RESUMO Os nutrientes contidos nos dejetos líquidos dos suínos (PS) fazem desse resíduo um potencial adubo orgânico para o cultivo de espécies florestais destinado a produção de madeiras, podendo promover a economia circular. Essa pesquisa objetivou avaliar parâmetros químicos do solo, status nutricional e desenvolvimento de um clone de eucalipto híbrido urograndis em função da aplicação de PS por três anos seguidos. Os tratamentos avaliados foram sem adubação (C); adubação mineral (NPK) – 300 kg ha-1 ano-1 da formulação 02-30-10; fertirrigação com PS de 200 m3 ha-1 ano-1 (FPS200); e fertirrigação com PS de 400 m3 ha-1 ano-1(FPS400). Macronutrientes e micronutrientes das folhas e do solo foram avaliados. O desenvolvimento das árvores foi analisado por meio do diâmetro do caule à altura do peito (DAP) e da altura total (Ht). Os tratamentos com PS resultaram em folhas com maior acúmulo de K e P e menor acúmulo de N, Ca, M, S, Cu e Fe. Os tratamentos FPS200 e FPS400 apresentaram DAP e Ht igual ou superior à adubação mineral. As adubações com NPK, FPS200 e FPS400 resultaram, respectivamente, em incrementos de DAP 16, 27 e 30% superiores ao controle. Em relação aos atributos químicos do solo, o uso de PS reduziu o pH do solo e elevou os teores de P em comparação com os outros tratamentos. Os valores de micronutrientes foram adequados para a fertilidade e não se observou acúmulo de elementos potencialmente tóxicos a um nível considerado nocivo. A aplicação de PS em eucalipto híbrido urograndis mostrou-se uma alternativa atrativa de ampliação de produção da madeira.

ABSTRACT The nutrients contained in the liquid pig slurry (PS) make this residue a potential organic fertilizer for the cultivation of tree species for the production of wood, which can promote the circular economy. This research aimed to evaluate soil chemical parameters, nutritional status, and development of hybrid eucalyptus clone urograndis from PS application for three consecutive years. The treatments evaluated were without fertilization (C); mineral fertilization (NPK) – 300 kg ha-1 year1 of the 02-30-10 formulation; fertigation with PS of 200 m3 ha-1 year1 (FPS200); and fertigation with PS of 400 m3 ha-1 year1 (FPS400). Macronutrients and micronutrients from leaves and soil were evaluated. Tree development was analyzed using stem diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height (Ht). PS treatments resulted in leaves with higher accumulation of K and P and lower accumulation of N, Ca, M, S, Cu, and Fe. The treatments FPS200 and FPS400 presented DBH and Ht equal or superior to the mineral fertilization. Fertilizations with NPK, FPS200, and FPS400 resulted, respectively, in DBH increments 16, 27, and 30% higher than the control. Regarding the chemical attributes of the soil, the use of PS reduced the pH of the soil and increased the levels of P in comparison with the other treatments. The micronutrient values were adequate for fertility and no accumulation of potentially toxic elements at a level considered harmful was observed. The application of PS in eucalyptus hybrid urograndis proved to be an attractive alternative to increase wood production.

Resumo Fundamento O pterostilbeno (PS), um composto polifenólico natural e antioxidante, surge como uma intervenção promissora para minimizar danos do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do PS na promoção da homeostase redox nos pulmões e no ventrículo direito (VD) de animais infartados. Métodos Ratos Wistar machos (60 dias de idade) foram randomizados em três grupos: SHAM, IAM (infarto) e IAM+PS (IAM + pterostilbeno). Sete dias após o procedimento de IAM, os ratos foram tratados com PS (100 mg/kg/dia) por gavagem por oito dias. Os animais foram depois sacrificados e os pulmões e VD foram coletados para análise do balanço redox (diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando p<0,05). Resultados Nossos resultados mostram que o IAM desencadeia a interrupção redox no VD e nos pulmões, o que pode contribuir para danos induzido pelo IAM nesses órgãos. Consistentemente, o PS mitigou o estresse oxidativo e restaurou as defesas antioxidantes (Glutationa – GSH nos pulmões: SHAM = 0,79 ± 0,07; IAM = 0,67 ± 0,05; IAM + PS = 0,86 ± 0,14; p<0,05), indicando seu papel protetor neste cenário. Conclusão Nosso trabalho evidencia o potencial do uso de PS como abordagem terapêutica adjuvante após IAM para proteção dos tecidos pulmonares e cardíacos direitos.

Abstract Background Pterostilbene (PS), a natural and antioxidant polyphenolic compound emerges as a promising intervention in improving the myocardial infarction (MI) damages. Objetives This study aimed to evaluate PS actions in promoting redox homeostasis in lungs and right ventricle (RV) of infarcted animals. Methods Male Wistar rats (60 day-old) were randomized into three groups: SHAM, MI (infarcted), and MI+PS (MI+pterostilbene). Seven days after MI procedure, rats were treated with PS (100 mg/kg/day) via gavage for eight days. Animals were euthanized and the lungs and RV were harvested for analyses of redox balance (Differences were considered significant when p<0.05). Results Our results show that MI triggers a redox disruption scenario in RV and lungs, which can contribute to MI-induced damage on these organs. Consistently, PS mitigated oxidative stress and restored antioxidant defenses (GSH in lungs: SHAM= 0.79±0.07; MI=0.67±0.05; MI+PS=0.86±0.14; p<0.05), indicating its protective role in this scenario. Conclusions Our work evidences the PS potential use as an adjuvant therapeutic approach after MI focusing on protecting pulmonary and right-sided heart tissues.

