ABSTRACT Aim The aim of our study was to analyze the content related to dentistry published on Instagram ® and to investigate the students’ profiles related to the use of social networks in a sample from a Dentistry School. Methods This study was carried out in two stages. First, research was conducted to analyze content published on Instagram® related to dentistry. The second part investigated the profiles of students’ from a dental school in relation to the use of social networks through a questionnaire. A descriptive analysis was performed and associations between the variables were tested using Fisher’s exact test. Results We found a diversified and large amount of content related to dentistry published on Instagram ® , and publications that involved advertising were more prevalent in our study. There are also many publications that are violating the Code of Dental Ethics. In addition, in the second part of our study, we observed an enormous use of social networks by dental students (98.4%). Conclusions As a result, we believe that it is important to update professionals about the ethical infractions related to social networks which could be approached during graduate courses in universities. Finally, the analyzed social network seems to be an interesting alternative for disseminating health information in order to dialogue with greater proximity to the large number of users who participate in it.

Resumen Los objetivos de este artículo son presentar un panorama de las muertes bajo custodia penitenciaria en Brasil y avanzar en la comprensión de las trayectorias punitiva y penitenciaria del país, dirigidas por el “hacer matar/dejar morir”. Se parte de la premisa de que las muertes bajo custodia penitenciaria son siempre violentas y de responsabilidad del Estado. Los datos reflejan los desafíos epistemológicos y metodológicos relativos a un objeto de estudio que es invisibilizado por los propios gobiernos. La investigación se inserta en la agenda de la Red Cono Sur de Investigación en Cuestión Penitenciaria (Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay), comprometida con el desvelamiento científico de la cuestión penitenciaria en la región.

Abstract To present an overview of the deaths in prison custody in Brazil, as well as to advance on understandings that point to the punitive and prison trajectory of the country as directed to “kill/let die”, are the objectives of this text. It is premised that the deaths in prison custody are always violent and the responsibility of the State. The data reflect the epistemological and methodological challenges related to an object that is made invisible by the governments themselves. The research is part of the agenda of the Red Cono Sur de Investigación en Cuestión Penitenciaria (Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay), which is committed to the scientific unveiling of the penitentiary issue in the region.

ABSTRACT In this present research, we assessed the performance of band algorithms in estimating chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration based on bands of two new sensors: Operational Land Imager onboard Landsat-8 satellite (OLI/Landsat-8), and MultiSpectral Instrument onboard Sentinel-2A (MSI/Sentinel-2A). Band combinations designed for Thematic Mapper onboard Landsat-5 satellite (TM/Landsat-5) and MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer onboard Envisat platform (MERIS/Envisat) were adapted for OLI/Landsat-8 and MSI/Sentinel-2A bands. Algorithms were calibrated using in situ measurements collected in three field campaigns carried out in different seasons. The study area was the Barra Bonita hydroelectric reservoir (BBHR), a highly productive aquatic system. With exception of the three-band algorithm, the algorithms were spectrally few affected by sensors changes. On the other hands, algorithm performance has been hampered by the bio-optical difference in the reservoir sections, drought in 2014 and pigment packaging.

Tuberculosis remains among the top causes of death triggered by a single pathogen. Herein, a greener synthetic approach for isonicotinoylhydrazones is described using ultrasound energy. These compounds were used as starting materials for synthesizing pentacyanoferrate(II)-isonicotinoylhydrazones, which inhibited the reaction catalyzed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis 2-trans-enoyl-ACP(CoA) reductase (MtInhA) in a time-dependent manner. The most active coordination complex showed an increase of more than ten-fold in the MtInhA inhibition rate constant compared with lead pentacyano(isoniazid)ferrate(II) (IQG607). Additionally, the new series of metal-based compounds demonstrated antitubercular activity against a drug-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain and was devoid of toxicity to mammalian cells (IC50 > 20 µmol L-1, half maximal inhibitory concentration). Finally, one of the synthesized compounds showed intracellular activity similar to isoniazid in a macrophage model of Mtb infection, indicating that this chemical class may furnish novel structures to embark on the preclinical phase of anti-tuberculosis drug development.

