Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) has been proposed to be a potential candidate to be used as biomaterial. However, its poor processability, high brittleness and rigidity have limited its applicability. Transesterification reactions with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), one of the most promising biomedical materials, emerge as an attractive alternative to improve its mechanical properties. In this work, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-b-ε-caprolactone) (PHB-b-PCL) was prepared straightforwardly by transesterification of the parent homopolymers by reactive extrusion in the presence of stannous octanoate. After purification by solvent fractionation, PHB-b-PCL was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of carbon (13C NMR) and hydrogen (1H NMR) and, subsequently, submitted to electrospinning. The results indicate that PHB was modified, showing lower crystallinity as compared to the original homopolymers. The electrospun mats are tough and flexible and analysis by scanning electron microscopy indicates the formation of uniformly smooth morphology with average fiber diameter of 900-1200 nm and voids in the range between a few microns up to a few tens of microns, suitable for cell diffusion in biomedical applications.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of associated glutamine and glutamic acid on growth performance and intestinal development of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fingerlings. Five isoproteic (~344.70 g kg−1 crude protein) and isocaloric diets (~3,925 kcal kg−1 gross energy) were developed containing 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 g kg−1 of associated glutamine and glutamic acid in extruded diets. Fish (n = 2,000, mean body weight of 2.12±0.53 g) were distributed into twenty 1-m3 floating net cages in an entirely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates, and each replicate comprised one floating net cage with 100 fish. Fish were hand-fed seven days per week, three times a day until apparent satiety for 45 days. There was a quadratic effect on final body weight, body weight gain, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein retention efficiency, net protein utilization, and intestinal villi height with optimized values for supplementation of associated glutamine and glutamic acid at 10.77, 10.67, 10.00, 8.85, 9.85, 10.15, and 10.98 g kg−1, respectively. There was no effect of associated glutamine and glutamic acid supplementation on feed intake, survival, and body composition. We conclude that 10.67 g kg−1 of associated glutamine and glutamic acid is adequate for growth performance optimization, and supplementation at 10.98 g kg−1 exerts trophic action and improves intestinal morphometry in cage-farmed Nile tilapia fingerlings.

Abstract Despite uncommon in the scientific literature, the quantification of aesthetic impairment (AI) figures among the procedures performed by forensic dentists in Court. During this procedure, the dentist (as expert witness) must be able to provide a scientific report with forensic evidences to support legal decisions, such as towards indemnifications or not. The present study aims to report a case adjudicated in the civil jurisprudence involving a plaintiff with dental and facial AI that underwent forensic examination with a forensic dentist. A lawsuit founded on financial indemnification was demanded by an adult male against a county in South Brazil. The plaintiff claimed AI after falling with his bicycle into a hole in the asphalt. The expert witness’ report provided to the civil Court indicated dental loss and several maxillofacial lesions observed through the physical exam. The quantification of these lesions suggested substantial severity of AI. After considering all the aspects involved in the case, the civil Court ruled against the county, establishing indemnification of nearly $5,000.00. The present study highlights the important role of dentists as expert witnesses in the civil scenario. Forensic training must be encouraged to enable optimal performances in Court.

Resumen A pesar de ser poco frecuente en la literatura científica, la valoración del daño estético (DE) figura entre los procedimientos realizados por los odontólogos forenses en la Corte. Durante este procedimiento, el dentista (como perito) debe ser capaz de proporcionar un informe científico con pruebas forenses para apoyar las decisiones legales, como aquellas que implican indemnizaciones. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo informar de un caso juzgado en la jurisprudencia civil que involucra a un demandante con DE odontológico y facial que se sometió a un examen forense. Una demanda fundada en la indemnización financiera fue asegurada por un hombre adulto contra un condado en el sur de Brasil. El demandante reclamó DE después de caer con su bicicleta en un agujero en el asfalto. El informe del perito ante el tribunal civil indicó una pérdida dental y varias lesiones maxilofaciales observadas en el examen físico. La valoración de estas lesiones sugirió gravedad sustancial de la DE. Después de considerar todos los aspectos involucrados en el caso, la Corte Civil decidió contra el condado, estableciendo una indemnización de casi 5.000 dólares. El presente estudio pone de relieve el importante papel de los dentistas como expertos en el escenario civil. El entrenamiento forense debe ser estimulado para permitir un desempeño óptimo en la Corte.