Abstract Grape pomace (GP) and pecan shell (PS) are agro-industrial by-products rich in healthy bioactives, mainly phenolic compounds (PC) and dietary fiber (DF). Raw GP and PS were chemically characterized, and the adsorption isotherms of their PC-insoluble DF (IDF) complexes were evaluated. GP and PS statistically differed (p < 0.05) in chemical and physicochemical properties. Total PC, total flavonoids, and IDF were higher in GP. Thirteen and eight PC were identified in GP and PS by HPLC-MS/MS chromatography, finding isoquercetin and type B dimer and trimer procyanidins as the most abundant compounds. PC-IDF (phenolic compounds-insoluble dietary fiber) adsorption isotherms were determined by both spectroscopic (Freundlich) and HPLC-MS/MS (Freundlich/Langmuir) techniques, observing that PS IDF presented higher PC adsorption at all tested concentrations. Epicatechin, isoquercetin, and quercetin were the main identified PC in both by-products, and were able to fit to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm by HPLC-MS/MS.

Abstract Phenylketonuria (PKU) requires tight control to prevent neurocognitive impairment but reports show that patients may present mild cognitive defects related to higher impulsivity. We hypothesize that chronic intervention may influence the parents and child bonding and the child´s resources to face problems. To describe the PKU parenting styles perceived by the children (PS) and their coping strategies (CS) assessing their relationship with impulsivity, 30 early diagnosed and adequately treated PKU children and 30 non PKU aged-paired controls (CG) were compared. The Argentine Children´s Coping Questionnaire, Argentine Scale Perception of the Relationship with Parents, WISC IV Comprehension Subtest, and CPT II test were administered. PKU PS were based on control: strict to pathologic in the mother and acceptable in the father (both p<0.05 vs. CG). Children significantly sought greater support and showed less emotional control when facing conflicts. These characteristics positively correlated with maternal control r:.383 and r:.398 (both p<0.05). Impulsivity was higher in PKU (p<0.05) but didn´t associate with PS or CS. Maternal strict control wasn´t linked to the higher impulsivity found (possibly neurobiologically based). Nevertheless, if both factors are present, patients may develop a psychological and/or behavioral trait of greater dependency and impulsivity that must be considered in their follow-up.

RESUMO Introdução: A SP pode ocorrer isoladamente ou associada a outras doenças, mas sua responsabilidade como causa de dor nas articulações é justificada quando outras alterações intra-articulares que explicam os sintomas não são detectadas ou quando estão associadas a outras doenças e à PS vascularizado e irritado O diagnóstico positivo é difícil tanto do ponto de vista clínico quanto de imagem, portanto a artroscopia é o padrão-ouro, para confirmar sua presença e realizar o tratamento. Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade do tratamento artroscópico na percepção da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em 72 pacientes com plica sinovial. Método: um estudo de intervenção terapêutica prospectivo, longitudinal, quase experimental, antes e depois foi realizado no departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital Carlos Manuel de Céspedes em Bayamo, no período de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2018, Por se tratar de um estudo quase-experimental, foi realizada uma análise intragrupo, comparando os dados pré e pós-tratamento. Resultados: predominou o sexo feminino; nas idades entre 30 e 44 anos, as plicae suprapatelar foram frequentes. A manifestação clínica mais frequente foi dor, seguida de crepitação. A escala visual analógica mostrou melhora com uma diminuição estatisticamente significante. Conclusões: a eficácia da artroscopia foi demonstrada. A complicação mais frequente foi hemartrose pós-operatória.

ABSTRACT Introduction: PS can occur in isolation or associated with other diseases, but its responsibility as a cause of joint pain is justified when other intra-articular alterations that explain the symptoms are not detected or when it is associated with other diseases and the PS vascularized and irritated. Positive diagnosis is difficult both from a clinical and imaging point of view, hence arthroscopy is the gold standard, to confirm its presence and carry out treatment. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of arthroscopic treatment in the perception of health-related quality of life in 72 patients with synovial plica. Method: a prospective, longitudinal, quasi-experimental, before-after, therapeutic intervention study was carried out in the Orthopedics and Traumatology department of the Carlos Manuel de Céspedes Hospital in Bayamo, in the period from January 2017 to December 2018, As it was a quasi-experimental study, an intragroup analysis was carried out, comparing the pre and post-treatment data. Results: the female sex prevailed, in the ages between 30 to 44 years, suprapatellar plicae were frequent. The most frequent clinical manifestation was pain, followed by crepitus. The visual analog scale showed improvement with a statistically significant decrease. Conclusions: the effectiveness of arthroscopy was demonstrated. The most frequent complication was postoperative hemarthrosis.