RESUMO Introdução: Nas últimas décadas, hábitos pouco saudáveis, como baixos níveis de atividade física e má alimentação, têm aumentado. Consequentemente, a prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares e de mortalidade aumentou significativamente entre adultos. Entretanto, é sabido que a prática regular de exercícios físicos ajuda a melhorar os desfechos de saúde. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos de oito anos de participação regular em um programa de exercícios sobre a pressão arterial e a mortalidade no sistema brasileiro de saúde pública. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 34 participantes com hipertensão e/ou diabetes tipo II, que foram acompanhados por oito anos. Eles foram pareados por idade, índice de massa corporal e doença crônica em dois grupos: exercício e controle. Durante o período de acompanhamento, os registros médicos foram usados para avaliar a pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, bem como o número de consultas médicas e a ocorrência de óbitos. Resultados: No período de acompanhamento, ocorreram cinco óbitos no grupo controle e nenhum no grupo exercício. A análise de Kaplan-Meier identificou mortalidade 29,4% menor entre os participantes ativos (teste exato de Fisher com p = 0,044). A quantidade de consultas médicas e pressão arterial diastólica foram significantemente menores para os participantes ativos. Conclusão: Após acompanhamento de oito anos, participantes do grupo exercício tiveram menor número de consultas médicas, melhor controle da pressão arterial e menor ocorrência de mortes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In the last decades, unhealthy habits, such as low levels of physical activity and poor diet, have increased. Consequently, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and mortality has increased significantly among adults. However, it is known that regular physical exercises help to improve health outcomes. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of eight years of regular participation in an exercise program on blood pressure and mortality in the Brazilian public health system. Methods: The sample consisted of 34 participants with hypertension and/or type II diabetes who were followed up for eight years. They were paired by age, body mass index and chronic disease in two groups: exercise and control. During the follow-up period, medical records were used to assess systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as number of medical appointments and the occurrence of deaths. Results: In the follow-up period, five participants died in the control group and none in the exercise group. The Kaplan-Meier analysis identified 29.4% lower mortality among active participants (Fisher's exact test with p = 0.044). The number of medical appointments and the values of diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower for active participants. Conclusion: After a follow-up of eight years, participants in the exercise group attended fewer medical appointments, had better blood pressure control and a lower occurrence of deaths.

RESUMEN Introducción: En las últimas décadas, han aumentado los hábitos poco saludables, como los bajos niveles de actividad física y la mala alimentación. Por consiguiente, la prevalencia de enfermedad cardiovascular y la mortalidad fue significativamente mayor entre los adultos. Sin embargo, se sabe que el ejercicio físico ayuda a mejorar los resultados en salud. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de ocho años de participación regular en un programa de ejercicios sobre la presión arterial y la mortalidad en pacientes del sistema brasileño de salud pública. Métodos: La muestra consistió en 34 participantes con hipertensión y/o diabetes tipo II que fueron seguidos durante ocho años. Ellos fueron pareados por edad, índice de masa corporal y enfermedad crónica, en dos grupos: ejercicio y control. Durante el período de seguimiento, se utilizaron los registros médicos para evaluar la presión sistólica y diastólica, así como el número de consultas médicas y la ocurrencia de muertes. Resultados: En el período de seguimiento, hubo cinco muertes en el grupo control y ninguna en el grupo de ejercicio. El análisis de Kaplan-Meier identificó 29,4% de mortalidad más baja entre los participantes activos (prueba exacta de Fisher p = 0,044). El número de consultas médicas y la presión arterial diastólica fueron significativamente menores para los participantes activosnúm. Conclusión: Después de un seguimiento de ocho años, los participantes en el grupo de ejercicio tuvieron un menor número de consultas médicas, un mejor control de la presión arterial y menor incidencia de muertes.

Resumo Objetivo: Nesta pesquisa, foi investigada a variabilidade espectral do coeficiente de absorção específico do fitoplâncton, a*φ, medido em um reservatório meso-a-hipertrófico tropical, com o objetivo de encontrar feições espectrais associadas à clorofila-a (chla) e pigmentos acessórios de diferentes espécies de fitoplâncton. Métodos Para realizar este trabalho, dois levantamentos de campo foram realizados em diferentes estações a fim de registrar a alta variação bio-ótica. O coeficiente de absorção do fitoplâncton, aφ, e a concentração de chla foram medidos em laboratório para estimar a*φ. Resultados O resultado indicou uma alta variação de comunidades de fitoplâncton tanto sazonalmente quanto espacialmente. As feições de absorção da chla estavam bem acentuadas em 440 nm e 675 nm. Conclusões Todas as curvas de a*φ exibiram um pico de absorção ao redor de 630 nm, associado ao pigmento ficocianina presente em cianobactérias. Alguns espectros apresentaram picos em torno de 460 nm, que está relacionado à presença de clorofila-b e clorofila-c (chlb e chlc, respectivamente), encontrados em algumas espécies de fitoplâncton. Por sua vez, as feições de absorção por carotenóides, por volta de 490 nm, também foram identificadas, entretanto, estavam bem definidas apenas em curvas adquiridas no outono. Essas feições espectrais são encontradas em grupos de fitoplânctons já identificados na área de estudo, como Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Conjugatophyceae, Chrysophyceae, entre outros. Espera-se que os resultados obtidos nesse estudo possam ser úteis em estudos sobre sensoriamento remoto de águas interiores e eutrofização de reservatórios.

