Resumo Objetivo: Realizar um estudo de reprodutibilidade do ângulo clivocanal (ACC), ângulo basal de Welcker (ABW) e distância do odontoide à linha de Chamberlain (DOLC) em ressonância magnética (RM). Materiais e Métodos: Quatro examinadores, dois graduandos de medicina e dois radiologistas, avaliaram, respectivamente, 100 e 50 indivíduos adultos submetidos a RM de crânio, consecutiva e aleatoriamente. Cada um realizou duas leituras para cada paciente em diferentes ocasiões, de forma cega e independente. As análises de concordância intraobservador e interobservador foram realizadas pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI), com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: As medidas médias, considerando todos os examinadores, foram: ACC = 150°, ABW = 130°, DOLC = 2,5 mm. A análise interobservador entre os estudantes revelou CCI de 0,980, 0,935 e 0,967 para ACC, ABW e DOLC, respectivamente, e para os radiologistas, CCI de 0,977, 0,941 e 0,982, respectivamente. A análise interobservador entre estudantes e radiologistas revelou CCI de 0,980, 0,992 e 0,990, respectivamente. Em relação à análise intraobservador, as medidas do ACC tiveram CCI variando entre 0,929 e 0,959, ABW entre 0,918 e 0,964 e DOLC entre 0,918 e 0,981. Conclusão: ACC, ABW e DOLC obtiveram excelentes reprodutibilidades intraobservador e interobservador na RM.

Abstract Objective: The present study aims to perform a reproducibility study of the clivus-canal angle (CCA), Welcker’s basal angle (WBA), and the distance from the odontoid process to Chamberlain’s line (DOCL) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Two medical students and two radiologists respectively evaluated 100 and 50 consecutive MRI scans of adult skulls, selected randomly. Each examiner, working independently and blinded to the previous results, performed readings for each patient on two different occasions. Measurements were performed in T1-weighted sequences acquired in the midsagittal plane. The levels of intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver agreement were evaluated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: The mean values obtained by the examiners were 150° for the CCA, 130° for the WBA, and 2.5 mm for the DOCL. The ICC for interobserver agreement was 0.980, 0.935, and 0.967, for the CCA, WBA, and DOCL, respectively, for the students, compared with 0.977, 0.941, and 0.982, respectively, for the radiologists, and 0.980, 0.992, and 0.990, respectively, for all of the examiners together. In the analysis of intraobserver agreement, the ICC ranged from 0.929 to 0.959 for the CCA, from 0.918 to 0.964 for the WBA, and from 0.918 to 0.981 for the DOCL. Conclusion: The measurement of the CCA, WBA, and DOCL appears to show excellent intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver agreement on MRI.

Human enteroviruses (EVs) are associated with a wide spectrum of human diseases. Here we report the complete genome sequences of one EV-C99 strain and one E29 strain obtained from children suffering from acute gastroenteritis, without symptoms of enteroviral syndromes. This is the first report of EV-C99 in South America, and the second E29 genome described worldwide. Continuous surveillance on EVs is vital to provide further understanding of the circulation of new or rare EV serotypes in the country. The present study also highlights the capacity of EVs to remain in silent circulation in populations.

Human sapoviruses (HSaV) are considered important causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. However, knowledge of the genetic characteristics of the whole genome of HSaV in Brazil is limited. Here we report the complete genome sequences of six HSaVs GI.2 and two GI.3 strains obtained from children with acute gastroenteritis in the Northern region of Brazil. Next generation sequencing was used to obtain the full genome and molecular characterization of the genome was performed. Phylogenetic analysis of the genome was also performed. Only one complete HSaV GI.2 genome characterization in the country precedes that of the present study. This is the first complete genome sequence of genotype GI.3 in Brazil. The data obtained in this investigation can contribute to the augmentation of the database on the molecular diversity of HSaVs strains circulating in Brazil, and to the improvement of current typing protocols.