RESUMEN Introducción: la PS se puede presentar de forma aislada o asociada a otras enfermedades, pero su responsabilidad como causa de dolor de la articulación se justifica cuando no se detectan otras alteraciones intraarticulares que expliquen los síntomas o cuando se asocia a otras enfermedades y se observa la PS vascularizada e irritada. El diagnóstico positivo es difícil tanto desde el punto visto clínico como imagenológico, de allí que la artroscopia constituye el estándar de oro, para confirmar su presencia y realizar el tratamiento. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento artroscópico en la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en 72 pacientes con plica sinovial. Método: se realizó un estudio de intervención terapéutica del tipo antes-después, prospectivo, longitudinal, cuasi - experimental, en el servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Hospital Carlos Manuel de Céspedes de Bayamo, en el periodo comprendido de enero 2017 a diciembre 2018, al tratarse de un estudio cuasi-experimental, se llevó a cabo un análisis intragrupo, comparando los datos pre y postratamiento. Resultados: prevaleció el sexo femenino, en las edades comprendidas entre los 30 a 44 años, las plicas suprapatelares fueron frecuentes. La manifestación clínica más frecuente fue el dolor, seguido de la crepitación. La escala analógica visual mostró mejoría con disminución estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: se demostró la efectividad de la artroscopia. La complicación más frecuente fue la hemartrosis posquirúrgica.

Resumen Introducción. Venezuela posee más de dos millones de hectáreas aptas para el cultivo de arroz, de las cuales se aprovechan alrededor del 25 %, bajo el sistema de producción con riego por inundación con diversas tecnologías de manejo agronómico y ambientes que podrían afectar la expresión fenotípica de los materiales genéticos. Objetivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue cuantificar la magnitud de la interacción genotipo ambiente (IGA), para estratificar los ambientes de cultivo de arroz bajo riego a través de cinco métodos analíticos y determinar su asociación. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron ocho genotipos de arroz en doce ambientes resultantes de la combinación de localidades y épocas de siembra en las regiones de los Llanos Centrales y Occidentales de Venezuela, durante los años 2012-2013. La estratificación de ambientes se efectuó con base en cinco métodos: tradicional de Lin (TL), distancia euclidiana (DE), porcentaje simple de la IGA (% PS), correlación de Pearson (rxy) y análisis de factores (AF). Se utilizó el diseño estadístico bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones en parcelas de 20 m2. Resultados. El ANOVA detectó IGA significativa, explicando el 35 % de la variación total. Los ambientes favorables para arroz representaron el 33 %. Los métodos utilizados TL, DE, % PS, rxy y AF agruparon los doce ambientes de arroz bajo riego en 10, 5, 8, 10 y 3 grupos, respectivamente; los mismos no fueron eficientes en identificar ambientes diferentes cuando se utilizaron distintas épocas de siembra en una misma localidad. Conclusiones. El método análisis de factores fue más eficiente en identificar ambientes homogéneos, complementado con los métodos % PS y TL que presentaron asociación moderada. Los ambientes Bancos de San Pedro y Asoportuguesa resultaron más informativos e indicados para evaluación de genotipos de arroz, lo contrario ocurrió con las localidades Araure, Algodonal y Torunos.

Abstract Introduction. Venezuela has more than two million hectares suitable for rice production, of which about the 25% are exploited, under the production system with flood irrigation with various agronomic management technologies and environments that could affect the phenotypic expression of the genetic materials. Objective. The objective of this work was to quantify the magnitude of the environmental genotype interaction (IGA) to stratify the irrigated rice environments through five analytical methods and determine their association. Materials and methods. Eight rice genotypes were evaluated in twelve environments resulting from the combination of localities and planting seasons in the regions of the Central and Western Plains of Venezuela, during the years 2012-2013. The stratification of environments was made based on five methods: traditional Lin (TL), Euclidean distance (ED), simple percentage of IGA (% SP), Pearson correlation (rxy), and factor analysis (AF). The randomized complete block statistical design was used with three repetitions in 20 m2 plots. Results. ANOVA detected significant IGA, explaining 35% of the total variation. Favorable environments for rice represented 33%. The methods used TL, ED, % SP, rxy, and AF grouped the twelve irrigated rice environments into 10, 5, 8, 10, and 3 groups respectively; they were not efficient in identifying different environments when different planting seasons were used in the same locality. Conclusions. The factor analysis method was more efficient in identifying homogeneous environments, complemented with % SP and TL methods that presented moderate association. The Bancos of San Pedro and Asoportuguesa environments were more informative and indicated for the evaluation of rice genotypes. The opposite occurred with the Araure, Algodonal, and Torunos localities.