Abstract Aim: In this research, we investigated the spectral variability of the specific phytoplankton absorption coefficient, a*φ, measured in a tropical meso-to-hypertrophic reservoir, aiming to find spectral features associated with the chlorophyll-a (chla) and other accessory pigments present in different phytoplankton species. Methods To accomplish this research, two fieldworks were carried out in different seasons in order to report a high bio-optical variation. Phytoplankton absorption coefficient, aφ, and chla concentration were measured in laboratory to estimate a*φ. Results The outcomes have indicated that there is a remarkable phytoplankton community dynamic as spatially as seasonally. Chla absorption features were well-defined at 440 nm and 675 nm. Conclusions All the a*φ spectra exhibited the absorption peak around 630 nm associated with phycocyanin pigment present in cyanobacteria. Some spectra have shown a peak at about 460 nm, which is related to chlorophyll b and chlorophyll c (chlb and chlc, respectively) found in different phytoplankton species. In turn, absorption features of carotenoids around 490 nm also were identified, however, well defined just in curves measured in austral autumn. Such spectral features are found in phytoplankton groups already identified in the study area such as Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Conjugatophyceae, Chrysophyceae, among others. We expect that the results are useful in researches about remote sensing of phytoplankton and eutrophication in reservoirs.

O uso do sensoriamento remoto voltado para a determinação de amostras de campo é de grande valia para estudos ambientais, uma vez que as imagens de satélite apresentam atributos capazes de avaliar a variabilidade espectral da superfície da água considerando uma área extensa. Desse modo, a abordagem deste trabalho objetiva definir um método de seleção estratificada de amostras baseada na variabilidade de imagens no espectro do visível e infravermelho oriundos do sensor Landsat-8/OLI. O método conta com a utilização de dados raster que representam o desvio padrão de uma série temporal de imagens Landsat-8/OLI e em seguida a definição automática de pontos de campo apoiada na técnica de amostragem estratificada aleatória. A escolha da imagem que deu origem a seleção dos pontos foi baseada na componente de maior variabilidade espectral por meio da técnica de Principal Componente. Como resultado foram obtidos vinte pontos representativos de um total de seis classes espectralmente semelhantes.

The use of remote sensing focused on the determination of field samples is of great value to environmental studies, since the satellite images have attributes able to assess the spectral variability of water surface considering a wide area. Thus, this approach aims to define a stratified working method of selecting samples based on images variability in the visible and infrared wavelengths derived from Landsat-8 / OLI sensor. The method relies on the use of raster data representing the standard deviation of a time series of images Landsat-8 / OLI and then the automatic setting field points supported by the stratified random sampling. The choice of the image that yielded the selection of the samples was based on the greatest spectral variation component by means of Principal Component technique. As a result were obtained twenty representative points of a total of six spectrally similar classes created by using a Geographic Information System.

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of passive smoking, in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles associated with physical exercise by swimming during pregnancy and lactation of rats. Twenty-four rats were divided: GF (exposed to cigarette smoke), GC (control), GFN (underwent to the swimming program and exposed to cigarette smoke) and GN (underwent to the swimming program). On the first day of pregnancy procedure of exposure to cigarette smoke began, consisting in 30 minutes twice a day for six weeks. During the same period the swimming program began, which lasted 60 min every day untilthe 21st day of lactation. Soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, were obtained for histological, histochemical, morphometric analysis and fiber profiling. In histology, the groups GF and GFN showed infiltrations, necrotic and phagocytized fibers, centralized nuclei, splittings and coiling; in GN changes were observed due to exercise adaptations, infiltrations, sarcolemal lesion, polymorphic, atrophic and angular fibers. In the histochemical analysis of the groups GF and GFN there was enzymatic activity and amorphous formazan aggregates in subsarcolemmal positions, however in GN the same changes were found in lower frequency and intensity. In regard to the measureof the cross-sectionofmuscle fibers there weren't significant differences among the groups, as well as, in the frequency of types of fibers of the gastrocnemius. It is concluded that aerobic exercise is not enough to impede morphological and histochemical changes caused in an animal model of pregnant and lactating associated with smoking, and the stress not influence the types and size of muscle fibers.

