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Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, occurs most commonly in Latin America. As the treatment is highly toxic and ineffective in the chronic phase of the disease, alternative treatments are needed. Through quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling (QSAR) analysis using ligand-based and structure-based virtual screening methods, we predicted the trypanocidal potential of 47 neolignans against three targets, the enzymes cruzain, trypanothione reductase, and sterol 14-alpha demethylase. A combined analysis allowed for the selection of potent inhibitors against Trypanosoma cruzi. Of these compounds, two were isolated and shown to inhibit the growth of epimastigotes at concentrations of 9.64 and 8.72 µM, and trypomastigote forms at 4.88 and 2.73 µM. Therefore, the compounds (2R, 3R)-2,3-dihydro-2 (4 methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5-(E)-propenylbenzofuran (46) and ottomentosa (47) may be a good option of growth inhibitors for the parasite stages and warrant additional study.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220113

Presence of SARS-CoV-2 in urban effluents in south-east Buenos Aires, Argentina, May 2020 to March 2022
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Cimmino, Carlos

; Rodrigues Capítulo, Leandro

; Lerman, Andrea

; Silva, Andrea

; Von Haften, Gabriela

; Comino, Ana P.

; Cigoy, Luciana

; Scagliola, Marcelo

; Poncet, Verónica

; Caló, Gonzalo

; Uez, Osvaldo

; Berón, Corina M.

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2023, Volume 47 elocation e94

Resumo: Pt Es En | Texto: Pt Es En | PDF: Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivos. Implementar e avaliar o uso de amostragem de águas residuais na detecção do coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2) em dois distritos costeiros da Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Métodos. No distrito de General Pueyrredon, amostras de 400 mL de águas residuais foram coletadas ao longo de 24 horas com um amostrador automático; já no distrito de Pinamar, foram coletados 20 L no total (2,2 L a intervalos de 20 minutos). As amostras foram coletadas uma vez por semana e concentradas por floculação com cloreto de polialumínio. A purificação do RNA e a amplificação e detecção de genes-alvo foram realizadas por meio de reação em cadeia da polimerase com transcrição reversa para diagnóstico clínico de esfregaços nasofaríngeos humanos. Resultados. Detectou-se presença de SARS-CoV-2 em águas residuais dos dois distritos. Em General Pueyrredon, o SARS-CoV-2 foi detectado na semana epidemiológica 28 de 2020, ou seja, 20 dias antes do início de um aumento no número de casos da doença provocada pelo coronavírus de 2019 (COVID-19) na primeira onda (semana epidemiológica 31) e 9 semanas antes de se registrar o número máximo de casos de COVID-19 confirmados em laboratório. No distrito de Pinamar, o genoma viral foi detectado na semana epidemiológica 51 de 2020, mas não foi possível realizar a amostragem novamente até a semana epidemiológica 4 de 2022, quando a circulação do vírus foi novamente constatada. Conclusões. Foi possível detectar o genoma do vírus SARS-CoV-2 em águas residuais, demonstrando a utilidade da aplicação da epidemiologia baseada em águas residuais para detectar e monitorar o SARS-CoV-2 em longo prazo.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Aplicar y evaluar la utilización de muestreos de aguas residuales como método para la detección del coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo de tipo 2 (SARS-CoV-2) en dos distritos costeros de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Métodos. Se utilizó un dispositivo de muestreo automático para tomar muestras de 400 mL de las aguas residuales de 24 horas en el distrito de General Pueyrredon, mientras que en el distrito de Pinamar se tomaron muestras de 2,2 L a intervalos de 20 minutos hasta un volumen total de 20 L. Los muestreos se realizaron una vez por semana. Las muestras se concentraron mediante floculación con policloruro de aluminio. La purificación del ARN y la amplificación y detección del gen diana se llevaron a cabo mediante la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con retrotranscripción para el diagnóstico clínico a partir de hisopados nasofaríngeos. Resultados. Se observó la presencia de SARS-CoV-2 en las aguas residuales de ambos distritos. En General Pueyrredon, el SARS-CoV-2 se halló en la semana epidemiológica 28 del 2020, es decir, 20 días antes del inicio del aumento de casos de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) registrado en la primera ola (semana epidemiológica 31) y nueve semanas antes de que se alcanzara el número máximo de casos de COVID-19 con confirmación de laboratorio. En el distrito de Pinamar se detectó el genoma viral en la semana epidemiológica 51 del 2020, pero solo se pudo volver a realizar el muestreo en la semana epidemiológica 4 del 2022, en la que se volvió a detectar la circulación del virus. Conclusiones. Se pudo detectar el genoma del virus SARS-CoV-2 en aguas residuales, lo que muestra la utilidad de la aplicación de la epidemiología de aguas residuales como método para la detección y el seguimiento del SARS-CoV-2 a largo plazo.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To implement and evaluate the use of wastewater sampling for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in two coastal districts of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Methods. In General Pueyrredon district, 400 mL of wastewater samples were taken with an automatic sampler for 24 hours, while in Pinamar district, 20 L in total (2.2 L at 20-minute intervals) were taken. Samples were collected once a week. The samples were concentrated based on flocculation using polyaluminum chloride. RNA purification and target gene amplification and detection were performed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for clinical diagnosis of human nasopharyngeal swabs. Results. In both districts, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in wastewater. In General Pueyrredon, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in epidemiological week 28, 2020, which was 20 days before the start of an increase in coronavirus virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in the first wave (epidemiological week 31) and 9 weeks before the maximum number of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases was recorded. In Pinamar district, the virus genome was detected in epidemiological week 51, 2020 but it was not possible to carry out the sampling again until epidemiological week 4, 2022, when viral circulation was again detected. Conclusions. It was possible to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus genome in wastewater, demonstrating the usefulness of the application of wastewater epidemiology for long-term SARS-CoV-2 detection and monitoring.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2023.94