ABSTRACT Vermicomposted vegetal and animal residues are rich in nutrients and humic substances and thus can be applied to the soil as a source of functionalized organic matter (OM) and as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. In Southern Brazil, many animal and vegetal residues are easily accessible. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate alterations in soil chemical properties and OM chemical composition in response to the application of local vermicomposted residues. The vermicomposts of: cattle manure (CM), sheep manure (SM), rice parboiling sludge (PS), CM+PS; SM+PS; CM+food waste (FW); SM+FW; CM+fruit waste (FRW); and SM+FRW were mixed with Acrisol (Argissolo) samples collected at 0.00-0.20 m layer, and the samples were incubated in plastic bags for 182 days. Soil samples without vermicomposts were also incubated (control). Overall, vermicomposts increased soil pH(H2O), exchangeable Ca and available P and K contents. The treatments with CM or SM with FW promoted carbon accumulation in the soil compared to the control, especially as humin. The humic acids of SM and PS were more oxygenated than the others, and oxygenation was apparently associated with aromatic structures. Fulvic acids of CM+PS showed the greatest oxygenation and aliphatic character. The relationship between vermicompost origin (animal or vegetal) and soil properties or OM composition was not clear. Aromaticity degree (H/C) and C/N ratio were similar in fulvic and humic acids, and oxygenation degree (O/C) as well as polarity index [(O+N)/C] were more efficient parameters to distinguish these humic fractions. We concluded that vermicomposts derived from cheap and easily available vegetal and animal residues in Southern Brazil have great potential as alternative fertilizers as well as sources of functionalized OM when applied to the soil, especially vermicomposts of rice parboiling sludge and cattle or sheep manure mixed with food waste.

Introduction: Long-term Parenteral Support (PS) can be associated with serious complications, with a significant deterioration in the quality of life of patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Teduglutide is a recombinant analogue of glucagon-like peptide-2; it belongs to a novel therapeutic family and represents the first non-symptomatic approach against SBS. Objectives: To review the non-clinical and clinical data on efficacy and safety of teduglutide. Results: Teduglutide approval was based on results from a pivotal Phase III, 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (STEPS). SBS patients dependent on PS ≥ 3 times/week for ≥ 12 months received 0.05 mg/kg teduglutide (n = 43) or placebo (n = 43) 1 time/day. At week 24 there were significantly more responders in the teduglutide group vs. placebo (63 vs. 30%; p = 0.002). The overall mean reduction vs. PS baseline volume at week 24 was significantly higher with teduglutide vs. placebo (4.4 vs. 2.3 l/ week, p < 0.001). At week 24 the need for PS was reduced in at least 1 day in 54% of patients treated with teduglutide vs. 23% with placebo. Of the total of patients who received teduglutide in phase III trials (n = 134), 12% achieved complete autonomy from PS. Subcutaneous teduglutide was generally well tolerated. Conclusions: Teduglutide has been shown to enhance intestinal absorptive capacity and significantly reduce PS dependency, even achieving independency in some patients.

Introducción: la nutrición parenteral (NP) a largo plazo puede asociarse a complicaciones graves, con un deterioro importante de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con síndrome de intestino corto (SIC). La teduglutida, un análogo del péptido-2 similar al glucagón, pertenece a una nueva familia terapéutica y representa el primer abordaje no sintomático del SIC. Objetivos: revisar los datos preclínicos y clínicos en cuanto a eficacia y seguridad de la teduglutida. Resultados: la aprobación de la teduglutida se basó en los resultados de un estudio en fase III de 24 semanas, doble ciego, controlado con placebo (STEPS). Pacientes con fallo intestinal por SIC dependientes de NP ≥ 3 veces/semana durante ≥ 12 meses recibieron 0,05 mg/kg de teduglutida (n = 43) o placebo (n = 43) 1 vez/día. En la semana 24 hubo significativamente más respondedores en el grupo de la teduglutida que en el de placebo (63 vs. 30%; p = 0,002). La reducción absoluta media del volumen de NP frente al valor basal en la semana 24 fue significativamente mayor con la teduglutida (4,4 vs. 2,3 l/semana; p < 0,001). La necesidad de NP se redujo ≥ 1 día en la semana 24 en el 54% de pacientes tratados con teduglutida vs. 23% con placebo. Del total de pacientes que recibieron teduglutida en los ensayos en fase III (n = 134), el 12% consiguió una autonomía completa de la NP. Por lo general, la administración subcutánea de teduglutida se toleró bien. Conclusiones: se ha demostrado que teduglutida recupera la absorción intestinal y reduce significativamente la dependencia de la NP, consiguiendo incluso la independencia en algunos pacientes.

Con el propósito de esclarecer los fenómenos que tienen lugar durante la síntesis del poliestireno de alto impacto (HIPS), se prepararon mezclas poliméricas utilizando poliestireno (PS) o polibutadieno (PB) y un copolímero tipo estrella estireno- butadieno (BC), empleando etilbenceno (EB) como solvente. Se varió la masa molar del PS, la concentración de BC y la fracción másica total de PS. Las morfologías de algunas de las mezclas o fases aisladas, se observaron por microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Se encontró que las mezclas homopolímero/BC/EB fueron más estables cuanto mayores fueron su viscosidad y la afinidad entre sus componentes. Tanto la afinidad como el reparto de los componentes cuando ocurrió desmezclado, fueron función de la concentración de BC y de la relación entre las masas molares de los bloques de BC y cada uno de los homopolímeros investigados. Las mezclas PS/BC fueron estables, excepto para el caso de PS con alta masa molar y la mayor concentración de BC. En este caso y también para la fase aislada rica en PS, BC exhibió microdominios lamelares dispersos en una fase continua rica en PS. El número y el diámetro de estos microdominios fueron dependientes de la concentración de BC en la matriz de PS.