EL objetivo fue analizar los efectos del tabaquismo pasivo sobre los músculos sóleo y gastrocnemio asociado con el entrenamiento corporal de natación durante la preñez y lactancia de ratas. Veinticuatro ratas se dividieron en grupos: GF (expuestos al humo de cigarrillo), GC (control), GFN (sometido al programa de natación y expuesto al humo del cigarrillo) y GN (sometido al programa de natación). El procedimiento de exposición al humo del cigarrillo comenzó primer día de preñez, durante 30 min dos veces al día por seis semanas. Durante el mismo período, comenzó el programa de natación, con una duración de 60 min todos los días hasta el día 21 de lactancia. Se extrajeron los músculos sóleo y gastrocnemio, y se realizó el análisis histológico, morfométrico histoquímico y de perfiles de fibra. En la histología, los grupos GF y GFN mostraron infiltraciones, fibras necróticas y fagocitadas, núcleos centralizados, divisiones y enrollamientos; en GN se observaron cambios debido a las adaptaciones de ejercicio tales como infiltraciones, lesión del sarcolema, y fibras polimórficas, atróficas y angulares. En el análisis histoquímico de los grupos GF y GFN hubo actividad enzimática y se formaron agregados amorfos en posiciones subsarcolemales; en el grupo GN se encontraron los mismos cambios en menor frecuencia e intensidad. No hubo diferencias en las medidas de las secciones transversales de las fibras musculares entre los grupos, así como en la frecuencia de los tipos de fibras del músculo gastrocnemio. Se concluye que el ejercicio aeróbico no es suficiente para impedir los cambios morfológicos e histoquímicos causados en un modelo animal de ratas preñadas en periodo de lactancia asociados con el tabaquismo, y el estrés no influye en el tipo y tamaño de las fibras musculares.

A associação do tratamento medicamentoso por estatinas com a prática de exercícios físicos pode reduzir substancialmente o risco de mortalidade cardiovascular de indivíduos dislipidêmicos, porém sua realização vem sendo associada à exacerbação de quadros miopáticos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar os resultados mais recentes da literatura específica sobre os efeitos da associação de estatinas ao exercício físico na musculatura esquelética. Para tanto, realizou-se levantamento da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO, utilizando a combinação dos unitermos: “estatina/estatinas” AND “exercício” AND “músculo” (“statin” AND “exercise” AND “muscle”), sendo selecionados apenas artigos originais publicados entre janeiro de 1990 e novembro de 2013. Foram analisados 16 artigos que avaliaram o efeito da associação das estatinas com exercício agudo ou crônico na musculatura esquelética. Os resultados dos estudos apontaram que atletas podem experimentar efeitos deletérios na musculatura esquelética quando do uso de estatinas, visto que os quadros de exacerbação da lesão muscular pelo exercício foram mais frequentes com treinamento intenso ou exercícios agudos excêntricos e extenuantes. O treinamento físico moderado, por sua vez, quando associado às estatinas, não aumenta os relatos de dor nem os níveis de creatina quinase, além de acarretar ganhos nas funções musculares e metabólicas advindas do treinamento. Sugere-se, portanto, que pacientes dislipidêmicos em tratamento com estatinas sejam expostos ao treinamento físico aeróbio combinado a exercícios resistidos, de intensidade moderada, em três sessões semanais, sendo que a oferta do treinamento físico previamente à administração do tratamento medicamentoso, quando possível, faz-se desejável.

Statin treatment in association with physical exercise practice can substantially reduce cardiovascular mortality risk of dyslipidemic individuals, but this practice is associated with myopathic event exacerbation. This study aimed to present the most recent results of specific literature about the effects of statins and its association with physical exercise on skeletal musculature. Thus, a literature review was performed using PubMed and SciELO databases, through the combination of the keywords “statin” AND “exercise” AND “muscle”, restricting the selection to original studies published between January 1990 and November 2013. Sixteen studies evaluating the effects of statins in association with acute or chronic exercises on skeletal muscle were analyzed. Study results indicate that athletes using statins can experience deleterious effects on skeletal muscle, as the exacerbation of skeletal muscle injuries are more frequent with intense training or acute eccentric and strenuous exercises. Moderate physical training, in turn, when associated to statins does not increase creatine kinase levels or pain reports, but improves muscle and metabolic functions as a consequence of training. Therefore, it is suggested that dyslipidemic patients undergoing statin treatment should be exposed to moderate aerobic training in combination to resistance exercises three times a week, and the provision of physical training prior to drug administration is desirable, whenever possible.