Resumo Introdução Este trabalho serve como um alerta para dentistas e pesquisadores, que alguns cimentos resinosos duais podem não polimerizar completamente sob alguns tipos de coroas protéticas. Objetivo Analisar o grau de polimerização de cimentos resinos duais, sob barreiras protéticas, por teste de microdureza. Material e método Três cimentos: Bistite II, RelyX ARC e Variolink II, foram fotopolimerizados através da interposição de vários tipos de barreiras, interpostas entre o cimento e a fonte de luz, formando os grupos: G1: sem barreira; G2: Resina composta Cesead; G3: Inceram alumina/Allceram; G4: IPS Empress; G5: Inceram zircônia/Allceram; G6: fragmento dental. Utilizou-se a luz halógena (650 mW/cm2) para fotoativação e a microdureza foi avaliada: 50gf durante 15s (MicrohardnessTester FM 700), em dois períodos (30min e 24h) pós ativação. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e teste de Tukey (5%). As interposições de Inceram alumina e Inceram zircônia resultaram na polimerização deficiente dos cimentos, impossibilitando a realização dos ensaios. Resultado Para o fator cimento, o Bistite revelou a maior microdureza, seguido do RelyX e do Variolink (p<0,05). A barreira influenciou a microdureza, sendo que os maiores valores foram obtidos sem barreira, seguida do dente. Empress e Cesead proporcionaram os menores valores de microdureza e não diferiram entre si. Conclusão A barreira afetou negativamente a microdureza dos cimentos resinosos duais; o período de avaliação não afetou os valores de microdureza para quase todas as condições testadas; existe um fator limitante do ativador químico na polimerização de alguns cimentos resinosos duais, e seu desempenho é dependente do produto.

Abstract Introduction This study serves as a warning to dentists and researchers that dual-cured resin cements may not polymerize completely under some prosthetic crowns. Objective The aim of this study was to analyse the polymerization degree of dual-cured resin cements under prosthetic barrier, by microhardness test. Material and method Three cements (Bistite II, RelyX ARC and Variolink II) were light-cured through different barriers, placed between the cement and the light source: G1: without barrier; G2: composite resin (Cesead); G3: Inceram alumina; G4: IPS Empress; G5: Inceram zirconia; G6: tooth fragment. Photopolymerization was carried out using a halogen light unit (650 mW/cm2); microhardness was evaluated using the Microhardness Tester FM 700, under a load of 50gf with a dwell time of 15s, at two evaluation times (30min and 24h). Result The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (5%). Both Inceram alumina and Inceram zirconia ceramic barriers hindered polymerization. Bistite, followed by RelyX and Variolink, exhibited the highest microhardness values (p<0.05). As the highest values were obtained without a barrier, it was determined that the barrier, followed by the tooth, influenced microhardness. Both Empress and Cesead had the smallest microhardness values but with no statistically significant difference between them. Conclusion The barrier negatively affected the microhardness of dual-cured resin cements; evaluation time did not affect microhardness values for most of the conditions tested. There is a limited effect of the chemical activator on the polymerization of some dual-cured cements, and their performance is product specific.

This trial was conducted to determine the dietary digestible methionine + cystine requirement of Nile tilapia (550 to 700 g) based on the ideal protein concept. Six hundred fish were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates, with 30 fish per experimental unit. The fish were fed diets containing approximately 262 g of digestible protein/kg, 3,040 kcal of digestible energy/kg and 7.90, 9.40, 10.90, 12.40 or 13.90 g of methionine + cystine/kg. The fish were hand-fed three times a day until apparent satiation for 30 days. No effects of dietary methionine + cystine on feed conversion ratio, daily protein deposition, whole body moisture, fillet moisture, crude protein, ether extract and ash, plasmatic HDL and LDL cholesterol were observed. Dietary methionine resulted in a linear increase in whole body protein and linear reduction in lipid deposition rate, hepatosomatic index, whole body ether extract and ash, plasmatic total cholesterol, plasmatic total lipids and plasmatic triglycerides. According to the Linear Response Plateau, the daily weight gain and fillet yield increased up to a level of 9.00 and 9.90 g methionine + cystine/kg of diet, respectively. The digestible methionine + cystine requirement of Nile tilapia is 9.00 g/kg for weight gain and 9.90 g/kg for fillet yield, corresponding to methionine + cystine:lysine ratios of 0.60 and 0.66, respectively.