Ocean-atmosphere turbulent CO2 fluxes at Drake Passage and Bransfield Strait
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RODRIGUES, CELINA CÂNDIDA F.

; SANTINI, MARCELO F.

; LIMA, LUCIANA S.

; SUTIL, UESLEI ADRIANO

; CARVALHO, JONAS T.

; CABRERA, MYLENE JEAN

; ROSA, ELIANA B.

; BURNS, JACOB W.

; PEZZI, LUCIANO P.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Supl. 3 elocation e20220652

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The oceans play an important role in mitigating climate change by acting as large carbon sinks, especially at high latitude regions. The Southern Ocean plays a major role in the global carbon dioxide (CO2) budget. This work aims to investigate the behavior of turbulent CO2 fluxes and quantify it under different atmospheric and oceanic conditions in the Drake Passage and Bransfield Strait regions on high spatiotemporal resolutions when compared with traditional CO2 fluxes estimations. The atmospheric stability condition was used to corroborate the description of CO2 fluxes. In situ, satellite, and reanalysis data from 08 to 22 November 2018, were used in this work. The Bransfield Strait uptaked 38.59% more CO2 than the Drake Passage due to the cold and fresh waters, allied to the influence of glacial meltwater dilution. Which increased the CO2 solubility, directing the CO2 fluxes to the ocean. The Bransfield Strait had predominantly stable atmospheric conditions, which contributed to this region acting as a CO2 sink. The Drake Passage, on average, behaved as a CO2 sink, mainly due to physical characteristics. This research contributes to a better understanding of the Southern Ocean’s role in the global carbon balance on scales that are very difficult to monitor.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220652

Glacial meltwater input to the ocean around the Antarctic Peninsula: forcings and consequences
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LIMA, LUCIANA S.

; PEZZI, LUCIANO P.

; MATA, MAURÍCIO M.

; SANTINI, MARCELO F.

; CARVALHO, JONAS T.

; SUTIL, UESLEI ADRIANO

; CABRERA, MYLENE J.

; ROSA, ELIANA B.

; RODRIGUES, CELINA C.F.

