Abstract In this research, aqueous and ethanolic extracts from Justicia pectoralis Jacq and Croton Jacobinensis Baill were characterized. The UPLC-QTOF-MSE analysis was performed on the extracts identified, predominantly, flavonoids, tannins and acids. The extracts did not indicate toxicity in human epithelial cells. C. jacobinensis presented a concentration of phenolics 60.5% higher than J. pectoralis in all scenarios evaluated and, for both samples, the hydroalcoholic extract at 70% exhibited the best efficiency in the extraction (14501.3 and 32521.5 mg GAE 100 g-1 for J. pectoralis and C. jacobinensis, respectively). The antioxidant activity presented a positive correlation with the concentration of phenolics, being 1.186,1 and 1.507,9 μM of Trolox for J. pectoralis and C. jacobinensis at 70% of ethanol; however, it was not verified statistical difference between the ethanolic solutions (p < 0.05). The antimicrobial activity of J. pectoralis extracts was highlighted once was the most effective against gram-positive bacteria. The results suggest that both J. pectoralis and C. jacobinensis extracts present the potential to be applied as natural additives due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and safety. Thus, it is suggesting the development of studies that could investigate the interaction of these plant extracts with food matrices is required.

Resumo O interesse por espécies vegetais com ação antiviral tem crescido exponencialmente e algumas tem sido relatadas como possuídoras de propriedades anti-HIV. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar o fracionamento fitoquímico biodirecionado pela atividade antirretroviral das cascas do caule da espécie Lafoensia pacari. Trata-se de um estudo experimental in vitro e a metodologia envolve preparo do material vegetal, obtenção do extrato etanólico, fracionamento, purificação, identificação e quantificação das frações, extração ácido-base, ressonância magnética nuclear, teste de inibição da TR do HIV-1 e estudos de docking molecular. A partir do fracionamento biodirecionado pela atividade antirretroviral verificou-se uma maior atividade nas subfrações acetanólica. Com destaque para a subfração acetanólica neutros com 60,98% de inibição de TR e o ácido elágico com 88,61% de inibição de TR e ausência de citotoxicidade. Verificou-se com o teste de citotoxicidade em linhagem de macrófagos que a fração clorofórmica foi mais tóxica que a fração acetanólica. A análise do espectro J-resolvido na região aromática apresentou um simpleto em 7.48 e 6.93 ppm que foram identificados como ácido elágico e ácido gálico respectivamente. A enzima 5TIQ obteve melhor parâmetro de afinidade com o ligante ácido elágico que foi confirmado pelos espectros HSQC-1H-13C. O ácido gálico mostrou-se também favorável a formar interação com a enzima 5TIQ, sendo confirmado através do espectro HSQC-1H-13C. Através da avaliação do PreADMET verificou-se que o ácido elágico é uma molécula promissora pela sua atividade de inibição da TR e parâmetros farmacocinéticos e de toxicidade.

Abstract Interest in antiviral plant species has grown exponentially and some have been reported to have anti-HIV properties. This research aims to perform the bio-guided phytochemical fractionation by antiretroviral activity of Lafoensia pacari stem barks. This in vitro experimental study involved the preparation of plant material, obtention of ethanolic extract, fractionation, purification, identification and quantification of fractions, acid-base extraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, HIV-1 RT inhibition test and molecular docking studies. From the bio-guided fractionation by the antiretroviral activity there was a higher activity in the acetanolic subfractions, highlighting the acetate subfraction – neutrals with 60.98% of RT inhibition and ellagic acid with 88.61% of RT inhibition and absence of cytotoxicity. The macrophage lineage cytotoxicity assay showed that the chloroform fraction was more toxic than the acetate fraction. The analysis of the J-resolved spectrum in the aromatic region showed a singlet at 7.48 and 6.93 ppm which was identified as ellagic acid and gallic acid, respectively. The 5TIQ enzyme obtained better affinity parameter with the ellagic acid ligand, which was confirmed by the HSQC-1H-13C spectra. Gallic acid was also favorable to form interaction with the 5TIQ enzyme, being confirmed through the HSQC-1H-13C spectrum. From the PreADMET evaluation it was found that ellagic acid is a promising molecule for its RT inhibition activity and pharmacokinetic and toxicity parameters.

