Resumo O artigo busca analisar a relação entre Desenvolvimento Sustentável e condições de saúde em áreas de risco. Para tanto, foi realizado um survey em Bissau, capital de Guiné-Bissau, África. Como procedimento metodológico principal foram construídos: Índice de Ocorrência de Doenças (IOD), Índice de Acesso a Serviços de Saúde (IASS) e Índice de Saneamento Básico (ISB), os quais permitiram analisar quantitativamente, e na perspectiva dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), a relação entre saúde e saneamento. Os principais resultados mostraram que as metas do Objetivo 3 do Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Saúde e Bem-Estar, encontram-se ameaçadas devido à falta de infraestrutura de saneamento, baixa escolaridade e baixa renda familiar. Em áreas de risco como a estudada no artigo, as demandas por saúde perpassam por diversos ODS, especialmente aqueles voltados para atender às necessidades humanas: Objetivo 1 (Erradicação da pobreza), Objetivo 2 (Segurança Alimentar), Objetivo 6 (Saneamento) e Objetivo 10 (Desigualdade entre países).

Abstract The paper analyses the relationship between sustainable development and health conditions in hazardous areas. Therefore, we conducted a survey in Bissau, capital of Guinea-Bissau, Africa. The main methodological procedures were the Disease Occurrence Index (DOI), Access Index Health Services (AIHS) and Sanitation Index (SI), which allowed the quantitative analysis of the relationship between health and sanitation with regard to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The main results showed that the targets of Goal 3 - Sustainable Development, Health and Welfare - are threatened due to lack of sanitation infrastructure, low education and low income. In hazardous areas, as studied in the article, health demands permeate several SDG.

Resumen El artículo busca analizar la relación entre las condiciones de salud y el desarrollo sostenible en zonas de riesgo. Se realizó una encuesta en Bissau, capital de Guinea Bissau, África. Como procedimiento metodológico fueron construidos: el Índice de ocurrencia de enfermedades (DCI), el Índice de Acceso Servicios a la Salud (IASS) y el Índice de Saneamiento (IS), lo que permitió analizar cuantitativamente y bajo la perspectiva de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) la relación entre salud y saneamiento. Los principales resultados mostraron que las metas del Objetivo 3 de Desarrollo Sostenible, Salud y Bienestar, están amenazadas debido a la falta de infraestructura de saneamiento, baja escolaridad y bajos ingresos familiares. En las áreas de riesgo como la estudiada en el artículo, las demandas por salud están incluidas en varios ODS, especialmente los orientados a satisfacer las necesidades humanas: Objetivo 1 (Erradicación de la pobreza), Objetivo 2 (Seguridad Alimentaria), Objetivo 6 (Saneamiento) y Objetivo 10 (Desigualdad entre países).

BACKGROUND The detection of live Mycobacterium leprae in soil and animals other than humans suggests that the environment plays a role in the transmission of leprosy. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of viable M. leprae in natural water sources used by the local population in five municipalities in the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. METHODS Samples were collected from 30 different sources. Viable bacilli were identified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the M. leprae gyrA gene and sequencing of the PCR products. Physicochemical properties of each water source were also assessed. FINDINGS M. leprae gyrA mRNA was found in 23 (76.7%) of the water sources. No association was found between depth of the water and sample positivity, nor was there any association between the type of water used by the population and sample positivity. An association between viable M. leprae and temperature and pH was found. Georeferencing showed a relation between the residences of leprosy cases and water source containing the bacterium. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The finding of viable M. leprae in natural water sources associated with human contact suggests that the environment plays an important role in maintaining endemic leprosy in the study region.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study quantified Mycobacterium leprae bacilli in environmental water samples from five municipalities in the State of Ceará by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and compared the identified genotypes with those obtained from leprosy patient biopsies. METHODS: We collected five replicas from each of the 30 selected reservoirs and skin lesion biopsies from 25 new leprosy cases treated at a reference center in Fortaleza, Ceará from 2010 to 2013. The 16S rRNA gene region of M. leprae was amplified by qPCR and a standard curve was created with the pIDTBlue 16SrRNAMlep plasmid. The Juazeiro do Norte water samples and the biopsies were genotyped (single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] 1 to 4) and the SNP 4 genotypes were subtyped. RESULTS: Of the 149 water samples analyzed, 54.4% were positive for the M. leprae DNA. The M. leprae bacilli copy number ranged from 1.42 × 10 -1 to 1.44 × 10 + 2 . Most biopsies showed SNP type 4 (64%), while all samples from Juazeiro do Norte were SNP type 4, with subtype 4-N appearing at the highest frequency. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that environmental waters containing M. leprae bacilli play an important role in disease transmission, justifying PGL-1 seropositivity in individuals living in areas where there is no reported case, and in leprosy cases individuals who report no previous contact with other case. Therefore, further investigation is needed to clarify disease transmission in this region and to explore the role of the environment. We also suggest that in this area surveillance for leprosy cases should be intensified.

Dentre as diversas tecnologias utilizadas para cálculo do volume de materiais na mineração, o Veículo Aéreo Não Tripulado (VANT) e o Light Detecting And Ranging (LiDAR), surgem como alternativas rápidas e precisas, em comparação com as técnicas de topografia tradicionais como estação total e Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Diante destas novas tecnologias, este estudo avaliou a acurácia do cálculo de volume, realizado por meio de Modelos Digitais de Terreno (MDTs), gerados a partir das tecnologias VANT, LiDAR e GNSS, em uma pilha de rejeito da extração de calcário laminado, explorado para fabricação de lajotas in natura, comercializado com o nome de "Pedra Cariri", no município de Santana do Cariri, no Estado do Ceará. A avaliação da acurácia foi realizada com base no método de testes de hipóteses, a partir da análise de tendência e precisão, sendo os resultados classificados de acordo com o Padrão de Exatidão Cartográfica dos Produtos Cartográficos Digitais (PEC-PCD). Como resultado, o modelo gerado a partir do VANT apresentou a melhor acurácia no cálculo de volume da pilha de rejeito, objeto deste estudo, seguido pela modelagem obtida pelos levantamentos GNSS e LiDAR.

Among the various technologies used for calculate the volume of materials in mining, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and the Light Detecting And Ranging (LiDAR), appear as fast and accurate alternatives compared to traditional surveying techniques such as total station and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Using these new technologies, the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy in volume calculation, performed by Digital Terrain Models (DTM), generated from the UAV technologies, LiDAR and GNSS in a pile of waste extraction laminated limestone (reject material), exploited for the manufacture of tiles in nature, marketed under the name of "Cariri Stone" in the city of Santana do Cariri, state of Ceará. The assessment of accuracy was based on hypothesis testing method, from the trend and precision of analysis, and the results classified according to the Cartographic Accuracy of Digital Cartographic Standard Products (PEC-PCD). As a result, the model generated from the UAV presented the best accuracy in the waste cell volume calculation, object of this study, followed by modeling obtained by GNSS surveys and LiDAR.