Objective: As the older population increases, it is important to identify factors that may reduce the risks of dementia in the general population. One such factor is the concept of cognitive reserve (CR). The present study analyzed the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Reserve Assessment Scale in Health (CRASH) in the Brazilian population. This scale was originally developed to measure CR in individuals with severe mental illness. We also investigated the relationship between the CRASH and clinical or sociodemographic variables. Methods: This study was conducted with 398 individuals. We assessed sociodemographic variables and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale [DASS-21]) using a web-based survey. We constructed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model in order to test the goodness of fit of the factor structure proposed in the original CRASH study. Results: The McDonald’s hierarchical ω for CRASH using CFA parameters was 0.61, and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient indicated good internal consistency when considering all items (alpha = 0.7). Conclusions: Our results suggest that CRASH can be used to assess CR in the general population in Brazil.

Apresentamos uma revisão sobre a primeira técnica de gravação/reprodução de som e exemplos de transcrições dos principais tipos de suporte físico de gravação fabricados comercialmente entre 1889 e 1929. As transcrições foram realizadas com um aparato que utiliza um mandril acoplado a um motor de passo, uma cápsula fonocaptora na extremidade de um braço giratório, uma interface de áudio e um computador, para transcrever o som registrado em cilindros em um formato digital. Os áudios foram identificados em catálogos e estão disponíveis na web.

We present a review of the first sound recording/reproduction technique and examples of transcriptions of the main types of recording media manufactured commercially between 1889 and 1929. The transcriptions were performed with an apparatus using a mandrel coupled to a stepper motor, a pickup phono cartridge at the end of a pivoting arm, an audio interface and a computer, to transcribe the sound recorded on the cylinders in a digital format. The audios were identified in catalogs and are available on the web.