O trabalho avaliou a influência da termorretificação na resistência ao ataque de cupins em madeira de Qualea paraensis. A madeira utilizada no experimento foi submetida à termorretificação com duas temperaturas (180 e 200°C) e dois períodos de permanência em estufa (120 e 240 min.). Após os tratamentos térmicos, as amostras de madeira foram submetidas ao ensaio de biodegradação, sendo mantidas em ambiente controlado, com presença do cupim Nasutitermes corniger. (Dictyoptera: Termitidae), durante 45 dias. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Os diferentes tratamentos térmicos alteraram as características avaliadas para a madeira de Qualea paraensis. Três dos quatro tratamentos térmicos avaliados aumentaram a massa específica da madeira. Contudo, também foi verificado um aumento da suscetibilidade da madeira ao ataque de cupins de madeira úmida.

The study evaluated the influence of heat treatment on termites attack of Qualea paraensis. wood. The wood used in the experiment was submitted to heat treatment with two temperatures (180 and 200°C) and two periods of stay in the oven (120 and 240 min.). After heat treatment the wood specimens were subjected to the biodegradation test, being maintained in a controlled environment with presence of the termites Nasutitermes corniger. (Dictyoptera: Termitidae) for 45 days. The results were submitted to variance analysis and the means compared to Tukey's test at 5% significance. The thermal treatments for the Qualea paraensis made modifiction characteristics of the wood. Three of the four thermal treatments evaluated increased the density. However, there was also an increase too in susceptibility of wood to the attack of humid wood termites.

Abstract This study examined the relationship between resting heart rate (RHRr) and anthropometric, metabolic and hemodynamic parameters in subjects aged 80 years and over. One hundred thirteen individuals were divided into two groups (RHR:<66 beats/min and ≥66 beats/min). Anthropometric parameters (weight, height, body mass index and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Hemodynamic parameters (systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) pressure) were measured and pulse pressures (PP) were obtained. Metabolic parameters were fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol. In elderly aged 80 and over, RHR influenced the changes observed in DBP, PP and triglycerides. Additionally, subjects with RHR≥66 beats/min had higher DBP, glucose, total cholesterol and lower PP as compared with elderly with RHR<66 beats/min. Men demonstrated greater weight, height, and WC than women while women had higher percentage of body fat, trunk fat, and higher total cholesterol. Thus, subjects with 80 years old and over who present RHR≥66 have higher DBP and lower PP and heart rate variability compared with the elderly with RHR<66.

OBJECTIVE: Chemoreceptors play an important role in the autonomic modulation of circulatory and ventilatory responses to changes in arterial O2 and/or CO2. However, studies evaluating hemodynamic responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in rats have shown inconsistent results. Our aim was to evaluate hemodynamic and respiratory responses to different levels of hypoxia and hypercapnia in conscious intact or carotid body-denervated rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were submitted to bilateral ligature of carotid body arteries (or sham-operation) and received catheters into the left femoral artery and vein. After two days, each animal was placed into a plethysmographic chamber and, after baseline measurements of respiratory parameters and arterial pressure, each animal was subjected to three levels of hypoxia (15, 10 and 6% O2) and hypercapnia (10% CO2). RESULTS: The results indicated that 15% O2 decreased the mean arterial pressure and increased the heart rate (HR) in both intact (n = 8) and carotid body-denervated (n = 7) rats. In contrast, 10% O2did not change the mean arterial pressure but still increased the HR in intact rats, and it decreased the mean arterial pressure and increased the heart rate in carotid body-denervated rats. Furthermore, 6% O2 increased the mean arterial pressure and decreased the HR in intact rats, but it decreased the mean arterial pressure and did not change the HR in carotid body-denervated rats. The 3 levels of hypoxia increased pulmonary ventilation in both groups, with attenuated responses in carotid body-denervated rats. Hypercapnia with 10% CO2 increased the mean arterial pressure and decreased HR similarly in both groups. Hypercapnia also increased pulmonary ventilation in both groups to the same extent. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the hemodynamic and ventilatory responses varied according to the level of hypoxia. Nevertheless, the hemodynamic and ventilatory responses to hypercapnia did not depend on the activation of the peripheral carotid chemoreceptors.