O objetivo deste estudo foi a formulação de equações para estimar a energia digestível em alimentos para a tilápia. Foram utilizados valores obtidos na literatura da composição centesimal em proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, matéria mineral e energia bruta (variáveis independentes), bem como a energia digestível (variável dependente) obtidos em ensaios biológicos. Os dados foram submetidos à regressão linear múltipla "stepwise backward". Foi realizada análise de trilha para medir os efeitos diretos e indiretos de cada variável independente sobre a dependente. Para validar o modelo foram utilizados dados de estudos independentes, e os valores obtidos em um ensaio de digestibilidade com juvenis de tilápia do Nilo, testando-se cinco farinhas de carne e ossos (FCO), utilizando o sistema de coleta de fezes de Guelph e óxido de cromo (III) como indicador. A equação obtida não pode estimar os valores de energia digestível (ED) de origem animal e está descrito a seguir: ED (kcalkg-1) = -2364,970+1,287 x EB;R² = 0,775. Os coeficientes de trilha obtidos tem valores de médios a baixo, sendo o maior efeito direto o da energia bruta (0,529), enquanto a proteina bruta apresentou o maior efeito indireto, via energia bruta (0,439).

The objective of this study was to formulate a mathematical model to estimate digestible energy in animal feeds for tilapia. Literature results were used of the proximate composition of crude protein, ether extract, mineral matter and gross energy, as well as digestible energy obtained in biological assays. The data were subjected to stepwise backward multiple linear regression. Path analysis was performed to measure the direct and indirect effects of each independent variable on the dependent one. To validate the model, data from independent studies and values obtained from a digestibility trial with juvenile Nile tilapia testing five meat and bone meals (MBM) were used, using the Guelph feces collecting system and chromium oxide (III) as an indicator. The obtained model is described below and cannot estimate digestible energy (DE) of animal origin: DE (kcal kg-1) = -2364.970+1.287xGE;R² = 0.775. The path coefficients were medium or low, the highest direct effect was from gross energy (0.529), while the highest indirect effect was from crude protein, through gross energy (0.439).

The objective of this study was to formulate mathematical models to estimate digestible protein in some animal feeds for tilapia. Literature results of the proximate composition of crude protein, ether extract, and mineral matter, as well as digestible protein obtained in biological assays, were used. The data were subjected to multiple linear stepwise backward regression. Path analysis was performed to measure the direct and indirect effects of each independent variable on the dependent one. To validate the model, the experience used data from independent studies and values obtained from a digestibility trial with juvenile Nile tilapia testing five meat and bone meals, using the Guelph feces collecting system and chromium oxide (III) as an indicator. The obtained model used to estimate digestible protein values (DP) of animal origin is: DP(g kg-1) = -204.15+1.203xCP;R² = 0.953. The path coefficients showed a high direct positive effect (0.900) of crude protein on the digestible protein content. The mineral matter content has an indirect negative effect on protein digestibility (-0.710), reducing the crude protein content and quality.

This study was conducted to determine the digestible lysine requirements of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Fish (n = 300; average initial weight = 1.44 g) were distributed 15 300-L aquariums, in a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replicates, and fed extruded diets containing 11.3, 13.7, 16.1, 18.4 or 20.8 g/kg of digestible lysine. The arginine:lysine ratio was maintained at 1.3:1. All fish were fed diets containing 281 g/kg of digestible protein and 3,372 kcal digestible energy/kg, hand-fed until apparent satiation. There was no effect of the dietary lysine levels on survival rate, or protein and ash body rates. With increasing levels of lysine in the diet, a quadratic effect on weight gain, feed conversion, protein efficiency ratio, protein deposition rate, deposition rate of fat, body moisture and body lipids was observed, where the best values of the variables were estimated at 15.96, 16.4, 14.35, 15.21, 15.87, 15.21 and 16.29 g/kg of lysine, respectively. The digestible lysine requirement of Nile tilapia fingerlings is 15.21 g/kg (5.41 g/100 g of digestible protein), in diets balanced for the arginine:lysine ratio.

Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar os efeitos da redução da proteína da dieta, por meio da suplementação com aminoácidos sintéticos, sobre o desempenho produtivo, a digestibilidade e o diâmetro da fibra muscular de tilápias-do-nilo. Os aminoácidos (lisina, metionina, treonina e arginina) foram suplementados de forma a manter o perfil de aminoácidos da dieta-referência. Foram utilizados 160 peixes com peso vivo médio inicial de 105,7 ± 2,5 g, distribuídos em 16 tanques (1 m³ cada) e alimentados com dietas contendo 26,74; 25,82; 23,09 ou 22,16% de proteína digestível durante 110 dias. Não foi observado efeito dos níveis de proteína nas dietas sobre o ganho de peso diário, o índice hepatossomático, a gordura visceral, o rendimento de filé, os teores corporais de umidade, proteína bruta e cinzas, o teor de cinzas no filé, a taxa de sobrevivência e o diâmetro das fibras do músculo dorsal. Com a redução dos níveis de proteína na dieta, foi observada redução linear dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da energia bruta, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e fósforo das dietas. Houve efeito quadrático dos níveis de proteína sobre a conversão alimentar, a taxa de eficiência proteica, a retenção de nitrogênio, o nitrogênio excretado, a umidade no filé, a gordura corporal e no filé e proteína no filé, de modo que os melhores valores foram estimados com 24,53; 24,25; 24,04; 25,15; 24,67; 24,14; 24,34; 25,11% de proteína digestível, respectivamente. É possível reduzir, de 26,74 para 24,53%, a proteína digestível em dietas para tilápias-do-nilo na fase de 100 a 500 g.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of reduction of protein in diets for Nile tilapia by supplementation of synthetic amino acids on performance, digestibility and diameter of muscle fiber of Nile tilapias. The amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine and arginine) were supplemented to keep the profile of amino acids in the reference diet. It was used 160 fish with initial live weight of 105.7 ± 2.5 g, distributed in 16 tanks (1 m³ each tank) fed diets containing 26.74; 25.82; 23.09 or 22.16% of digestible protein for 110 days. It was not observed any effects of protein levels in the diets on daily weight gain, hepatosomatic index, visceral fat, fillet yield, carcass humidity, crude protein and ash, fillet ash, survival rate and on the white muscle fiber diameter. A linear decrease on apparent digestibility coefficients, gross energy, crude protein, ether extract and phosphorus was observed when protein levels in the diet were reduced. There was a quadratic effect on feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency rate, nitrogen retention, nitrogen excretion, fillet humidity, carcass and fillet fat and fillet protein, in which the best-fit responses were estimated with 24.53, 24.25, 24.04, 25.15, 24.67, 24.14, 24.34 and 25.11% of digestible protein, respectively. It is possible to reduce the dietary protein level from 26.74 to 24.53% for Nile tilapia 100 to 500-g phase.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da metionina e colina sobre o desempenho produtivo e a morfologia do fígado de tilápia-do-nilo. Durante 87 dias, 160 peixes da linhagem Supreme, com peso vivo médio inicial de 77±0,8 g, distribuídos igualmente em 16 tanques de 1.000 L cada, foram cultivados em sistema com recirculação de água. Os peixes foram alimentados com rações, peletizadas, três vezes ao dia, até saciedade aparente. Foram utilizadas quatro rações com 33% de proteína bruta e 3.000 kcal kg-1 de energia digestível: controle, sem suplementação; suplementação com 3.000 mg kg-1 de metionina; com 2.000 mg kg-1 de colina; com 3.000 mg kg-1 de metionina e 2.000 mg kg-1 de colina. Não foi observado efeito do fornecimento de metionina ou colina sobre o ganho de peso diário, conversão alimentar, rendimento de filé, índice hepatossomático e gordura visceral. Os peixes alimentados com dietas suplementadas com colina e metionina tiveram menor teor de gordura nos filés e redução de inclusões lipídicas no tecido hepático. A suplementação com colina e metionina não afeta o desempenho produtivo de juvenis de tilápia-do-Nilo, mas a colina tem ação na utilização do lipídio hepático, evidenciada pela redução de inclusões lipídicas.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of methionine and choline on the productive performance and on the liver morphology of Nile tilapias. During 87 days, 160 Supreme strain fish, with average weight of 77±0.8 g, equally distributed in 16 tanks with 1,000 L each, were cultivated in a recirculating water system. The fish fed on pelleted diets three times a day until apparent satiation. Four diets with 33% crude protein and 3,000 kcal kg-1 digestible energy were used: control, without supplementation; supplemented with 3,000 mg kg-1 methionine; with 2,000 mg kg-1 choline; with 3,000 mg kg-1methionine and 2,000 mg kg-1 choline. No effects of methionine or choline supplements were observed on daily weight gain, feed conversion, fillet yield, hepatosomatic index and visceral fat. Fish fed on diets supplemented with choline and methionine had lower fat content in the fillets and reduction of lipidic inclusion in the hepatic tissue. Choline and methionine supplementation does not affect productive performance of Nile tilapia juvenile; however, choline has an important action for hepatic lipid utilization, as evidenced by the reduction of lipidic inclusions.