ABSTRACT Companies are encouraged by the big data trend to experiment with advanced analytics and many turn to specialist consultancies to help them get started where they lack the necessary competences. We investigate the program of one such consultancy, Advectas - in particular the advanced analytics Jumpstart. Using qualitative techniques including semi structured interviews and content analysis we investigate the nature and value of the Jumpstart concept through five cases in different companies. We provide a definition, a process model and a set of thirteen best practices derived from these experiences, and discuss the distinctive qualities of this approach.

This paper draws on the innovation literature to analyse the South African system of innovation for water. Two major approaches to science and innovation from the innovation systems literature are described and compared: the neoclassical or 'market-failure' linear model of innovation, and the more complex and more recent innovation systems approach. It is argued that the innovation systems approach is a useful basis of analysis because of its emphasis on the diffusion of knowledge and the factors which tend to affect it - in comparison with the neoclassical model's assumption of perfect knowledge transfer. An analysis of gaps was undertaken using an interactive web-based puzzle-building activity with participants in the water sector. The primary gaps identified are not those that state actors continue to focus on in policy interventions; instead, they include the need to enable effective demand by end users, to facilitate more direct interaction between users and researchers, and to involve the private sector much more strongly in water innovation. Human capacity needs were highlighted, as was the need for strong leadership and openness in data sharing. The argument is made that those gaps that are seen as least important by practitioners and researchers in the sector are the very gaps that South African water innovation policy continues to focus on, while the gaps in cognitive capacity, in structures allowing the articulation of societal needs, and in industry involvement are largely un(der)addressed. This suggests that a linear, or neo-classical understanding of innovation may underlie innovation policy for water in South Africa. Recommendations for future policy directions include promoting knowledge-related infrastructure and data sharing; reorganising the research environment within universities; strengthening support for entrepreneurs; and creating centres of competency with strong industrial-design and economic- and market analysis capabilities.

摘要 问题 在资源贫乏的环境中，艾滋病（AIDS）相关的巨细胞病毒（CMV）视网膜炎仍然是被疏忽的失明原因。主要问题在于缺乏在患者接受护理并诊断了所有其他机会性感染的临床环境中诊断CMV视网膜炎的能力。 方法 我们开发和实...

Résumé Problème La rétinite à cytomégalovirus (CMV) liée au syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise (SIDA) continue à être une source négligée de cécité dans les zones à faibles ressources. Le principal problème est la capacité insuffisante à diagnostiquer la rétinite à CMV dans les établissements cliniques où les patients reçoivent des soins et où les autres infections opportunistes sont diagnostiquées. Approche Nous avons développé et mis en œ...

Резюме Проблема Цитомегаловирусный (ЦМВ) ретинит, ассоциированный с синдромом приобретенного иммунодефицита (СПИД...

Problem Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis continues to be a neglected source of blindness in resource-poor settings. The main issue is lack of capacity to diagnose CMV retinitis in the clinical setting where patients receive care and all other opportunistic infections are diagnosed. Approach We developed and implemented a four-day workshop to train clinicians working in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics how to perform binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy and diagnose CMV retinitis. Workshops comprised both classroom didactic instruction and direct clinical eye examinations in patients with advanced AIDS. Between 2007 and 2013, 14 workshops were conducted in China, Myanmar and the Russian Federation. Local setting Workshops were held with local clinicians at HIV clinics supported by nongovernmental organizations, public-sector municipal hospitals and provincial infectious disease referral hospitals. Each setting had limited or no access to locally- trained ophthalmologists, and an HIV-infected population with advanced disease. Relevant changes Clinicians learnt how to do binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy and to diagnose CMV retinitis. One year after the workshop, 32/38 trainees in Myanmar did systematic eye examination for early diagnosis of CMV retinitis as standard care for at-risk patients. In China and the Russian Federation, the success rates were lower, with 10/15 and 3/5 trainees, respectively, providing follow-up data. Lessons learnt Skills necessary for screening and diagnosis of CMV retinitis can be taught in a four-day task-oriented training workshop. Successful implementation depends on institutional support, ongoing training and technical support. The next challenge is to scale up this approach in other countries.

ملخص المشكلة ما زال التهاب شبكية العين الناجم عن الفيروسة المضخمة للخلايا ذات الصلة بمتلازمة العوز المناع...

Resumen Situación La retinitis por citomegalovirus (CMV) relacionada con el síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA) sigue siendo una fuente desatendida de ceguera en entornos con recursos insuficientes. El problema principal es la falta de capacidad para diagnosticar la retinitis por CMV en el entorno clínico donde los pacientes reciben atención y se diagnostican el resto de infecciones oportunistas. Enfoque Desarrollamos y pusimos en práctica un taller de cuatro días para formar a médicos que trabajan en clínicas en las que se trata el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en la realización de la oftalmoscopia indirecta binocular y en el diagnóstico de la retinitis por CMV. Los talleres incluyeron una instrucción didáctica en el aula y exámenes oftalmológicos clínicos directos en pacientes con SIDA avanzado. Entre 2007 y 2013, se llevaron a cabo 14 talleres en China, Myanmar y la Federación de Rusia. Marco regional Se realizaron talleres con médicos locales en las clínicas del VIH con el apoyo de organizaciones no gubernamentales, hospitales municipales públicos y hospitales provinciales de enfermedades infecciosas. Todos los emplazamientos presentaban un acceso a oftalmólogos formados a nivel local limitado o nulo y una población de personas infectadas por el VIH con enfermedad avanzada. Cambios importantes Los médicos aprendieron a realizar la oftalmoscopia indirecta binocular y a diagnosticar la retinitis por CMV. Un año después del taller, 32/38 aprendices en Myanmar realizaban el examen oftalmológico sistemático para el diagnóstico precoz de la retinitis por CMV como parte de la atención estándar para los pacientes en riesgo. En China y la Federación de Rusia, las tasas de éxito fueron menores, con 10/15 y 3/5 aprendices, respectivamente, que proporcionaban datos de seguimiento. Lecciones aprendidas Las competencias necesarias para la detección y el diagnóstico de la retinitis por CMV pueden enseñarse en un taller de formación especializada de cuatro días de duración. El éxito de la puesta en práctica depende del apoyo institucional, de la formación continua y de la asistencia técnica. El próximo desafío consistirá en extender este enfoque a otros países.