; VEGA, XIMENA A.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 Supl. 1 elocation e20210811

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Antarctic region has experienced recent climate and environmental variations due to climate change, such as ice sheets and ice shelves loss, and changes in the production, extension, and thickness of sea-ice. These processes mainly affect the freshwater supply to the Southern Ocean and its water masses formation and export, being crucial to changes in the global climate. Here, we review the influence of the glacial freshwater input on the Antarctic Peninsula adjacent ocean. We highlight each climate process’ relevance on freshwater contribution to the sea and present a current overview of how these processes are being addressed and studied. The increase of freshwater input into the ocean carries several implications on climate, regionally and globally. Due to glacier melting, the intrusion of colder and lighter water into the ocean increases the stratification of the water column, influencing the sea-ice increase and reducing ocean-atmosphere exchanges, affecting the global water cycle. This study shows the role of each hydrological cycle processes and their contributions to the regional oceanography and potentially to climate.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210811

Tritrophic relations and spatial distribution of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Cerrado and Caatinga regions in Piauí, Brazil
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Araújo, Edineia da Silva

; Silva, Luciana Barboza

; Jesus, Ricardo Fialho de

; Oliveira, Thayline Rodrigues de

; Lopes, José Wellington Batista

; Lopes, Gleidyane Novais

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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2022, Volume 66 Nº 2 elocation e20210117

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Knowledge about the spatial distribution of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and tritrophic interactions (fruit-fruit fly parasitoid) contributes to the monitoring and maintenance of the numerical density at a level lower than economic damage. The purpose of this study was to identify the spatial distribution and associations of fruit flies with their parasitoids and host plants in the municipality of Bom Jesus-PI. The flies were obtained from fruit collection from July 2018 to May 2019. A total of 1,711 individuals were obtained, represented by six species: Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835), An. fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830), An. alveata Stone, 1942, An. sororcula Zucchi, 1979, An. zenildae Zucchi, 1979 and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824). Anastrepha obliqua was the species with the widest distribution throughout the ecotone area. Ceratitis capitata is distributed only in the urban perimeter. A tritrophic relationship occurred between four species of parasitoids, Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck, 1958) or Opius sp. associated with An. obliqua in Spondias mombin or S. tuberosa fruits. Opius sp. has also been associated with An. alveata in Ximenia americana. Pachycrepoideus vindemiae was obtained from C. capitata in Malpighia emarginata, in addition to An. obliqua in Averrhoa carambola. Therefore, fruit flies are associated with native fruit trees (S. tuberosa, S. mombin, S. purpurea, P. acutangulum, Inga laurina, X. americana) and exotic fruits (M. emarginata, A. carambola, P. guajava). Ceratitis capitata was recorded for the first time in the state of Piauí infesting I. laurina (Sw.) Willd. This is the first record of the parasitoid genus Spalangia. in An. obliqua in Piauí and in the semiarid region of Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0117

O USO DE SOFTWARES LIVRES EM AULA PRáTICA SOBRE FILTROS MOLECULARES DE BIODISPONIBILIDADE ORAL DE FáRMACOS
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Rodrigues, Gabriela dos Santos

; Avelino, Júnior A

; Siqueira, Ariane L. N.

; Ramos, Luciana F. P.

; Santos, Gabriela B. dos

Química Nova

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Ago 2021, Volume 44 Nº 8 Páginas 1036 - 1044

Resumo: Pt | Texto: Pt | PDF: Pt

THE USE OF FREE SOFTWARES IN PRACTICAL CLASS ABOUT THE MOLECULAR FILTERS OF ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY OF DRUGS. The study of the physical chemical properties to predict the oral bioavailability of drugs is a widely tool used by researches on the Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry field. Even though it is a deeply studied subject, it is a complex task to teach to pharmacy students. Lipinski stablished that molecular weight, lipophilicity, hydrogen bond donors and acceptors are of great importance for oral bioavailability. In addition, Veber and Lovering added other properties, such as number of rotatable bonds, fraction of sp3 hybridized carbon and polar surface area that amplified the Lipinski Rule of 5. In this sense, the access to chemical databases and the comprehension of this information is an important task to undergraduate and graduate students. Thus, this work aims a new teaching methodology that values the critical interpretation of data and that favors the students comprehension beyond stablished rules.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170739 61 downloads

The Program for Biodiversity Research in Brazil: The role of regional networks for biodiversity knowledge, dissemination, and conservation
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ROSA, CLARISSA

; BACCARO, FABRICIO

; CRONEMBERGER, CECILIA

; HIPÓLITO, JULIANA

; BARROS, CLAUDIA FRANCA

; RODRIGUES, DOMINGOS DE JESUS

; NECKEL-OLIVEIRA, SELVINO

; OVERBECK, GERHARD E.