RESUMO Com essa pesquisa objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de anacardato de cálcio (ACC) como fonte de ácido anacárdico na dieta de frangos de corte sobre os parâmetros sanguíneos, atividade enzimática e oxidativa do fígado. Foram alojados 840 pintos machos de um dia de idade em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e sete repetições de 20 aves, totalizando 140 aves por tratamento. Os tratamentos aplicados foram: ração sem adição de promotor de crescimento (PC), ração com PC e, os demais, rações sem PC e adição de ACC nos níveis de 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1%. As variáveis bioquímicas do sangue analisadas foram: ácido úrico, colesterol total, HDL, LDL, creatinina, AST, ALT, triglicérides, número total de hemácias, hemoglobina, hematócrito, volume corpuscular médio, concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular, proteína plasmática total, leucócitos totais, heterófilos, linfócitos, plaquetas e a relação heterófilos/linfócitos. Para os parâmetros enzimáticos e oxidativos do fígado das aves foram analisados: concentração da superóxido desmultase, glutationa peróxidase e malondialdeído. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos nos parâmetros sanguíneos e na atividade enzimática e oxidativa do fígado dos frangos, indicando que o uso do anacardato de cálcio, como fonte de ácido anacárdico, não é tóxico e não afeta esses parâmetros.

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to evaluate the inclusion of calcium anacardate (CAC) as a source of anacardic acid in the diet of broiler chickens on blood parameters, and enzymatic and oxidative activity in the liver. A total of 840 male chicks, one day old, were kept in a completely randomised experimental design, with six treatments and seven replications of 20 birds, totalling 140 birds per treatment. The treatments consisted of feed without the addition of growth promoter (GP), feed with GP, and feed with no GP and the addition of CAC at levels of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1%. The biochemical blood variables to be analysed were uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, creatinine, AST, ALT, triglycerides, total erythrocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, total plasma protein, total leukocytes, heterophils, lymphocytes, platelets and heterophil/lymphocyte ratio. The concentrations of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde were analysed for the enzymatic and oxidative parameters in the liver. There were no significant differences between treatments in the blood parameters or the enzymatic and oxidative activity in the liver of the chickens, demonstrating that the use of calcium anacardate as a source of anacardic acid is non-toxic, and does not affect these parameters.

A espécie Lychnophora pohlii Sch. Bip.(Asteraceae), conhecida como "Arnica mineira", é uma planta largamente utilizada na medicina popular e muito abundante na vegetação de campo rupestre de altitude. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a densidade dessa espécie e sua relação entre os parâmetros do solo em uma área de campo rupestre em Diamantina, região do Alto Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais. Foram alocadas 10 plotas contíguas de 20 x 50 m, totalizando uma amostragem de 10.000 m², localizadas dentro do Campus Juscelino Kubitschek da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM). Nessas plotas, os indivíduos foram avaliados quanto à frequência, dominância e densidade. Estudou-se a relação da densidade dessa espécie com nove atributos químicos e físicos do solo por meio da análise de correspondência canônica (ACC). A maior abundância de indivíduos (I) da espécie Lychnophora pohlii Sch. Bip. foi verificada nas plotas de amostragem da vegetação de número 6, com 255 indivíduos; 7, com 173; 8, com 189; 9, com 159; e 1, com 151. Verificaram-se nessas plotas características florísticas e do solo semelhantes, resultando em uma proximidade espacial quando representadas nos diagramas da ACC. Maiores densidades da espécie Lychnophora pohlii Sch. Bip. foram encontradas em plotas com os maiores valores de pH, P-rem e saturação por bases, variáveis essas mais fortemente correlacionadas pelo primeiro eixo da análise de correspondência canônica.

Lychnophora pohlii Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae), known as "Arnica mineira", is widely used in folk medicine and very abundant in the altitude vegetation of rocky grassland. The aim of this work was to study the density of this species and its relationship with soil parameters in rocky grassland in Diamantina, in the Upper Jequitinhonha region, Minas Gerais. Ten contiguous 20 x 50 m plots were marked (total sampled area 10,000 m²) on the campus Juscelino Kubitschek of the Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM). The plants in these plots were evaluated for frequency, dominance and density. The relationship between the density of this species with nine soil physical and chemical properties was analyzed by means of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The highest plant abundance (I) of the species Lychnophora pohlii Sch. Bip. was found in the vegetation sampling areas: plot 6 with 255 plants, plot 7 with 173, plot 8 with 189, plot 9 with 159, and plot 1 with 151 plants. In these areas, the floristic soil characteristics were similar, resulting in spatial proximity in the ACC diagrams. The density of Lychnophora pohlii was higher in plots with higher pH, P-rem and base saturation, the variables most strongly correlated with the first axis of canonical correspondence analysis.