FUNDAMENTO: Apesar da superior precisão diagnóstica das troponinas cardíacas de alta sensibilidade, seu valor prognóstico ainda não foi validado contra troponinas cardíacas convencionais. OBJETIVO: Testar o valor prognóstico da troponina I de alta sensibilidade (TnI-as) em comparação com a troponina T convencional (TnT-c) no cenário de síndromes coronarianas agudas sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (SCA). MÉTODOS: No momento da admissão, uma amostra de plasma foi coletada de 103 pacientes consecutivos com angina instável ou infarto agudo do miocárdio sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST. Nessa amostra, a troponina foi medida tanto pelo método TnI-as quanto pelo método TnT-c. O valor prognóstico das duas troponinas foi comparado em relação à ocorrência de evento cardiovascular maior, definido como o composto de morte, infarto agudo do miocárdio não fatal ou angina instável refratária durante a internação. RESULTADOS: Durante uma hospitalização mediana de 8 dias (intervalo interquartil = 5-11), a incidência de eventos cardiovasculares foi 10% (5 mortes, 3 infartos não fatais e 2 anginas refratárias não fatais). Troponina I de alta sensibilidade predisse significativamente eventos cardiovasculares, com C-estatísticas de 0,73 (95% CI = 0,59-0,87), à semelhança da TnT-c (0,70; 95% CI = 0,55-0,84) - P = 0,75. A definição de troponina positiva que proporcionou melhor acurácia prognóstica foi TnI-as > 0,055 mg / L e TnT-c > 0,010 mg / L, com sensibilidade de 90% e especificidade de 52% para ambos os ensaios. CONCLUSÃO: Troponina I de alta sensibilidade prediz eventos cardiovasculares de forma semelhante à troponina T convencional no cenário de SCA. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

BACKGROUND: Despite superior diagnostic accuracy of high-sensitivity cardiac troponins, their prognostic value has not been validated against conventional cardiac troponins. OBJECTIVE: To test the prognostic value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), compared with conventional cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in the setting of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. METHODS: At hospital admission, a plasma sample was collected from 103 consecutive patients with unstable angina or non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction. In this sample, troponin was measured both by hs-cTnI and cTnT methods. Their prognostic value was compared as to the occurrence of major cardiovascular events, defined as a combination of death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction or refractory unstable angina during hospitalization. RESULTS: During median hospitalization of 8 days (interquartile range = 5 - 11), the incidence of cardiovascular events was 10% (5 deaths, 3 non-fatal myocardial infarctions and 2 non-fatal refractory anginas). High-sensitivity troponin I significantly predicted cardiovascular events, with a C-statistics of 0.73 (95% CI = 0.59 - 0.87), similarly to cTnT (0.70; 95% CI = 0.55 - 0.84) - P = 0.75. The definition of positive cardiac marker that provided the best prognostic accuracy was hs-cTnI > 0.055 µg/L and cTnT > 0.010 µg/L, with equal sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 52% for both assays. Positive hs-cTnI was associated with 17% incidence of events, compared with 2% in patients with negative hs-cTnI (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: High-sensitivity troponin I predicts cardiovascular events similarly to conventional troponin T in the setting of non-ST-elevation ACS. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