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o nível de contaminação bacteriana e fúngica de canudos de refrigerantes e seus recipientes em 30 lanchonetes do Município de Ibiúna (SP), correlacionando com as condições de higiene, processos e métodos de desinfecção destes estabelecimentos. MÉTODOS: Foram colhidas três amostras por estabelecimento nas embalagens fechadas, em recipientes e swab em toda a superfície de contato. Foi aplicado um questionário a fim de avaliar: a empresa fornecedora dos canudos, higienização, freqüência e desinfecção, e foram efetuadas inspeções sanitárias nos estabelecimentos. Para as análises microbiológicas foi utilizada a técnica de lavagem superficial e semeadura em meios, para contagem de bactérias mesófilas. As amostras turvas foram semeadas em meios de cultura para: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, coliformes totais e/ou termotolerantes. RESULTADOS: Dentre os microorganismos isolados nas amostras dos canudos nos recipientes foi detectado Bacillus cereus em 36,6%, Enterococo spp. em 3,3%. O Bacillus cereus foi isolado em 46,6% nos swabs dos recipientes, e em 13,3%, Enterococos. Na análise de associação do nível de contaminação microbiana de canudos de refrigerantes e seus recipientes com as condições de higiene, os processos de higienização e a desinfecção dos estabelecimentos, não foi identifica significância estatística (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O Bacillus cereus foi o microorganismo que prevaleceu nas embalagens íntegras dos canudos, nos seus recipientes e no swab das superfícies. Não foi comprovada a associação de fatores de risco de contaminação bacteriana e fúngica.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the fungal and bacterial contamination level of drinking straws and their containers of thirty snack bars at the municipality of Ibiuna (SP, Brazil) and to correlate these data with conditions of hygiene and the processes and methods of disinfection of these establishments. METHODS: Three samples of closed packages, containers and contact surface swabs were collected in each establishment. A questionnaire was administered to identify the straws supplier, hygiene methods, frequency and disinfection. Sanitary inspections were also performed in these establishments. Microbiological analyses were done using the superficial washing technique and seeding plates to count mesophilic bacteria, mold and yeasts. Turbid samples were seeded in culture media for: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, total and/or thermotolerant coliforms. RESULTS: Microorganisms isolated from samples of drinking straws were Bacillus cereus 36.6%, Enterococcus spp and Molds/yeasts 3.3%. Swabs of containers revealed 46.6% of Bacillus cereus and 13.3% of Enterococcus. Association analyses of the microbial contamination level of drinking straws and their containers with conditions of hygiene, hygiene processes and disinfection of the establishments did not show statistical significance (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Bacillus cereus was the most prevalent microorganism in closed packages, containers and surface swabs. No statistical association of risk factors for bacterial or fungal contamination was found.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo aplicar um procedimento para diagnóstico e modelo de inspeção higiênico-sanitária em estabelecimentos varejistas de alimentos, no Município de Ibiúna, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, e analisar os resultados com vistas a atingir os objetivos da vigilância sanitária. O trabalho foi desenvolvido durante seis meses em 19 estabelecimentos varejistas de alimentos classificados como padarias, restaurantes e açougues, sendo que na primeira inspeção realizou-se o diagnóstico da situação, com a identificação das não conformidades e avaliação das condições higiênico-sanitárias dos estabelecimentos e foi obtida a pontuação média de 64. Após esta etapa iniciaram-se retornos programados aos estabelecimentos pela equipe da vigilância sanitária a fim de verificar a evolução das adequações sanitárias. No diagnóstico e em todos os retornos programados foi aplicado roteiro de inspeção e produção de relatórios detalhados destinados aos proprietários. Todos os manipuladores de alimentos dos estabelecimentos inspecionados foram capacitados em relação a conceitos básicos de higiene em alimentos. Os resultados mostraram que, após três retornos de inspeções em cada estabelecimento, 100% apresentaram-se como satisfatórios, com pontuação média de 90. O modelo de inspeção sanitária aplicado mostrou-se viável para a promoção da segurança alimentar.