OBJETIVOS: Mensurar e comparar o grau de cifose torácica em mulheres idosas portadoras e não portadoras de osteoporose na coluna por meio da biofotogrametria computadorizada. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 12 mulheres com idade média de 68,5 anos (variação de 65 a 74 anos), divididas em dois grupos. O grupo 1, composto por seis mulheres com diagnóstico densitométrico de osteoporose na coluna (DP: -2,70 a -4,97) e o grupo 2, composto por seis mulheres com diagnóstico densitométrico de osteopenia na coluna (DP: 1,07 a -2,09), ambos comparados com a população adulta jovem. Os dois grupos foram fotografados no plano sagital direito com marcadores fixados na coluna em dois pontos anatômicos. As imagens selecionadas foram quantificadas por meio da biofotogrametria computadorizada, utilizando-se o programa Autocad-2006. RESULTADOS: Observou-se diferença significativa (p=0,02) entre os graus de cifose torácica do grupo 1 (66,8º±10,75) e do grupo 2 (53,0º±10,56). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados permitem concluir que a osteoporose acentua o grau de cifose torácica.

OBJECTIVES: To measure and compare the degree of thoracic kyphosis in older adult women with and without spinal osteoporosis, by means of computerized biophotogrammetry. METHODS: Twelve women of mean age 68.5 years (ranging from 65 to 74 years) were evaluated and divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of six women with a densitometry diagnosis of spinal osteoporosis (SD: -2.70 to -4.97), while Group 2 consisted of six women with a densitometry diagnosis of spinal osteopenia (SD: -1.07 to -2.09). These groups were compared with young adults. The two groups were photographed in the right sagittal plane with markers attached to the spine at two anatomical points. The images selected were quantified by means of computerized biophotogrammetry, using the software AutoCAD-2006. RESULTS: There was a significant difference (p=0.02) between the degrees of thoracic kyphosis in group 1 (66.8º±10.75) and group 2 (53.0º±10.56). CONCLUSION: The results showed that osteoporosis increased the degree of thoracic kyphosis.

In head and neck surgery, the common carotid arteries are important landmarks, defining dissection plane during radical neck surgeries. The objectives of the present study were to add information on the diameter of the carotid arteries and to correlate the common carotid artery (CCA) bifurcation level with important anatomical landmarks used regularly in clinical practice. Forty-six necks from male embalmed human cadavers were evaluated. The CCA as the external (ECA) and internal (ICA) carotid arteries diameters were studied with the aid of an electronic digital caliper. No differences were found between sides in any level studied. The CCA bifurcation level was measured in relation to clinically relevant anatomical landmarks (superior level of the thyroid cartilage, mandible angle and ear lobe) and the bifurcation level according to the cervical vertebra level was also investigated. Our study shows that the superior border of the thyroid cartilage was the most stable anatomical landmark for predicting the CCA bifurcation level. It is important to mention that from all the landmarks studied, the cervical vertebra was the only one to show differences between sides, with the left side bifurcation level more variable than the right side

En cirugías de cabeza y cuello, las arterias carótidas comunes son importantes puntos de referencia, para defnir el plano de disección, durante cirugías radicales de cuello. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron agregar información sobre el diámetro de las arterias carótidas y correlacionar el nivel de bifurcación de la arteria carótida común (ACC) con importantes puntos de referencia usados regularmente en la práctica clínica. Para la obtención de los objetivos planteados, fueron evaluados 46 cadáveres formolizados de individuos de sexo masculino. Se obtuvieron los diámetros de las arterias carótidas común, externa (ACE) e interna (ACI), con el auxilio de un caliper digital. No hubo diferencias entre lados derecho e izquierdo, ni tampoco en los niveles estudiados. El nivel de bifurcación de la ACC fue medido en relación a puntos de reparos anatómicos relevantes en clínica (margen superior del cartílago tiroides, ángulo de la mandíbula y lóbulo del pabellón auricular), como también en relación al nivel vertebral. Nuestro estudio mostró que el margen superior del cartílago tiroides fue el punto de referencia más estable para inferir el nivel de bifurcación de la ACC. Es importante mencionar que, de todos los puntos de referencia estudiados, la vértebra cervical fue la única que mostró diferencias entre los lados, siendo más variable el nivel de bifurcación en el lado izquierdo