INTRODUCTION: Results from our laboratory have demonstrated that intracerebroventricular administration of sildenafil to conscious rats promoted a noticeable increase in both lumbar sympathetic activity and heart rate, with no change in the mean arterial pressure. The intracerebroventricular administration of sildenafil may have produced the hemodynamic effects by activating sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the supraspinal regions and spinal cord. It is well documented that sildenafil increases intracellular cGMP levels by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 and increases cAMP levels by inhibiting other phosphodiesterases. OBJECTIVE: To examine and compare, in conscious rats, the hemodynamic response following the intrathecal administration of sildenafil, 8-bromo-cGMP (an analog of cGMP), forskolin (an activator of adenylate cyclase), or dibutyryl-cAMP (an analog of cAMP) in order to elucidate the possible role of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the observed hemodynamic response. RESULTS: The hemodynamic responses observed following intrathecal administration of the studied drugs demonstrated the following: 1) sildenafil increased the mean arterial pressure and heart rate in a dose-dependent manner, 2) increasing doses of 8-bromo-cGMP did not alter the mean arterial pressure and heart rate, 3) forskolin did not affect the mean arterial pressure but did increase the heart rate and 4) dibutyryl-cAMP increased the mean arterial pressure and heart rate, similar to the effect observed following the intrathecal injection of the highest dose of sildenafil. CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings of the current study suggest that the cardiovascular response following the intrathecal administration of sildenafil to conscious rats involves the inhibition of phosphodiesterases other than phosphodiesterase type 5 that increase the cAMP level and the activation of sympathetic preganglionic neurons.

O uso cada vez mais freqüente de métodos diagnósticos simples e efetivos tem contribuído significativamente para um aumento no diagnóstico de câncer da tiróide nos últimos anos. Entretanto, existem importantes evidências de que muitos dos microcarcinomas papilíferos têm um comportamento indolente e podem nunca evoluir para cânceres clínicos. Existe, portanto, uma necessidade urgente de desenvolver novas ferramentas capazes de predizer quais os tumores tiroidianos que permanecerão silenciosos e quais desenvolverão comportamento agressivo. Há uma série de marcadores clínicos de evolução bem estabelecidos e alguns estudos recentes sugerem que dados laboratoriais e métodos de imagem podem ser úteis. Marcadores moleculares também vêm sendo ativamente investigados e alguns, como BRAF, os genes GST e polimorfismos de p53, parecem promissores. Além disso, marcadores imunocitoquímicos e a medida da natureza fractal da cromatina podem aumentar a especificidade do diagnóstico anatomopatológico e ajudar a predizer o prognóstico. Existe uma necessidade imperiosa de elaborarmos diretrizes destinadas a selecionar os nódulos que merecem prosseguimento em sua avaliação, assim como novos métodos capazes de identificar lesões mais agressivas entre os geralmente indolentes tumores tiroidianos.

The large use of simple and effective diagnostic tools has significantly contributed to the increase in diagnosis of thyroid cancer over the past years. However, there is compelling evidence that most micropapillary carcinomas have an indolent behavior and may never evolve into clinical cancers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new tools able to predict which thyroid cancers will remain silent, and which thyroid cancers will present an aggressive behavior. There are a number of well-established clinical predictors of malignancy and recent studies have suggested that some of the patient’s laboratory data and image methods may be useful. Molecular markers have also been increasingly tested and some of them appear to be very promising, such as BRAF, a few GST genes and p53 polymorphisms. In addition, modern tools, such as immunocytochemical markers, and the measure of the fractal nature of chromatin organization may increase the specificity of the pathological diagnosis of malignancy and help ascertain the prognosis. Guidelines designed to select nodules for further evaluation, as well as new methods aimed at distinguishing carcinomas of higher aggressiveness among the usually indolent thyroid tumors are an utmost necessity.

The first description of the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was made in 1980, followed closely by the discovery of HTLV-2, in 1982. Since then, the main characteristics of these viruses, commonly referred to as HTLV-1/2, have been thoroughly studied. Central and South America and the Caribbean are areas of high prevalence of HTLV-1 and HTVL-2 and have clusters of infected people. The major modes of transmission have been through sexual contact, blood, and mother to child via breast-feeding. HTLV-1 is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/ TSP), and HTLV-associated uveitis as well as infectious dermatitis of children. More clarification is needed in the possible role of HTLV in rheumatologic, psychiatric, and infectious diseases. Since cures for ATL and HAM/TSP are lacking and no vaccine is available to prevent HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 transmission, these illnesses impose enormous social and financial costs on infected individuals, their families, and health care systems. For this reason, public health interventions aimed at counseling and educating high-risk individuals and populations are of vital importance. In the Americas this is especially important in the areas of high prevalence.