; DRECHSLER-SANTOS, ELISANDRO RICARDO

; ANJOS, MARCELO RODRIGUES DOS

; FERREGUETTI, ÁTILLA C.

; AKAMA, ALBERTO

; MARTINS, MARLÚCIA BONIFÁCIO

; TOMAS, WALFRIDO MORAES

; SANTOS, SANDRA APARECIDA

; FERREIRA, VANDA LÚCIA

; CUNHA, CATIA NUNES DA

; PENHA, JERRY

; PINHO, JOÃO BATISTA DE

; SALIS, SUZANA MARIA

; DORIA, CAROLINA RODRIGUES DA COSTA

; PILLAR, VALÉRIO D.

; PODGAISKI, LUCIANA R.

; MENIN, MARCELO

; BÍGIO, NARCÍSIO COSTA

; ARAGÓN, SUSAN

; MANZATTO, ANGELO GILBERTO

; VÉLEZ-MARTIN, EDUARDO

; SILVA, ANA CAROLINA BORGES LINS E

; IZZO, THIAGO JUNQUEIRA

; MORTATI, AMANDA FREDERICO

; GIACOMIN, LEANDRO LACERDA

; ALMEIDA, THAÍS ELIAS

; ANDRÉ, THIAGO

; SILVEIRA, MARIA AUREA PINHEIRO DE ALMEIDA

; SILVEIRA, ANTÔNIO LAFFAYETE PIRES DA

; MESSIAS, MARILUCE REZENDE

; MARQUES, MARCIA C.M.

; PADIAL, ANDRE ANDRIAN

; MARQUES, RENATO

; BITAR, YOUSZEF O.C.

; SILVEIRA, MARCOS

; MORATO, ELDER FERREIRA

; PAGOTTO, RUBIANI DE CÁSSIA

; STRUSSMANN, CHRISTINE

; MACHADO, RICARDO BOMFIM

; AGUIAR, LUDMILLA MOURA DE SOUZA

; FERNANDES, GERALDO WILSON

; OKI, YUMI

; NOVAIS, SAMUEL

; FERREIRA, GUILHERME BRAGA

; BARBOSA, FLÁVIA RODRIGUES

; OCHOA, ANA C.

; MANGIONE, ANTONIO M.

; GATICA, AILIN

; CARRIZO, MARÍA CELINA

; RETTA, LUCÍA MARTINEZ

; JOFRÉ, LAURA E.

; CASTILLO, LUCIANA L.

; NEME, ANDREA M.

; RUEDA, CARLA

; TOLEDO, JOSÉ JULIO DE

; GRELLE, CARLOS EDUARDO VIVEIROS

; VALE, MARIANA M.

; VIEIRA, MARCUS VINICIUS

; CERQUEIRA, RUI

; HIGASHIKAWA, EMÍLIO MANABU

; MENDONÇA, FERNANDO PEREIRA DE

; GUERREIRO, QUÊZIA LEANDRO DE MOURA

; BANHOS, AUREO

; HERO, JEAN-MARC

; KOBLITZ, RODRIGO

; COLLEVATTI, ROSANE GARCIA

; SILVEIRA, LUÍS FÁBIO

; VASCONCELOS, HERALDO L.

; VIEIRA, CECÍLIA RODRIGUES

; COLLI, GUARINO RINALDI

; CECHIN, SONIA ZANINI

; SANTOS, TIAGO GOMES DOS

; FONTANA, CARLA S.

; JARENKOW, JOÃO A.

; MALABARBA, LUIZ R.

; RUEDA, MARTA P.