INTRODUÇÃO: o exercício físico tem sido recomendado, como estratégia terapêutica não farmacológica, no tratamento de importantes fatores de risco cardiovascular.OBJETIVO: analisar o impacto de um programa de exercício físico, adaptado à realidade das Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF), sobre a composição corporal, fatores de risco cardiovasculares e Escore de Framingham de mulheres obesas na pós-menopausa.MÉTODOS: 70 mulheres entre 50 e 79 anos, sedentárias, obesas e sem menstruar por no mínimo doze meses, foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em um grupo treinado (GT) (n=35) e um não treinado (GnT) (n=35). O GT participou de vinte semanas de um programa de exercícios físicos com três sessões semanais, constituído por atividades de monitoramento e aquecimento (10 min); 25 min de exercício de flexibilidade e força; 50 min de caminhada com intensidade entre 50 a 65% do VO2max; e 5 min de relaxamento. O GnT foi orientado a manter suas atividades normais.RESULTADOS: o GT apresentou reduções significativas do índice de massa corporal (30,1+3,7 vs. 29,3+3,7; p=0,0001), circunferência de cintura (93,3+10,3 vs. 89,1+10,4; p=0,0001), percentual de gordura (54,2+2,9 vs.53,2+3,3; p=0,0001), pressão arterial sistólica (128,0+14,6 vs. 119,2+10,3; p=0,0001), triglicerídeos (148,4+66,1 vs. 122,8+40,7; p=0,006), VLDL colesterol (29,7+13,2 vs. 24,5+8,0; p=0,005) e Escore de Framingham (13,08+4,0 vs. 11,77+4,1; p=0,010). No grupo não treinado foram observados aumentos significativos do percentual de gordura (55,0+4,0 vs. 57,0+3,8; p=0,0001), pressão arterial sistólica (128,6+10,5 vs. 133,7+12,0; p=0,001), glicemia de jejum (95,2+18,4 vs. 113,7+28,8; p=0,001) e Escore de Framingham (12,82+3,2 vs. 13,91+4,0; p=0,043), como também reduções do HDL colesterol (55,1+10,5 vs. 51,7+11,0; p=0,017).CONCLUSÃO: o programa de exercício físico adaptado às condições de USF foi efetivo na redução dos fatores de risco cardiovascular de mulheres obesas na pós-menopausa atendidas pelo programa SUS.