With the objective of clarifying the phenomena taking place during the synthesis of high impact polystyrene (HIPS), polymeric mixtures between polystyrene (PS) or polybutadiene (PB) and a star-shaped poly(styrene-butadiene) copolymer (BC) were prepared using ethylbenzene (EB) as a solvent. The molar mass of PS, the BC concentration and the total mass fraction of the PS were varied. The morphology of some of the mixtures or isolated phases was observed by transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the stability of the homopolymer/BC/EB blends increased when their viscosity and affinity between its components were higher. Both, the affinity and the distribution of the components when demixing occurred, were dependent upon the concentration of BC and the relationship between the molar masses of the blocks in BC and each one of the homopolymers investigated. The mixtures PS/BC were stable, except for the case with the high PS molar mass and the highest BC concentration. In this case and also for the PS - rich isolated phase, BC exhibited lamellar microdomains dispersed in a continuous PS-rich phase. The number and diameter of these microdomains were dependent upon the BC concentration in the PS matrix.

Resumen Antecedentes: las vacas Nelore se adaptan bien a las condiciones tropicales, y tienen buena habilidad materna, así como larga y prolífica vida reproductiva. Objetivo: evaluar la estimación de las (co)varianzas y los parámetros genéticos para el intervalo entre partos (CI), la edad al primer parto (AFC), duración de la gestación (GL) y el período de servicio (DO) en vacas Nelore. Métodos: los componentes de covarianza y los parámetros genéticos fueron estimados por procedimientos multivariados Bayesianos. Resultados: tres características, CI, GL y DO presentaron bajos promedios de heredabilidad, promediando 0,05, 0,10 y 0,04, respectivamente, mientras que la edad al primer parto presentó una heredabilidad más alta (0,36). Los efectos ambientales permanentes del CI, GL y DO también resultaron con estimaciones bajas, con promedios de 0,08, 0,07 y 0,15, respectivamente. Las estimaciones de las correlaciones genéticas entre AFC y CI, AFC y GL, AFC y DO, GL y CI, CI y DO, GL y DO fueron 0,20, 0,12, 0,11, 0,02, 0,92 y 0,21, respectivamente. La selección para un CI reducido puede contribuir a una reducción de los DO. Sin embargo, la reducción de la GL puede dar lugar a un mayor DO. A pesar de las favorables estimaciones de la correlación genética, la respuesta a la selección directa de estos rasgos sería baja. Conclusión: las características reproductivas se ven fuertemente afectadas por efectos ambientales. Así, los cambios en la gestión y las condiciones ambientales dan lugar a una mejora rápida de estas características, mientras que la selección genética produce cambios más lentos pero permanentes.

Summary Background: Nellore cows are well adapted to tropical conditions, and they have good maternal ability as well as long and prolific reproductive life. Objective: to estimate (co)variances and genetic parameters for calving interval (CI), age at first calving (AFC), gestation length (GL), and days open (DO) in Nellore cows. Methods: covariance components and genetic parameters were estimated using multi-trait Bayesian procedures. Results: three traits had low but statistically significant heritabilities, averaging 0.05, 0.10, and 0.04 for CI, GL, and DO, respectively, whereas age at first calving had a higher heritability (0.36). The permanent environmental effects for CI, GL, and DO were also low, averaging 0.08, 0.07, and 0.15, respectively. The genetic correlations between AFC and CI, AFC and GL, AFC and DO, GL and CI, CI and DO, GL and DO were 0.20, 0.12, 0.11, 0.02, 0.92, and -0.21, respectively. Selection for shorter CI would contribute towards decreasing DO. However, selection for decreased GL could result in a greater number of DO. Despite the favorable genetic correlations, the direct selection responses for these traits would be low. Conclusion: reproductive traits are strongly influenced by environmental effects. Changes in management and environmental factors could rapidly improve reproductive performance of Polled Nellore herds. Genetic selection for these traits should produce a much slower but permanent response.

Resumo Antecedentes: vacas da raça Nelore são bem adaptadas às condições tropicais e apresentam boa habilidade materna, bem como elevada longevidade e prolificidade. Objetivos: avaliar a estimativa de (co)variâncias e parâmetros genéticos para o intervalo de partos (IEP), idade ao primeiro parto (IPP), duração da gestação (DG) e período de serviço (PS) em vacas da raça Nelore. Métodos: componentes de covariância e parâmetros genéticos foram estimados por meio de procedimentos bayesianos multicaracterísticos. Resultados: três características apresentaram baixa herdabilidade, com média de 0,05, 0,10 e 0,04 para IEP, DG e PS, respectivamente, já a idade ao primeiro parto apresentou maior herdabilidade (0,36). Os efeitos de permanentes associados á IEP, DG e PS também apresentaram baixas estimativas, 0,08, 0,07 e 0,15, respectivamente. As estimativas de correlação genética entre IPP e IEP, IPP e DG, IPP e PS, IEP e DG, IEP e PS, e DG e PS foram de 0,20, 0,12, 0,11, 0,02, 0,92 e -0,21, respectivamente. A seleção para redução do IEP poderá contribuir para uma significativa redução PS. No entanto, a seleção para redução do DG poderá resultar em aumento do PS. Apesar das favoráveis estimativas de correlações genéticas, a resposta de seleção direta para essas características seria baixa. Conclusão: as características reprodutivas são fortemente afetadas por efeitos ambientais. Assim, as mudanças nas condições de manejo e ambientais resultariam em uma melhora expressiva dessas características, enquanto que a seleção genética produziria melhorias mais lentas, porém permanentes.