; ARAUJO, PUBLIO A.

; PALOMO, LUCAS

; ITURRE, MARTA C.

; BERGALLO, HELENA GODOY

; MAGNUSSON, WILLIAM E.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 Nº 2 elocation e20201604

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) is an innovative program designed to integrate all biodiversity research stakeholders. Operating since 2004, it has installed long-term ecological research sites throughout Brazil and its logic has been applied in some other southern-hemisphere countries. The program supports all aspects of research necessary to understand biodiversity and the processes that affect it. There are presently 161 sampling sites (see some of them at Supplementary Appendix), most of which use a standardized methodology that allows comparisons across biomes and through time. To date, there are about 1200 publications associated with PPBio that cover topics ranging from natural history to genetics and species distributions. Most of the field data and metadata are available through PPBio web sites or DataONE. Metadata is available for researchers that intend to explore the different faces of Brazilian biodiversity spatio-temporal variation, as well as for managers intending to improve conservation strategies. The Program also fostered, directly and indirectly, local technical capacity building, and supported the training of hundreds of undergraduate and graduate students. The main challenge is maintaining the long-term funding necessary to understand biodiversity patterns and processes under pressure from global environmental changes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201604 1034 downloads

Antimicrobial activity of silver composites obtained from crosslinked polystyrene with polyHIPE structures
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Santos, Roberta Trovão

; Santos, Nathália Smith

; Oliveira, Mirian Araújo de

; Campeão, Fernanda de Andrade Buás

; Mandu, Maria Aparecida Larrubia Granado Moreira Rodrigues

; Marques, Mônica Regina Costa

; Costa, Luciana da Cunha

Polímeros

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2021, Volume 31 Nº 3 elocation e2021030

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The literature reports several potential applications of polymers prepared with high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). However, the evaluation of these materials as supports for antimicrobial agents has not been explored. In this work, silver composites based on polyHIPEs were prepared. Initial studies indicated that these materials can be efficient to prevent biofilm formation. The silver composites were prepared in three steps. First, HIPEs based on styrene-divinylbenzene were polymerized by aqueous suspension polymerization. These particles showed surface areas of 18 and 48 m2/g. These polyHIPEs were sulfonated with concentrated sulfuric acid or acetyl sulfate and showed cation exchange capacities of 4.03 and 5.07 meq/g respectively. The sulfonated material was impregnated with silver ions, followed by reduction of the ions to prepare silver composites. These composites showed inhibition halos against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. and did not present adhesion of bacterial cells of K. variicola and S. aureus on their surface.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.20210005

Evaluation of Toxocara canis Glycosylated TES Produced in Pichia pastoris for Immunodiagnosis of Human Toxocariasis
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Santos, Lucas Moreira dos

; Cerqueira, Michele Pepe

; Gaboardi, Giana Carla

; Magalhães, Carolina Georg

; Donassolo, Rafael Amaral

; Rodrigues, Rafael Rodrigues

; Griep, Emili

; Ferreira, Marcos Roberto

; Elefant, Guita Rubinsky

; Avila, Luciana Farias da Costa

; Scaini, Carlos James

; Moreira, Ângela Nunes

; Conceição, Fabricio Rochedo

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2020, Volume 63 elocation e20190148

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Recombinant proteins are a suggested alternative for the diagnosis of toxocariasis. The current Escherichia coli recombinant protein overexpression system usually produces insoluble products. As an alternative, yeast such as Pichia pastoris have secretory mechanisms, which could diminish the cost and time for production. This study aimed to produce recombinant proteins in Pichia pastoris and verify their sensibility and specificity in an indirect ELISA assay. Two sequences (rTES-30 and rTES-120) of Toxocara canis excretory-secretory antigens were cloned in a pPICZαB vector and expressed in P. pastoris KM71H. Sera samples collected from human adults infected by Toxocara spp. were tested by indirect ELISA using rTES-30 and rTES-120 as antigens. Recombinant proteins were detected at 72 hours after induction, in the supernatant, as pure bands between 60~70 kDa with hyperglycosylation. Regarding diagnosis potential, recombinant antigens had high specificity (95.6%); however, sensitivity was 55.6% for rTES-30 and 68.9% for rTES-120. Further deglycosylation of the P. pastoris antigens did not seem to affect ELISA performance (p>0.05). The low sensitivity in the serodiagnosis diminished any advantage that P. pastoris expression could have. Therefore, we do not recommend P. pastoris recombinant TES production as an alternative for the diagnosis of toxocariasis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2020190148 516 downloads

10.