INTRODUCTION: physical exercise has been recommended as a non-pharmacological, therapeutic strategy in the treatment of important cardiovascular risk factors.OBJECTIVE: to analyze the impact of an exercise program, tailored to the reality of the Family Health Units (FHU), on body composition, cardiovascular risk factors and Framingham score in obese postmenopausal.METHODS: 70 women between 50 and 79 years, sedentary, obese and without menstruating for at least twelve months, were randomly assigned to a trained group (TG) (n = 35) and an untrained (GnT) (n = 35). The GT took 20 weeks of a physical exercise program with three weekly sessions, consisting of monitoring activities and heating (10 minutes), 25 minutes of exercise flexibility and strength, 50 minute walk with intensity between 50-65% of VO2max and 5-minute cool-down. The GnT was instructed to maintain their normal activities.RESULTS: TG showed significant reductions in body mass index (30,1+3,7 vs. 29,3+3,7; p=0,0001), waist circumference (93,3+10,3 vs. 89,1+10,4; p=0,0001), percentage of fat (54,2+2,9 vs. 53,2+3,3; p=0,0001), systolic blood pressure (128,0+14,6 vs. 119,2+10,3; p=0,0001), triglycerides (148,4+66,1 vs. 122,8+40,7; p=0,006), VLDL cholesterol (29,7+13,2 vs. 24,5+8,0; p=0,005) and Framingham score (13,08+4,0 vs. 11,77+4,1; p=0,010). In the untrained group were observed significant increases in the percentage of fat (55,0+4,0 vs. 57,0+3,8; p=0,0001), systolic blood pressure (128,6+10,5 vs. 133,7+12,0; p=0,001), fasting glucose (95,2+18,4 vs. 113,7+28,8; p=0,001) and Framingham score (12,82+3,2 vs. 13,91+4,0; p=0,043), but also decreases levels of HDL cholesterol (55,1+10,5 vs. 51,7+11,0; p=0,017).CONCLUSION: the exercise program, adapted to the conditions of FHU, was effective in reducing cardiovascular risk factors in obese postmenopausal women served by the SUS program.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El ejercicio físico ha sido recomendado como estrategia terapéutica no farmacológica, en el tratamiento de importantes factores de riesgo cardiovascular.OBJETIVO: analizar el impacto de un programa de ejercicio físico adaptado a la realidad de Unidades de Salud de la Familia (USF) sobre la composición corporal, factores de riesgo cardiovasculares y valor de Framingham de mujeres obesas en la post menopausia.MÉTODOS: setenta mujeres entre 50 y 79 años, sedentarias, obesas y sin menstruar por como mínimo doce meses fueron distribuidas aleatoriamente en grupo entrenado (GT) (n=35) y no entrenado (GnT) (n=35). El GT participó de veinte semanas de un programa de ejercicios físicos con tres sesiones semanales, constituido por actividades de monitoreo y calentamiento (10 minutos); 25 minutos de ejercicio de flexibilidad y fuerza; 50 minutos de caminata con intensidad entre 50 a 65% del VO2max; y 5 minutos de vuelta a la calma. El GnT fue orientado a mantener sus actividades normales.RESULTADOS: el GT presentó reducciones significativas del índice de masa corporal (30,1+3,7 vs. 29,3+3,7; p=0,0001), circunferencia de cintura (93,3+10,3 vs. 89,1+10,4; p=0,0001), porcentual de grasa (54,2+2,9 vs. 53,2+3,3; p=0,0001), presión arterial sistólica (128,0+14,6 vs. 119,2+10,3; p=0,0001), triglicéridos (148,4+66,1 vs. 122,8+40,7; p=0,006), VLDL colesterol (29,7+13,2 vs. 24,5+8,0; p=0,005) y Valor de Framingham (13,08+4,0 vs. 11,77+4,1; p=0,010). En el grupo no entrenado se observaron aumentos significativos del porcentual de grasa (55,0+4,0 vs. 57,0+3,8; p=0,0001), presión arterial sistólica (128,6+10,5 vs. 133,7+12,0; p=0,001), glicemia de ayuno (95,2+18,4 vs. 113,7+28,8; p=0,001) y Valor de Framingham (12,82+3,2 vs. 13,91+4,0; p=0,043), como también reducciones del HDL colesterol (55,1+10,5 vs. 51,7+11,0; p=0,017).CONCLUSIÓN: el programa de ejercicio físico adaptado a las condiciones de USF fue efectivo en la reducción de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular de mujeres obesas en la post menopausia atendidas por el programa SUS.

Objective: To identify the adherence rate of a statin treatment and possible related factors in female users from the Unified Health System. Method: Seventy-one women were evaluated (64.2 ± 11.0 years) regarding the socio-economic level, comorbidities, current medications, level of physical activity, self-report of muscular pain, adherence to the medical prescription, body composition and biochemical profile. The data were analyzed as frequencies, Chi-Squared test, and Mann Whitney test (p<0.05). Results: 15.5% of women did not adhere to the medical prescription for the statin treatment, whose had less comorbidities (p=0.01), consumed less quantities of medications (p=0.00), and tended to be younger (p=0.06). Those patients also presented higher values of lipid profile (CT: p=0.01; LDL-c: p=0.02). Musculoskeletal complains were not associated to the adherence rate to the medication. Conclusion: The associated factors to adherence of dyslipidemic women to statin medical prescription were age, quantity of comorbidities and quantity of current medication.


Objetivo: Identificar la tasa de adherencia al tratamiento con estatinas y los posibles factores relacionados en usuarias del Sistema Único de Salud. Métodos: Fueron evaluadas 71 mujeres (64,2 ± 11,0 años) según nivel socioeconómico, comorbilidades, uso de medicamentos, nivel de actividad física, dolor muscular autoinformado, adherencia a la prescripción médica, composición corporal y perfil bioquímico. Los datos fueron analizados por frecuencia, test de chi-cuadrado y la prueba de Mann- Whitney (p<0,05). Resultados: El 15,5% de las mujeres no se adhirieron a la prescripción médica para el tratamiento con estatinas, éstas tenían menos comorbilidades (p=0,01), consumían menos cantidad de medicamentos (p=0,00) y presentaban tendencia a ser más jóvenes (p=0,06). Además, estas pacientes presentaron valores mayores en el perfil lipídico (CT: p=0,01, LDL-C: p=0,02). La referencia de dolor musculoesquelético no se asociaron con la tasa de adherencia al medicamento. Conclusión: Los factores asociados con la adherencia de las mujeres con dislipidemia a la prescripción de estatinas fueron la edad, el número de comorbilidades y el número de medicamentos.

