Abstract Objective: To compare high and low-fidelity simulations for the recognition of respiratory distress and failure in urgency and emergency pediatric scenarios. Methods: 70 fourth-year medical students were randomly distributed in high and low-fidelity groups and simulated different types of respiratory problems. Theory tests, performance checklists, and satisfaction and self-confidence questionnaires were used in the assessment. Face-to-face simulation and memory retention was applied. The statistics were evaluated by averages and quartiles, Kappa, and generalized estimating equations. The p-value was considered 0.05. Results: In the theory test there was an increase in scores in both methodologies (p < 0.001 ); in memory retention (p = 0.043) and at the end of the process the high-fidelity group had better results. The performance in the practical checklists was better after the second simulation (p > 0,05). The high-fidelity group felt more challenged in both phases (p = 0.042; p = 0.018) and showed greater self-confidence to recognize changes in clinical conditions and in memory retention (p = 0.050). The same group, in relation to the hypothetical real patient to be treated in the future, felt better confident to recognize respiratory distress and failure (p = 0.008; p = 0.004), and better prepared to make a systematic clinical evaluation of the patient in memory retention (p = 0.016). Conclusion: The two levels of simulations enhance diagnostic skills. High fidelity improves knowledge, leads the student to feel more challenged and more self-confident in recognizing the severity of the clinical case, including memory retention, and showed benefits regarding self-confidence in recognizing respiratory distress and failure in pediatric cases.

Abstract Six Brazilian commercial brands of snack bars were chosen to evaluate the importance of packaging, highlighting the potential of health claims on the acceptability of them. One hundred and two consumers evaluated bars in three sessions of acceptance test, using a nine-point hedonic scale: the first with no information about the product, the second containing the packaging of the product and the last with information on health-related claims associated with the consumption of the bar. A Randomized Complete Block Design structured the experiment. The results were analyzed using frequency distribution, internal preference mapping, ANOVA and Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). In the blind test, the lower mean acceptance of the seed and protein bars showed the need for sensorial improvement. In the packaging test, the difference between the means show that the packaging of the bars evaluated did not differ on acceptance, differing only from the protein bar. Test with the information showed that information of health claims, for the most part, can positively influence sensory acceptance, even if in some cases there is no sensory pleasure.

Uma climatologia de frentes frias é estabelecida para o litoral do Estado de Santa Catarina, com base nos dados de reanálises do NCEP-NCAR, do período de 10 anos, de 1990 a 1999. As passagens de frentes frias foram objetivamente identificadas levando em conta o giro do vento para direção sul, persistência do vento de sul por pelo menos um dia, e uma queda de temperatura do ar simultânea ao giro do vento ou até dois dias depois. Os resultados mostram que, na média, de 3 a 4 frentes frias atingem a costa de Santa Catarina, mensalmente, com um intervalo de 8 dias. As análises da composição de dados, usando como referência os dias de passagens de frentes frias em Santa Catarina, mostram claramente um padrão climatológico de evolução com frente fria movendo-se tipicamente de sudoeste para nordeste. Em termos das médias sazonais, durante o inverno, um dia antes da passagem em Santa Catarina (dia -1), a frente fria é observada no Rio Grande do Sul, e depois de passar por Santa Catarina (dia 0), continua avançando para latitudes mais baixas, alcançando o litoral do Rio de Janeiro um dia depois (dia +1), até atingir posteriormente latitude de aproximadamente 20ºS (dia +2), já em fase de dissipação. No terceiro dia após a passagem por Santa Catarina, ela não é mais identificada. Padrão climatológico de evolução semelhante é observado no verão, embora nessa época as frentes frias tenham menor intensidade e dissipação ligeiramente mais rápida.

A climatology of cold fronts at the coast of State do Santa Catarina, Brazil, is established based on 10-year period (1990-1999) of NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data. The cold front passages were objectively identified taking into account the wind shifts to a southerly direction, as well as the persistence of southerly wind for at least one day, and a decreasing of air temperature. The results show that, on the average, 3 to 4 cold fronts reach coast of Santa Catarina, each month, with an interval of 8 days. The composite data analysis, using the date of days of cold front passages at Santa Catarina as reference, shows clearly a climatological pattern of evolution, with cold front moving typically from southwest to northeast. In terms of seasonal mean, during winter, one day before reaching coast of Santa Catarina (day -1) the cold front is observed at Rio Grande do Sul. After passing at Santa Catarina (day 0), it continues to move equatorward, reaching the coast of Rio de Janeiro one day later (day +1), until it reaches latitudes close to 20ºS (day +2), in the its stage of dissipation. In the third day, after the passage at Santa Catarina, the cold front is no more observed. Similar pattern of evolution is observed during summer, though the cold fronts are less intense and of slightly more rapid dissipation.