diversidade dos Rotifera e dos Cladocera. Realizaram-se duas campanhas para amostragens, com coletas efetuadas nos dias 2/3/1999, no período chuvoso, e 25/8/1999, no período seco. Foram identificados no total 115 táxons, distribuídos em 79 táxons de Rotifera, 30 táxons de Cladocera e 6 táxons de Copepoda. Comparando-se as espécies registradas no presente estudo com aquelas já registradas por diferentes autores para os Estados de Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul, observa-se que 9 espécies de Cladocera, 2 espécies de Copepoda e 14 espécies de Rotifera são novas ocorrências para esses Estados ou região. As espécies mais abundantes foram Keratella cochlearis, K. americana, Brachionus angularis e Polyarthra vulgaris para Rotifera, Moina minuta e Bosminopsis deitersi entre os Cladocera e Notodiaptomus transitans e N. devoyorum entre os Copepoda. Comparando-se ambas as lagoas, observa-se que a maior riqueza de espécies foi registrada para a lagoa Souza Lima durante a estação chuvosa, em relação aos Rotifera e aos Cladocera, o que pode estar relacionado ao fato de a região litorânea dessa lagoa ser densamente colonizada por macrófitas e não receber esgoto doméstico, como observado na lagoa Parque Atalaia. A diversidade de Rotifera foi notadamente baixa na lagoa Parque Atalaia durante a estação seca, o que também pode estar relacionado à entrada de esgoto doméstico nesse corpo d'água.

In the present study, two small lakes on the margins of the River Cuiabá were analyzed regarding taxonomic composition and population densities of the zooplankton. Diversity was evaluated for two groups, Rotifera and Cladocera; sampling was carried out on two dates: 2 March 1999, in the rainy season, and 25 August 1999, in the dry season. Seventy-nine rotifer taxa, 30 cladoceran taxa, and 6 copepod taxa were found. Comparing the species identified in the present study with those recorded by other authors for several water bodies in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states, it was found that 9 species of Cladocera, 2 of Copepoda, and 14 of Rotifera are new records for the region. The most abundant rotifer species were Keratella cochlearis, Brachionus angularis, Polyarthra vulgaris, and Keratella americana. Moina minuta and Bosminopsis deitersi were dominant among the cladocerans, and Notodiaptomus transitans and N. devoyorum among the copepods. Comparing both lakes, the greatest species richness of both Rotifera and Cladocera was observed in Lake Souza Lima, during the rainy season. This is probably linked to the fact that the littoral region of this lake is densely colonized by macrophytes. The lake also has better environmental conditions since it does not receive domestic sewage inputs, as does Lake Parque Atalaia. The diversity of the Rotifera was markedly low in Lake Parque Atalaia, during the dry season, again perhaps linked domestic sewage input found in this water body.

Protozoa are important microorganisms for the ecosystem balance in wastewater treatment plants. A procedure for their semi-automated identification and counting based on image analysis is proposed. The main difficulty is segmentation of the protozoa as most of them are in contact with the sludge. The protozoa are characterized by the size of their silhouette (area and length) and three shape factors (elongation, circularity and eccentricity). They are identified after projecting the resulting 5D space into a 3D space of principal components. The rate of automated identification is actually higher than 50% for some of the species commonly found in activated sludge.