Sesame production and composition compared with conventional forages
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Amorim, Diego Sousa

; Edvan, Ricardo Loiola

; Nascimento, Romilda Rodrigues do

; Bezerra, Leilson Rocha

; Araújo, Marcos Jácome

; Silva, Alex Lopes da

; Diogénes, Luciana Viana

; Oliveira, Ronaldo Lopes de

Chilean journal of agricultural research

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Dez 2019, Volume 79 Nº 4 Páginas 586 - 595

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Sesamum indicum L. has the potential to be cultivated as a forage plant in hot and dry climate regions, and it can be used to increase the food security of a herd. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, production, and chemical composition of S. indicum compared with conventional forages used for silage production. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with split-plots related to time and four replicates per treatment. The plots consisted of four treatments (Zea mays L., Helianthus annuus L., Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br., and S. indicum), and the subplots were two evaluation periods (2014 and 2016 harvests). Dry forage biomass production differed among the species in the 2014 harvest with values of 25 530, 12 190, 9408, and 9250 kg ha-1 for Z. mays, S. indicum, H. annuus, and P. glaucum, respectively. Maize had a greater variation in forage production between the 2 yr, followed by S. indicum. There were higher dry matter (DM) contents (P < 0.0001) for Z. mays and S. indicum (404.5 and 251.7 g kg-1, respectively). Regarding crude protein, H. annuus and S. indicum had levels of 167.2 and 117.7 g kg-1, respectively. According to the results, it can be inferred that sesame, like millet, provides greater feeding security for ruminant herds in regions with irregular rainfall.

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11.

Evaluation of antimicrobial action of silver composite microspheres based on styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer
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Mandu, Maria Aparecida Larrubia Granado Moreira Rodrigues

; Costa, Luciana da Cunha

; Tiosso, Rodrigo Bernardes

; Grasso, Rômulo Pires

; Calderari, Mônica Regina da Costa Marques

Polímeros

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2019, Volume 29 Nº 4 elocation e2019052

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract This article reports the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of a silver composite based on sulfonic resin. The antimicrobial action of the composite was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus through plate, batch and colunm experiments. In batch studies, the efficiency of the composite was evaluated as a function of composite mass, bacterial concentration and contact time. We also developed a method to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of this composite using column tests. The antimicrobial activity of the composite was similar against the three bacteria in halo inhibition and batch experiments. The antibacterial activity was 100% against all bacteria above 0.20 g of composite and for all concentrations of bacteria studied. Column studies showed that the composite (1 g) had 100% action against 48 cm3 of S. aureus and 55 cm3 of E. coli and P. aeruginosa suspensions (105 cells mL-1, 50 cm3 min-1).

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.00219 601 downloads

12.

Biochar and mucuna increase papaya plant growth and nutrition, as well as soil fertility
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Silva, Renato Veloso da

; Rodrigues, Luciana Aparecida

; Silva, Maurício Gonçalves da

; Silva, Bruna Gandini da

; Martins, Marco Antônio

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

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2019, Volume 49 elocation e55210