The aim of this research was to apply a diagnostic procedure and a model of sanitary inspection in food establishments in the city of Ibiúna, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Results were analyzed in order to achieve sanitary surveillance goals. The work was developed during six months in 19 retail food establishments such as bakeries, restaurants, and butcheries. Firstly, the establishment situation was diagnosed; irregularities were verified according to hygienic-sanitary conditions. An average 64 points was obtained. The next step included new and frequent sanitary surveillance team visits to those establishments in order to verify their sanitary quality adequacies. Inspection guides were used and detailed reports were prepared for the establishment owners. Those who handled food were trained in basic food hygiene. Results indicate that after 3 inspection visits to each establishment, 100% of them presented satisfactory results with 90 point average. This sanitary inspection model is considered useful to promote food safety.

Uma das formas indiretas de previsão da potencialidade de uma determinada água natural formar subprodutos da desinfecção é mediante a avaliação do comportamento cinético do cloro livre na fase líquida e determinação de sua demanda para diferentes condições de operação do processo de cloração. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento cinético do cloro livre em meio aquoso para diferentes tipos de água bruta, bem como investigar o impacto do processo de coagulação na redução da demanda de cloro e na formação de subprodutos da desinfecção. Observou-se que, quanto maior for à remoção de carbono orgânico total (COT) pelo processo de coagulação menor será a demanda de cloro na fase líquida. A formação de THMs apresentou relação com a demanda de cloro, tendo sido esta da ordem de 28 mg/L para cada 1 mg Cl2/L de demanda de cloro observada.

One indirect approach to predict the disinfection by-product (DBP) formation potential for a given water source is by evaluation of the kinetic behavior of free chlorine in the liquid phase and chlorine demand determination for different operation conditions of the chlorination process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the kinetic behavior of free chlorine in water or a number of different raw water sources, as well as to investigate the impact of the coagulation process on chlorine demand reduction and DBP formation. It was observed that the higher the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency through coagulation, the lower the liquid phase chlorine demand. Regarding trihalomethane (THM) formation, a ratio of 28 ug/L formed per mg/L of applied chlorine was observed for the waters employed in the experimental investigation.

Um experimento foi realizado com os objetivos de avaliar as características de carcaça de cordeiras ½ Dorset Santa Inês e comparar o custo de produção e o retorno econômico de dois sistemas de terminação. Após o desmame, 44 cordeiras foram divididas em dois sistemas de terminação: confinamento - ração (4% PV) com 15,56% de PB e 4,32 Mcal de EB/kg MS; e pastagem + suplementação (1,5% de ração, com base no peso vivo), com 27,01% PB e 4,51 Mcal de EB/kg MS. Os custos da ração e do suplemento foram de R$0,39 e R$0,54, respectivamente. Os animais foram abatidos ao atingirem peso corporal médio de 30 kg. Os valores médios para os pesos da carcaça quente e fria foram de 14,33 e 14,11 kg e 13,91 e 13,6 kg, os rendimentos verdadeiros médios de 55,81 e 55,61% e os comerciais de 46,39 e 46,04%, respectivamente, para confinamento e pastagem + suplementação. As médias para condição corporal e índices de compacidade da carcaça e da perna das cordeiras terminadas em confinamento e pastagem + suplementação foram, respectivamente, de 3,03 e 2,96; 0,21 e 0,20 kg/cm e 0,43 e 0,44 cm/cm. As características idade ao abate, condição corporal, pesos da carcaça quente e fria, rendimentos verdadeiro e comercial da carcaça e índices de compacidade da carcaça e da perna não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Portanto, cordeiras ½ Dorset Santa Inês podem ser terminadas em confinamento ou em pastagem + suplementação, porém, considerando-se a análise econômica, recomenda-se a terminação em pastagem + suplementação.