Resumo Hoje em dia é crescente a quantidade de estudos envolvendo a utilização de cargas ou aditivos nos materiais poliméricos, em especial no poliestireno, a fim de atuar como retardante de chama. Partindo desse princípio, este trabalho compara o comportamento térmico dos compósitos de poliestireno/hidróxido duplo lamelar magnésio-alumínio (PS-HDL [Mg-Al]) em relação ao poliestireno puro. Os compostos foram preparados com HDL, quimicamente modificado com dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-Na) ou com dodecilbenzeno sulfonato de sódio (DBS-Na). A síntese desses aditivos (HDL-SDS e HDL-DBS) foi feita pelo método de coprecipitação e inseridos no PS via solubilização em clorofórmio. Os compostos foram caracterizados por difratometria de raios-X e espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier, onde o primeiro comprovou a intercalação do DBS/SDS com o HDL e o segundo confirmou a presença dos grupos característicos no HDL. Através da análise termogravimétrica, avaliaram-se as propriedades térmicas do compósito. Os resultados mostraram que o PS-HDL modificado comporta-se melhor que o PS puro, pois apresenta maior estabilidade térmica. Comparando-os em uma perda de massa de 50%, o PS-HDL-SDS apresentou resultado superior ao PS puro, com um ganho de aproximadamente 44 ºC na temperatura de decomposição térmica.

Abstract Nowadays there is an increasing number of studies involving the use of fillers or additives for polymeric materials, in particular polystyrene, as flame retardants. Starting from this principle, this paper compares the thermal performance of composites of polystyrene/double layered magnesium-aluminium hydroxide (PS-LDH [Mg-Al]) compared to pure polystyrene. Compounds were prepared with LDH, chemically modified with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS-Na) or sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDB-Na). The synthesis of these additives (SDS-LDH and SDB-LDH) was carried out by the coprecipitation method and inserted via the PS dissolution in chloroform. The compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, where the first method proved the intercalation of the SBD/SDS with LDH and the second confirms the presence of the characteristic groups in LDH. Thermal properties of the composite were evaluated by thermo gravimetric analysis. The results showed that the modified PS-LDH behaves better than pure PS, it has higher thermal stability. Comparing them in a mass loss of 50%, the PS-LDH-SDS showed better results compared to pure PS, with a gain of approximately 44 ºC in the thermal decomposition temperature.

Orthodontic brackets contribute to the accumulation of bacterial plaque on tooth surfaces because they hinder oral hygiene. In contrast to conventional brackets, self-ligating brackets do not require additional parts to support the arches, thus improving dental hygiene. The aim of this study was to compare the gingival response in orthodontic patients wearing self-ligating or conventional brackets. A sample of 22 patients aged 16 to 30 years was divided into two groups: Group A, treated with selfligating brackets (Damon system) and Group B, treated with conventional brackets (Roth technique). The following were assessed during the treatment: Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI) and Probing Depth (PD), and sub-gingival samples were taken from teeth 14/24 for microbiological observation. No statistically significant difference was found between Groups A and B; p>0.05 (sign-ranked) or between PI, GI and PD at the different times (Friedman's Analysis of Variance), even though the indices were found to increase at 14 days, particularly for self-ligating brackets. The quantity and quality of microorganisms present were compatible with health on days 0, 28 and 56. As from day 14 there is a predominance of microbiota compatible with gingivitis in both groups. In the samples studied, orthodontic treatment increases bacterial plaque and inflammatory gingival response, but gingival-periodontal health can be maintained with adequate basic therapy. Self-ligating and conventional brackets produced similar gingival response.

Los brackets ortodoncicos contribuyen al acumulo de placa bacteriana en las superficies dentarias, debido a que dificultan la higiene oral. A diferencia de los brackets convencionales, los brackets autoligables no requieren elementos adicionales para sujetar los arcos, lo cual favoreceria la higiene dentaria. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar la respuesta gingival en pacientes ortodoncicos, utilizando brackets autoligables y brackets convencionales. Se estudiaron 22 pacientes, entre 16 y 30 anos, divididos en dos grupos: A, tratado con brackets autoligables, Sistema Damon) y B, tratado con brackets convencionales, Tecnica de Roth. Durante el tratamiento, se evaluaron los Indices de Placa (IP), Indice Gingival (IG) y Profundidad de Sondaje (PS) y se tomaron muestras subgingivales de las piezas 14/24 para su observacion microbiologica. En la evaluacion estadistica no se encontraron diferencias estadisticamente significativa entre los grupos A y B; p>0.05 (de los rangos con signo) y ni en los IP, IG y PS en los diferentes tiempos evaluados (Analisis de varianza de Friedman), sin embargo se observa un aumento en los indices a los 14 dias, sobre todo en autoligables. Los microorganismos se presentaron en cantidad y calidad compatible con salud el dia 0, 28 y 56; a partir del dia 14 predomina microbiota compatible con gingivitis para ambos grupos. En las muestras estudiadas el tratamiento ortodoncicos produce incremento de placa bacteriana y respuesta gingival inflamatoria, pero con terapia basica adecuada puede mantenerse la salud gingivo-lperiodontal. Los brackets autoligables y los o convencionales, produjeron respuesta gingival similar.