Objective: To identify the adherence rate of a statin treatment and possible related factors in female users from the Unified Health System. Method: Seventy-one women were evaluated (64.2 ± 11.0 years) regarding the socio-economic level, comorbidities, current medications, level of physical activity, self-report of muscular pain, adherence to the medical prescription, body composition and biochemical profile. The data were analyzed as frequencies, Chi-Squared test, and Mann Whitney test (p<0.05). Results: 15.5% of women did not adhere to the medical prescription for the statin treatment, whose had less comorbidities (p=0.01), consumed less quantities of medications (p=0.00), and tended to be younger (p=0.06). Those patients also presented higher values of lipid profile (CT: p=0.01; LDL-c: p=0.02). Musculoskeletal complains were not associated to the adherence rate to the medication. Conclusion: The associated factors to adherence of dyslipidemic women to statin medical prescription were age, quantity of comorbidities and quantity of current medication.


Objetivo: Identificar la tasa de adherencia al tratamiento con estatinas y los posibles factores relacionados en usuarias del Sistema Único de Salud. Métodos: Fueron evaluadas 71 mujeres (64,2 ± 11,0 años) según nivel socioeconómico, comorbilidades, uso de medicamentos, nivel de actividad física, dolor muscular autoinformado, adherencia a la prescripción médica, composición corporal y perfil bioquímico. Los datos fueron analizados por frecuencia, test de chi-cuadrado y la prueba de Mann- Whitney (p<0,05). Resultados: El 15,5% de las mujeres no se adhirieron a la prescripción médica para el tratamiento con estatinas, éstas tenían menos comorbilidades (p=0,01), consumían menos cantidad de medicamentos (p=0,00) y presentaban tendencia a ser más jóvenes (p=0,06). Además, estas pacientes presentaron valores mayores en el perfil lipídico (CT: p=0,01, LDL-C: p=0,02). La referencia de dolor musculoesquelético no se asociaron con la tasa de adherencia al medicamento. Conclusión: Los factores asociados con la adherencia de las mujeres con dislipidemia a la prescripción de estatinas fueron la edad, el número de comorbilidades y el número de medicamentos.

O tratamento da doença hemorroidária (DH) pelas técnicas convencionais cursa com significante morbidade principalmente relacionada à dor pós-operatória e ao considerável tempo de afastamento do trabalho. A técnica de desarterialização hemorroidária transanal guiada por doppler (DHGD) associada à mucopexia retal é uma opção cirúrgica menos invasiva que vem sendo utilizada como método alternativo com objetivo de reduzir esses inconvenientes. OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados iniciais com a técnica da DHGD associada à mucopexia retal no tratamento da DH. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 42 pacientes, portadores de DH de graus II, III e IV submetidos à técnica da DHGD, durante o período de dezembro de 2010 a agosto de 2011. Onze pacientes (26%) apresentavam DH do grau II, 21(50%) do III e 10 (24%) do IV. Todos os pacientes foram operados pelo mesmo cirurgião, sob anestesia raquidiana e sempre utilizando o mesmo equipamento e técnica para realização do procedimento. Os 42 pacientes foram submetidos à desarterialização de 6 ramos arteriais seguida de mucopexia retal por sutura contínua. Nove necessitaram remoção concomitante de plicomas perianais. No pós-operatório, foram avaliados os parâmetros: dor, tenesmo, sangramento, prurido, prolapso, perda de muco e recidiva. O seguimento médio foi de quatro meses (um a nove meses). RESULTADOS: O tenesmo foi a queixa pós-operatória referida por 85,7% dos pacientes, seguida da dor 28,6%, ardor perianal 12,3%, perda de muco e formação de hematoma perianal 4,7%. Dois pacientes apresentaram sangramento pós-operatório de maior intensidade necessitando hemostasia cirúrgica, sendo que em um houve necessidade de reposição sanguínea. Noventa e cinco por cento dos pacientes declararam-se satisfeitos com o método. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica da DHGD, apesar de apresentar complicações semelhantes a outros métodos cirúrgicos, apresenta bons resultados com pouca dor pós-operatória, possibilitando retorno rápido ao trabalho. Estudos com maior número de casos e tempo de seguimento mais prolongado ainda são necessários para avaliar a recidiva tardia.