La primera descripción del virus de la leucemia humana de células T tipo 1 (VLHT-1) se hizo en 1980, y al poco tiempo, en 1982, se descubrió el VLHT-2. Desde entonces las características principales de estos virus, a los que a menudo se les llama VLHT-1/2, se han estudiado exhaustivamente. Centroamérica, América del Sur y el Caribe son áreas con una alta prevalencia de VLHT-1 y VLHT-2 donde hay conglomerados de personas infectadas. Las principales vías de transmisión han sido el contacto sexual, la sangre y sus derivados, y la de madre a hijo por la leche materna. El VLHT-1 se asocia con la leucemia o el linfoma de células T maduras (LTM), la mielopatía o paraparesia tropical espástica ligada al VLHT (M/PTE), y la uveítis ligada al VLHT, así como con la dermatitis infecciosa de la infancia. Se necesita más información acerca del posible papel que desempeña el VLHT en la aparición de enfermedades reumáticas, psiquiátricas e infecciosas. En vista de que no se dispone de ninguna cura para la LTM ni la M/PTE, como tampoco de ninguna vacuna para prevenir la transmisión del VLHT-1 y VLHT-2, estas enfermedades acarrean enormes costos sociales y económicos para las personas infectadas, sus parientes y los sistemas de salud. Por este motivo, las intervenciones sanitarias orientadas a asesorar e instruir a personas y poblaciones en alto riesgo revisten una importancia crítica. En el continente americano esto cobra aun más importancia en zonas de alta prevalencia.

An 8 m-thick section has preliminary been selected in the Yacoraite Formation as favorable for prospecting the K/T boundary in the Salta Group (Neocomian-Eocene) where the position of the limit is still uncertain. Detailed research took place in El Chorro creek in the Metán sub-basin. This place was selected based on regional geological and paleontological evidence and stratigraphic-sedimentologic studies. Detailed work includes geochemical analysis, mineralogy and sedimentology of carbonates and clastic rocks, with the help of scarce information from the fauna and flora present in the succession. To date, anomalies of siderophile elements (Cr, Ni, Co) among others have been detected in coincidence with abrupt changes in sedimentary facies and microfacies, particulary a decrease and replacement of normal limestone facies by siliciclastic ones.

En la columna del Grupo Salta (Neocomiano-Eoceno) aún es incierta la exacta posición del nivel correspondiente al límite Cretácico-Terciario. Preliminarmente aquí se ha acotado una sección de 8m de espesor dentro de la Formación Yacoraite como favorable para la prospección del límite. Las investigaciones de detalle se ejecutaron en la quebrada El Chorro de la subcuenca de Metán, perfil seleccionado junto a otros mediante criterios geológicos regionales, paleontológicos y estudios estratigráfico-sedimentológicos. Las herramientas usadas han consistido en geoquímica, mineralogía y sedimentología de los carbonatos y de las rocas clásticas, con el apoyo de la información brindada por la escasa fauna y flora de la cuenca. A la fecha se han detectado anomalías de elementos siderófilos (Cr, Ni y Co) y otros, asociados con abruptos cambios de facies y de microfacies que muestran la disminución y reemplazo de las facies normales de calizas por facies de dominio silicoclástico.

Em dois ensaios de campo de adubação nitrogenada, desenvolvidos com o cultivar IAC 20 de algodão em solos infestados por nematóides, nos municípios de Mococa e Tatuí (SP), em 1988/89, observou-se que a incidência de sintomas na parte aérea das plantas ocorreu de forma diferenciada em função dos tratamentos (0, 25, 50 e 75 kg ha-1 de N-cobertura). Efetuou-se, então, levantamento de sintomas, por parcela experimental, atribuindo às plantas notas crescentes de acordo com a intensidade do ataque: nota 1, para plantas com porte normal e isentas de manchas amareladas e/ou avermelhadas, salpicadas no limbo foliar ("carijó"); 2, com "carijó" (sintoma típico de mosqueamento foliar) nas folhas da base da copa ("baixeiro"); 3, com "carijó" no "baixeiro" e em folhas esparsas; 4, com "carijó" incluindo folhas do ponteiro, e nota 5, para plantas com "carijó" generalizado e deficiente desenvolvimento. A capacidade produtiva do algodoeiro, avaliada nas parcelas sem N, caiu, gradativamente, com a intensidade do "carijó", em especial após nota 3,0, que, em média, representa o deslocamento do sintoma para o ponteiro das plantas. A adubação nitrogenada, por contribuir, significativamente, para diminuir o "carijó" e para aumentar a concentração de N-foliar e a produtividade, pode representar uma alternativa viável no complemento da resistência varietal.