O objetivo foi descrever um surto de infecções da corrente sanguínea por complexo B. cepacia (Bcc) nos ambulatórios de hematologia e transplante de medula óssea. Métodos: Em 15/02/2008, um surto de Bcc foi suspeitado. 24 casos foram identificados. Os dados demográficos e clínicos foram avaliados. Mãos de profissionais da saúde e ambiente foram cultivadas. Espécies foram determinadas e tipadas. Reforço da higiene das mãos, cuidados com cateteres, terapia de infusão e manutenção da câmara de fluxo laminar foram realizadas. 16 profissionais de saúde (PS) diferentes manipularam os cateteres. Heparina multidoses e soro eram preparadas em um balcão comum a ambas as unidades. Resultados: 14 pacientes tiveram B. multivorans(um paciente teve também B. cenopacia), 6 Bcc não-multivorans e um teve um agente não pertencente a Bcc. Clone A de B. multivorans ocorreu em 12 pacientes (da Hematologia), em 10 o cateter havia sido utilizado nos dias 11 ou 12 de fevereiro. Culturas ambientais e de PS foram negativos. Todos os pacientes foram tratados com meropenem e selo de ceftazidima. Oito pacientes (30%) foram hospitalizados. Não ocorreram mortes. Após as medidas de controle, nenhum novo caso ocorreu. Conclusões: Este surto policlonal pode ser explicado por uma fonte comum contendo várias espécies de Bcc, talvez a câmara de fluxo laminar comum a ambas as unidades. Pode ter havido contaminação por B. multivorans (clone A) de frascos multi-dose.

Aim: The objective was to describe an outbreak of bloodstream infections by Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) in bone marrow transplant and hematology outpatients.Methods: On February 15, 2008 a Bcc outbreak was suspected. 24 cases were identified. Demographic and clinical data were evaluated. Environment and healthcare workers' (HCW) hands were cultured. Species were determined and typed. Reinforcement of hand hygiene, central venous catheter (CVC) care, infusion therapy, and maintenance of laminar flow cabinet were undertaken. 16 different HCWs had cared for the CVCs. Multi-dose heparin and saline were prepared on counter common to both units.Findings: 14 patients had B. multivorans(one patient had also B. cenopacia), six non-multivorans Bcc and one did not belong to Bcc. Clone A B. multivorans occurred in 12 patients (from Hematology); in 10 their CVC had been used on February 11/12. Environmental and HCW cultures were negative. All patients were treated with meropenem, and ceftazidime lock-therapy. Eight patients (30%) were hospitalized. No deaths occurred. After control measures (multidose vial for single patient; CVC lock with ceftazidime; cleaning of laminar flow cabinet; hand hygiene improvement; use of cabinet to store prepared medication), no new cases occurred.Conclusions: This polyclonal outbreak may be explained by a common source containing multiple species of Bcc, maybe the laminar flow cabinet common to both units. There may have been contamination by B. multivorans (clone A) of multi-dose vials.

OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados gestacionais, perinatais e familiares de pacientes com síndrome de Patau (SP). MÉTODOS: Esta pesquisa envolveu pacientes com diagnóstico de SP avaliados consecutivamente durante 38 anos no Serviço de Genética de um hospital pediátrico de referência do sul do país. Os dados clínicos e os resultados da análise citogenética foram coletados dos prontuários médicos. Para a análise estatística, utilizaram-se o teste exato de Fisher bicaudado e o teste do qui-quadrado com correção de Yates (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 27 pacientes, 63% do sexo masculino, com mediana de idade na primeira avaliação de nove dias. A trissomia livre do cromossomo 13 foi o principal achado citogenético (74%). Somente seis pacientes apresentavam relato de ultrassom obstétrico e nenhum teve diagnóstico pré-natal de SP. Ao comparar os dados da presente amostra com os dados de nascidos vivos do mesmo estado, observou-se que, para os pacientes com SP, houve maior frequência de mães com idade >35 anos (37,5%); multíparas (92,6%); parto vaginal (77%), prematuridade (34,6%), peso ao nascer <2500g (33,3%) e escore de Apgar <7 no 1º (75%) e 5º minuto (42,9%). Cerca de metade dos pacientes (53%) morreu no primeiro mês de vida. CONCLUSÕES: O entendimento dos achados gestacionais, perinatais e familiares da SP leva a importantes repercussões, especialmente sobre a decisão quanto às condutas a serem tomadas no manejo desses pacientes.

OBJECTIVE: To describe gestational, perinatal and family findings of patients with Patau syndrome (PS). METHODS: The study enrolled patients with PS consecutively evaluated during 38 years in a Clinical Genetics Service of a pediatric referral hospital in Southern Brazil. The clinical data and the results of cytogenetic analysis were collected from the medical records. For statistical analysis, the two-tailed Fisher's exact test and the chi-square test with Yates' correction were used, being significant p<0.05. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 27 patients, 63% were male, with a median age of nine days at the first evaluation. Full trisomy of chromosome 13 was the main cytogenetic finding (74%). Only six patients were submitted to obstetric ultrasound and none had prenatal diagnosis of PS. The patients' demographic characteristics, compared to born alive infants in the same Brazilian state showed a higher frequency of: mothers with 35 years old or more (37.5%); multiparous mothers (92.6%); vaginal delivery (77%); preterm birth (34.6%); birth weight <2500g (33.3%), and Apgar scores <7 in the 1st (75%) and in the 5th minute (42.9%). About half of them (53%) died during the first month of life. CONCLUSIONS: The understanding of the PS patients' gestational, perinatal and family findings has important implications, especially on the decision about the actions to be taken in relation to the management of these patients.