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A associação de biochar a adubos verdes no cultivo de mamoeiro pode ser uma técnica de manejo promissora, principalmente em sua primeira fase de cultivo. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de biochar e adubo verde (Mucuna aterrina) no crescimento e nutrição de mudas de Carica Papaya e na fertilidade do solo. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados (5 blocos), em esquema fatorial 2 x 2: presença e ausência de mucuna e presença e ausência de biochar. No crescimento da parte aérea e das raízes do mamoeiro, e também nas características químicas do solo, a aplicação de biochar ou mucuna resultou em incrementos significativos, enquanto a aplicação conjunta não proporcionou efeitos sinergísticos, exceto para o teor foliar de P. A aplicação de biochar e de biochar + adubo verde proporcionou rápido crescimento inicial em altura das plantas. No entanto, apresentou, também, deficiência visível de N, apesar dos maiores conteúdos e eficiência de utilização de N, P, K, Ca e Mg nas plantas. O efeito da aplicação conjunta de biochar e mucuna é sinérgico para o teor foliar de P e altura das plantas. A aplicação individual ou em conjunto de biochar e mucuna aumenta o crescimento e nutrição de plantas de mamão e mantém a fertilidade do solo.

ABSTRACT The association between biochar and green manure in the papaya crop may be a promising management technique, mainly in its first growth stage. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biochar and green manure (Mucuna aterrina) on the growth and nutrition of Carica papaya seedlings, as well as on soil fertility. The experiment followed a randomized block design (5 blocks), in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement: with and without mucuna and with and without biochar. The biochar or mucuna application significantly increased the papaya plant shoot and root growth, as well as the chemical features of the soil, whereas their joint application did not provide synergistic effects, except for the leaf P concentration. The application of biochar and biochar + mucuna enabled a fast initial increase in plant height. However, it also showed a visible N deficiency, despite the increased N, P, K, Ca and Mg accumulation and use efficiency in the plants. The effect of the biochar/mucuna joint application is synergistic for the leaf P content and plant height. The individual or joint application of biochar and mucuna increases the papaya plant growth and nutrition and maintains the soil fertility.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632019v4955210 1169 downloads

13.

The potential of compounds isolated from Xylaria spp. as antifungal agents against anthracnose
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Elias, Luciana M.

; Fortkamp, Diana

; Sartori, Sérgio B.

; Ferreira, Marília C.

; Gomes, Luiz H.

; Azevedo, João L.

; Montoya, Quimi V.

; Rodrigues, André

; Ferreira, Antonio G.

; Lira, Simone P.

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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Dez 2018, Volume 49 Nº 4 Páginas 840 - 847

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Anthracnose is a crop disease usually caused by fungi in the genus Colletotrichum or Gloeosporium. These are considered one of the main pathogens, causing significant economic losses, such as in peppers and guarana. The current forms of control include the use of resistant cultivars, sanitary pruning and fungicides. However, even with the use of some methods of controlling these cultures, the crops are not free of anthracnose. Additionally, excessive application of fungicides increases the resistance of pathogens to agrochemicals and cause harm to human health and the environment. In order to find natural antifungal agents against guarana anthracnose, endophytic fungi were isolated from Amazon guarana. The compounds piliformic acid and cytochalasin D were isolated by chromatographic techniques from two Xylaria spp., guided by assays with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The isolated compounds were identified by spectrometric techniques, as NMR and mass spectrometry. This is the first report that piliformic acid and cytochalasin D have antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides with MIC 2.92 and 2.46 µmol mL-1 respectively. Captan and difenoconazole were included as positive controls (MIC 16.63 and 0.02 µmol mL-1, respectively). Thus, Xylaria species presented a biotechnological potential and production of different active compounds which might be promising against anthracnose disease.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2018.03.003 1176 downloads

14.

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in childhoodonset systemic lupus erythematosus: a severe disease flare with serious outcome
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Blay, Gabriela

; Rodrigues, Joaquim C.

; Ferreira, Juliana C. O.

; Leal, Gabriela N.

; Gormezano, Natali W.

; Novak, Glaucia V.

; Pereira, Rosa M. R.

; Terreri, Maria T.

; Magalhães, Claudia S.

; Molinari, Beatriz C.

; Sakamoto, Ana P.

; Aikawa, Nadia E.

; Campos, Lucia M. A.

; Fernandes, Taciana A. P.

; Clemente, Gleice

; Peracchi, Octavio A. B.

; Bugni, Vanessa

; Marini, Roberto

; Sacchetti, Silvana B.

; Carvalho, Luciana M.

; Fraga, Melissa M.

; Castro, Tânia C. M.