The treatment of hemorrhoidal disease (HD) by conventional hemorrhoidectomy is associated with significant morbidity, mainly represented by the postoperative pain and the late return to daily activities. Doppler-guided hemorrhoid artery ligation (DGHAL) is a minimal-invasive surgical treatment for HD that has been used as an alternative method in order to reduce these inconveniences. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the initial results of the DGHAL technique associated with rectal mucopexy in the treatment of HD. METHODS:Forty-two patients with stage I, III and IV hemorrhoids who were submitted to DGHAL were analyzed from December 2010 to August 2011. Eleven patients (26%) were stage II; 21 (50%), stage III; and 10 (24%), stage IV HD. All patients were operated by the same surgeon under spinal anesthesia and using the same equipment and technique to perform the procedure. The 42 patients underwent ligation of six arterial branches followed by rectal mucopexia by uninterrupted suture. Nine patients needed concomitant removal of perianal skin tag. In the postoperative, the following parameters were evaluated: pain, tenesmus, bleeding, itching, prolapse, mucus discharge and recurrence. The mean postoperative follow-up lasted four months (one to nine months). RESULTS: Tenesmus was the most common postoperative complaint for 85.7% of patients followed by pain, in 28.6%, perianal burning, in 12.3%, mucus discharge and perianal hematoma in 4.7%. Two patients had severe postoperative bleeding and required surgical haemostasis, one of which needed blood transfusion. Ninety-five percent of the patients declared to be satisfied with the method. CONCLUSION: Even though DGHAL has complications similar to those of other surgical methods, its results present less postoperative pain, allowing faster recovery and return to work. Studies with more cases and a longer follow-up are still necessary to assess the late recurrence.

The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional requirements of energy and protein and estimate the efficiencies of metabolizable energy utilization for fat and protein deposition, as well as for maintenance (k m) and growth (k g). An experiment of comparative slaughter was carried out with thirty-seven 14-month-old (±1 month) Nellore bulls with 259±24.9 kg. Animals were divided as follows: five to reference, four to maintenance level and twenty-eight bulls feeding ad libitum. Bulls were also grouped in 4 different feedlot periods (42, 84, 126 and 168 days) for slaughter. The diet was composed of corn silage and concentrate, at a 55:45 ratio. After the slaughter, the left half carcasses were totally dissected for determination of body composition. The energy requirements for maintenance were obtained by exponentially relating the heat production and the metabolizable energy intake, while the energy requirements for gain (NEg) were obtained according to empty body weight (EBW) and EBW gain (EBG). The net protein requirements for gain (NPg) were estimated according to EBG and retained energy (RE). The net (NEm) and metabolizable (MEm) energy requirements for maintenance were 76.5 and 113.84 kcal/EBW0.75/day, respectively. The k m was 0.67. The equations for NEg and NPg were: NEg (Mcal/day) = 0.0555 × EBW0.75 × EBG1.095 and NPg (g/day) = 263.37 × EBG - 23.21 × RE. The k g was 0.33. The efficiencies to deposition of energy as protein and fat were 0.18 and 0.71, respectively. The model obtained for the percentage of retained energy as protein (%REp) was %REp = 2.4221 × (RE/EBG)-1.6472. The net and metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance of Nellore bulls were 76.5 and 113.84 kcal/EBW0.75/day. The energy and protein requirements for gain could be obtained by the respective equations: NEg (Mcal/day) = 0.0555 × EBW0.75 × EBG1.095 and NPg (g/day) = 263.37 × EBG - 23.21 × RE.

The objective of this study was to estimate the urinary creatinine excretion by the shrunk body weight (SBW). In experiment I, 32 Nellore bulls with initial body weight of 259±24.9 kg and 14±1 months-old were used. The group was divided in four animals to maintenance and twenty eight animals feeding ad libitum and separated in four groups; each group was slaughtered at different times of feedlot (42, 84, 126 and 168 days). The diet was composed of corn silage and concentrate (55:45). Before the slaughters, the total urinary collection was realized during three days. A database of creatinine excretion was collected from other five studies that had been conducted with Nellore cattle. In all the studies, the total urinary collection was realized during at least three days. At the end of each collection, the animals were weighted. Urinary creatinine excretion (UCE) was related with the shrunk body weight and it can be estimated by the equation: UCE (g/day) = 0.0345 × SBW0.9491.