OBJETIVO: Describir los hallazgos gestacionales, perinatales y familiares de pacientes con síndrome de Patau (SP) y compararlos con los de la población de nacidos vivos de la misma provincia, Rio Grande do Sul, presentes en la base de datos del Sistema Único de Salud (DATASUS). MÉTODOS: Esa investigación implicó a pacientes con diagnóstico de SP evaluados consecutivamente durante 38 años en el Servicio de Genética de un hospital pediátrico de referencia en el sur de Brasil. Los datos clínicos y los resultados del análisis citogenético fueron recogidos de los prontuarios médicos. Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizaron la prueba exacto de Fisher bicaudado y la prueba del chi cuadrado con corrección de Yates (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: La muestra fue compuesta por 27 pacientes, el 63% del sexo masculino, con mediana de edad en la primera evaluación de nueve días. La trisomía libre del cromosoma 13 fue el principal hallazgo citogenético (74%). Solamente seis pacientes presentaban relato de ultrasonografía obstétrica y ninguno tuvo diagnóstico pre-natal de SP. Al comparar los datos de esa muestra con los datos de nacidos vivos en la misma provincia, se observó que, para los pacientes con SP, hubo mayor frecuencia de madres con edad >35 años (37,5%); multíparas (92,6%); parto vaginal (77%); prematuridad (34,6%); peso al nacer <2.500g (33,3%) y escore de Apgar <7 en el 1º (75%) y 5º minuto (42,9%). Aproximadamente mitad de los pacientes (53%) murió en el primer mes de vida. CONCLUSIONES: El entendimiento de los hallazgos gestacionales, perinatales y familiares de SP lleva a importantes repercusiones, especialmente sobre la decisión respecto a las conductas a tomar en el manejo de esos pacientes.

Amostras de leite foram coletadas de tanques de expansão (n = 69) e das vacas individualmente (n = 3517), em propriedades com sistema de produção especializado (ES, n = 3), semiespecializado (SE, n = 5) e não especializado (NE, n = 7). A composição, contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e teor de nitrogênio ureico (NU) foram avaliados nos diferentes sistemas e estações do ano. Os dados foram comparados aos parâmetros da Instrução Normativa 51/2002 (IN51) para a região Sul do Brasil, de maio/2009 a junho/2010. Analisando os três sistemas de produção, 42% (n = 29/69) das amostras de leite dos tanques de expansão e 11% (n = 375/3517) das individuais atenderam a IN51. Amostras de leite de tanque do sistema ES 70% (n = 14/20), SE 39% (n = 9/23) e NE 23% (n = 6/26) atenderam os critérios da IN51. Amostras de leite individuais apresentaram menor percentual com parâmetros mínimos da IN51 comparada ao tanque. O leite de vacas sadias dilui a CCS de vacas doentes, indicando que a CCS do tanque não é um indicador confiável para qualidade do leite. Os teores médios de gordura, proteína e sólidos totais em amostras de tanque foram semelhantes entre os sistemas de produção. A lactose e NU nas amostras do tanque foram similares entre as estações do ano. Em contraste, a CCS do tanque e individual não alcançaram os parâmetros da IN51. O teor médio de NU foi maior (P < 0,001) nas amostras de leite de tanque e individual do sistema especializado. A análise de amostras de leite de cada vaca permitiu melhoria nutricional do rebanho especializado.

Bovine milk samples were collected from milk tanks (n = 69) and from individual cows (n = 3,517) on specialized (S, n = 3), partially specialized (PS, n = 5) and nonspecialized (NS, n = 7) production systems. Compositions, somatic cell count (SCC) and urea nitrogen content were analyzed for the different production systems and all the four seasons. Data were compared to the ranges allowed by the Federal Normative Instruction 51/2002 (IN51) for South Brazil from May 2009 to June 2010. Forty-two percent (n = 29/69) of all milk samples obtained from tanks and 11% of the individual samples in the three production systems met IN51 standards. Of the collected tank samples, 70% (n = 14/20), 39% (n = 9/23) and 23% (n = 6/26) of the S, PS and NS systems, respectively, met IN51 criteria. These data indicate that evaluation of individual samples yields a lower percent of conformity with IN51 standards than tank samples. This implies that the milk from healthy cows may dilute the higher SCC of diseased cows, suggesting that tank samples are not accurate for a confident milk quality indicator. The fat, protein and total solids content in the tank samples were similar among the three production systems. Average lactose and urea nitrogen content in tank samples were similar between seasons. In contrast, the average SCC was above the IN51 standard in the tank and individual samples during the fall. Urea nitrogen content average was highest (P < 0.001) in the specialized production system, both in the tank and individual samples. The evaluation of individual samples may improve nutritional support of the specialized system.