The objectives of this trial were to evaluate carcass characteristics and production costs of ½ Dorset Santa Inês lambs finished at two finishing systems. Forty-four weaned ½ Dorset Santa Inês lambs were distributed to one of the following two finishing systems: 1) feedlot lambs were fed concentrate (4% BW) containing 15.56% CP and 4.32 Mcal GE/kg DM or 2) lambs were on pasture and received a supplement (1.5% BW) containing 27.01% CP and 4.51 Mcal GE/kg DM. Concentrate and supplement costs were R$ 0.39 and R$ 0.54, respectively. Animals were slaughtered when they reached, on average, 30 kg of BW. Mean values for hot and cold carcass weights were 14.33 and 14.11 kg and 13.91 and 13.6 kg for animals on feedlot and pasture plus supplementation system, respectively. Carcass and commercial carcass yields were 55.81 and 55.61% and 46.39 and 46.04% for animals on feedlot and pasture plus supplementation system, respectively. It was also observed, in this order, the following mean values for body condition score, and carcass and hindlimb compactness indexes: 3.03 and 2.96; 0.21 and 0.20 kg/cm; 0.43 and 0.44 cm/cm for animals on feedlot and pasture plus supplementation system, respectively. Slaughter age, body condition score, hot and cold carcass weights, carcass and commercial carcass yields, carcass and hindlimb compactness indexes all did not differ between treatments indicating that lambs can be finished either at feedlot or at pasture plus supplementation. However, according to the economical analysis is recommended the pasture plus supplementation finishing system.

Avaliou-se o desenvolvimento ponderal do nascimento ao desmame e o diâmetro e número de fibras musculares do músculo Semitendinosus de cordeiros filhos de ovelhas Santa Inês que receberam suplementação alimentar em diferentes períodos da gestação. Foram utilizadas 73 ovelhas Santa Inês (peso médio de 45,11 kg) cobertas com três reprodutores Dorset, distribuídas entre os seguintes tratamentos durante a gestação: controle - pastagem de capim-tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq.) e resíduo de mandioca durante toda a gestação; terço inicial - tratamento controle + suplementação do 1º ao 50º dia de gestação; terço médio (TM) - tratamento controle + suplementação do 50º ao 100º dia de gestação; e terço final (TF) - tratamento controle + suplementação do 100º dia de gestação até parição. Os nascimentos ocorreram no período de 23 de novembro de 2003 a 03 de janeiro de 2004. Os tratamentos não influenciaram o peso dos cordeiros ao nascimento (PCN), aos 30 dias de idade (PC30) e ao desmame (PC60) e o ganho médio diário do nascimento ao desmame (GMD 0-60), cujos valores médios foram de 4,02; 9,19; 16,40 e 0,21 kg/dia, respectivamente. O tipo de parto influenciou o PCN, PC30, PC60 e o GMD 0-60. Não houve diferença no diâmetro das fibras musculares ao nascimento (média de 11,61 µm) e ao desmame (27,65 µm). O valor médio do número de fibras no músculo Semitendinosus foi de 1.454.185, o peso do músculo de 21,04 g e o comprimento de 8,43 cm, sendo semelhantes entre os períodos de suplementação. Não se justifica a suplementação de ovelhas nos diferentes períodos da gestação quando mantidas em pastagens de capim-tanzânia recebendo resíduo de fécula de mandioca no cocho.

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the body weight change as well as the diameters and numbers of muscular fibers of the Semitendinosus muscle of lambs from birth until weaning that were born from Santa Inês ewes supplemented at different stages of gestation. Seventy-three Santa Inês ewes averaging 45.11 kg of body weight (BW) that were bred with three Dorset rams were randomly assigned to the following treatments during pregnancy: 1) control (CO): tanzaniagrass pasture (Panicum maximum Jacq.) plus cassava by product during the entire gestation; 2) initial third (IT) - CO plus supplementation from the 1st to 50th day of gestation; 3) medium third (MT) - CO plus supplementation from the 50th to 100th day of gestation; 4) final third (FT) - CO plus supplementation from the 100th day of gestation to birth. The birth season occurred from November 23/2003 to January 03/2004. Treatments did not affect the lambs BW at birth (BWB), at 30 days of age (BW30), and at weaning (BW60), which averaged 4.02, 9.19, 16.40 kg, respectively. The average daily weight gain from birth to weaning (ADG 0-60) also did not differ across treatments showing a mean value of 0.21 kg/day. The type of birth (single or twins) significantly affected the BWB, BW30, BW60, and ADG 0-60. No significant differences were observed in the diameters of muscular fibers at birth (11.61 mm) and at weaning (27.65 mm) comparing all treatments. The number of muscular fibers, weight, and length of the semitendinosus muscle averaged 1,454, 21.04 g, and 8.43 cm, respectively, and were all unaffected by the supplementation at different stages of pregnancy. It can be concluded that supplementing ewes during gestation is not recommended if animals are fed tanzaniagrass plus a cassava by-product (CO treatment).