In two field experiments with cotton plants cv IAC 20, conducted in soils infested with nematodes, in the State of São Paulo (Brazil), it was observed that the parasite symptoms occurred in accordance with rates of urea applied in side-dressing (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg ha-1 of N). So, it was made a rating of symptoms in each experimental plot, giving grades to plants according to the intensity of the attack: grade 1, to plants with normal development and without "carijó", popular denomination for a specific internerval chlorosis of leaves; 2, with "carijó" at basal leaves; 3, with "carijó" at basal and dispersed leaves; 4, with "carijó" in all plant including the top portion, and grade 5 to plants with generalized "carijó" and deficient development. The cotton yield capacity, determined in plots without N, decreased gradually with "carijó", mainly after grade 3.0, that in average means the dislocation of symptoms toward the plant top. Nitrogen applied contributed expressively to reduce the "carijó" symptoms and to increase foliar-N and cotton yield. Therefore, N fertilization represents an alternative to complement the varietal resistance of cotton to nematodes.

Foi realizado um estudo dos efeitos de cloreto de clorocol ina e de cloreto de mepiquat na cultura do algodão em 11 experimentos de campo conduzidos em nove municípi os do Estado de São Paulo, nos anos agrícolas de 1980/81 e 1981/82. Para ambos os produtos foram estudadas as doses de 50g/ha, aplicada de uma só vez aos 60-70 dias de idade das plantas ou, parceladamente, 30g/ha nessa época e 20g/ha 15 dias após; e, de 75g/ha aplicada parcela damente, 50g/ha e 25g/ha, da mesma forma anterior. Como era esperado, ambos os produtos promovem redução da altura das plantas, da ordem de 25%, em relação às parce las não tratadas. Todavia, reflexos positivos na produção só foram observados nos experimentos com grande desenvolvimento das plantas (acima de 130 cm de altura). Nesses casos, as melhores produções foram obtidas com o tratamento 30 + 20g/ha , para ambos os produtos, que, na média e sem diferir entre si, induziram aumentos de cerca de 10% na produção. Em média, a produção no "baixeiro" das plantas (até 35cm de altura), foi, nas parcelas tratadas, 16% maior do que na testemunha, significando que, nesta, a produção total ficou mais dependente do "ponteiro" , portanto, de tratamentos fitossanitrios até o final do ciclo. Os produtos provocaram aumento no peso dos capulhos e das sementes e redução na porce ntagem de fibra. Aumentaram também o comprimento da fibra. Os efeitos nas sementes, na porcentagem de fibra e no comprimento desta, foram mais pronunciados com o uso de cloreto de clorocolina.

A comparative study of the effects of chlrocoline chloride and mepiquat chloride growth regulators, on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in regions of Sao Paulo State, during 1980/81 and 1981/82 was carried out. The treatments were: the basic of 50g/ha applied at 60-70 days after emergency; the same dose divided in 30g/h a at the same date and 20g/h a at 15 days after, and parceled application of 75g/h a, being 50g/h a at 60- 70 days and 25g/h a at 75-80 days afte r emergence. Tests were analyzed in two groups, those with higher plant height and those, with smaller plants. Yield, plant height, technologycal characters and yield distribution on the plant were evaluated. The last character consisting in the percentage of bolls set on the lower 35 cm plant height. The results showed a significative effect for yield in the case of the group of more developed plants. In this group the 30 + 20g/h a parceled dose showed the highest yield. For both groups the regulator reduced significan tly the height of the plants. They induced an increase in seed grade, boll weight, fiber length and decrease in percentage of fibers. There was also a higher concentration of bolls on the lower 35 cm of the treated plots.