; Ramos, Valéria C.

; Bonfá, Eloisa

; Silva, Clovis A.

Advances in Rheumatology

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2018, Volume 58 elocation 39

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective: To evaluate prevalence, clinical manifestations, laboratory abnormalities and treatment in a multicenter cohort study including 847 childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) patients with and without diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), as well as concomitant parameters of severity. Methods: DAH was defined as the presence of at least three respiratory symptoms/signs associated with diffuse interstitial/alveolar infiltrates on chest x-ray or high-resolution computer tomography and sudden drop in hemoglobin levels. Statistical analysis was performed using Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0022). Results: DAH was observed in 19/847 (2.2%) cSLE patients. Cough/dyspnea/tachycardia/hypoxemia occurred in all cSLE patients with DAH. Concomitant parameters of severity observed were: mechanical ventilation in 14/19 (74%), hemoptysis 12/19 (63%), macrophage activation syndrome 2/19 (10%) and death 9/19 (47%). Further analysis of cSLE patients at DAH diagnosis compared to 76 cSLE control patients without DAH with same disease duration [3 (1–151) vs. 4 (1–151) months, p = 0.335], showed higher frequencies of constitutional involvement (74% vs. 10%, p < 0.0001), serositis (63% vs. 6%, p < 0.0001) and sepsis (53% vs. 9%, p < 0.0001) in the DAH group. The median of disease activity score(SLEDAI-2 K) was significantly higher in cSLE patients with DAH [18 (5–40) vs. 6 (0–44), p < 0.0001]. The frequencies of thrombocytopenia (53% vs. 12%, p < 0.0001), intravenous methylprednisolone (95% vs. 16%, p < 0.0001) and intravenous cyclophosphamide (47% vs. 8%, p < 0.0001) were also significantly higher in DAH patients. Conclusions: This was the first study to demonstrate that DAH, although not a disease activity score descriptor, occurred in the context of significant moderate/severe cSLE flare. Importantly, we identified that this condition was associated with serious disease flare complicated by sepsis with high mortality rate.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-018-0038-4 467 downloads

15.

Mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in endemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates after an SPM-1 metallo-β-lactamase producing strain subsided in an intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in Brazil
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Cacci, Luciana Camila

; Chuster, Stephanie Gomes

; Martins, Natacha

; Carmo, Pâmella Rodrigues do

; Girão, Valéria Brígido de Carvalho

; Nouér, Simone Aranha

; Freitas, Wania Vasconcelos de

; Matos, Juliana Arruda de

; Magalhães, Ana Cristina de Gouveia

; Ferreira, Adriana Lúcia Pires

; Picão, Renata Cristina

; Moreira, Beatriz Meurer

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Set 2016, Volume 111 Nº 9 Páginas 551 - 558

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Carbapenem-resistance mechanisms are a challenge in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. We investigated changes in P. aeruginosa carbapenem-resistance determinants over a time period of eight years after the emergence of São Paulo metallo-β-lactamase in a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were screened for P. aeruginosa colonisation and followed for the occurrence of infections from April 2007 to April 2008. The ICU environment was also sampled. Isolates were typed using random amplified polymorphic DNA, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion and E-test, production of carbapenemases by a modified-CarbaNP test and presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes by polymerase chain reaction. Non-carbapenemase resistance mechanisms studied included efflux and AmpC overexpression by PAβN and cloxacillin susceptibility enhancement, respectively, as well as oprD mutations. From 472 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates (93 patients) and 17 isolates from the ICU environment, high genotypic diversity and several international clones were observed; one environment isolate belonged to the blaSPM-1 P. aeruginosa epidemic genotype. Among isolates from infections, 10 (29%) were carbapenem resistant: none produced carbapenemases, three exhibited all non-carbapenemase mechanisms studied, six presented a combination of two mechanisms, and one exclusively displayed oprD mutations. Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa displayed a polyclonal profile after the SPM-1 epidemic genotype declined. This phenomenon is connected with blaSPM-1 P. aeruginosa replaced by other carbapenem-resistant pathogens.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760160116 1542 downloads

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