Resumo As previsões climáticas para o Semiárido Brasileiro nesse século incluem aumento da temperatura do ar, redução das chuvas e aridização. As previsões alertam também para danos em sistemas humanos que já enfrentam uma infinidade de outras ameaças, requerendo que a vulnerabilidade nesses sistemas seja melhor identificada, para contribuir na gestão da convivência e adaptação às mudanças climáticas. A pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar vulnerabilidades municipais no estado do Ceará e identificar potenciais Tecnologias Sociais (TS) para redução da vulnerabilidade climática. Para tanto, utilizou-se do índice Municipal de Alerta, período 2010 a 2020 e informações sobre TS disponíveis, seguindo um percurso metodológico com quatro etapas. Os resultados mostraram que os municípios cearenses se distribuem em três classes de vulnerabilidade: Classe (1) com 10 municípios em expansão; Classe (2) com 15 municípios em retração e; Classe (3) com 159 municípios sem alteração significativa. As TS instaladas no Ceará totalizam 375.708 unidades de 17 tipos com destaque para o Tanque de Pedra e a Cisterna 16 mil litros, com 61% e 26% das unidades, respectivamente. Para melhorar os resultados de convivência e de enfrentamento às mudanças climáticas é necessário levar em conta a aderência entre número/tipo das TS com as demandas locais.

Abstract Climate forecasts for the Brazilian semiarid region in this century include increased temperature, reduced rainfall and aridification. The forecasts also warn of damage to human systems that already face an infinity of other threats, requiring that the vulnerability in these systems be better identified, to contribute to the management of coexistence and adaptation to climate change. The research aimed to analyze municipal vulnerabilities in the state of Ceará and identify potential Social Technologies (TS) to reduce climate vulnerability. For that, we used the Municipal Alert Index, period 2010 to 2020 and information about available TS, following a methodological route with four steps. The results showed that Ceará's municipalities are distributed into three vulnerability classes: Class (1) with 10 expanding municipalities; Class (2) with 15 municipalities in retraction and; Class (3) with 159 municipalities without significant change. The TS installed in Ceará total 375,708 units of 17 types, with emphasis on the Stone Tank and the 16,000-liter Cisterna with 61% and 26% of the units, respectively. In order to improve the results of living together and facing climate change, it is necessary to take into account the adherence between the number/type of TS and local demands.

Abstract Turner syndrome (TS) is characterized by a set of clinical conditions, including autoimmune/inflammatory diseases and infectious conditions, that can compromise a patient’s quality of life. Here we assessed polymorphisms in CTLA-4 +49A/G (rs231775), PTPN22 +1858G/A (rs2476601), and MBL2 -550 (H/L) (rs11003125), -221(X/Y) (rs7096206) and exon 1 (A/O) in women from northeastern Brazil to determine whether polymorphisms within these key immune response genes confer differential susceptibility to clinical conditions in TS. A case-control genetic association study was performed, including 86 female TS patients and 179 healthy women. An association was observed for the A/G genotype of CTLA-4 +49A/G in TS patients (p=0.043, odds ratio [OR]=0.54). In addition, an association between the CTLA-4 G/G genotype and obesity was detected in TS patients (p=0.02, OR=6.04). Regarding, the -550(H/L) polymorphism in the MBL2 promoter, the frequency of the H/L genotype was significantly higher in the TS group than healthy controls (p=0.01, OR=1.96). The H/H genotype indicated a protective effect in TS patients (p=0.01, OR=0.23). No differences were observed in the distribution of -221(X/Y), MBL2 exon 1 variants, and PTPN22 +1858G/A in any assessed groups. CTLA-4 variants are potentially involved in obesity in this cohort of TS patients from northeastern Brazil.

RESUMO: Considerando a possibilidade de ser empregada como alternativa racional na terapia com fluidos, avaliaram-se os efeitos de uma nova solução eletrolítica intravenosa, desenvolvida para uso veterinário, sobre os equilíbrios eletrolítico e ácido base de equinos. Oito equinos adultos sadios, quatro machos e quatro fêmeas, foram submetidos a dois tratamentos em delineamento cross-over: solução salina isotônica (SI) e solução teste (ST), composta por 145mEq de Na+, 5mEq de K+, 4mEq de Ca++, 2mEq de Mg++, 96mEq de Cl-, 60mEq de lactato, 50g de dextrose e 4mg de cianocobalamina por litro. As soluções foram administradas por via intravenosa, em volume correspondente a 5% do peso corporal, durante três horas de infusão contínua. Amostras de sangue venoso foram colhidas em cinco momentos, antes e após a infusão (0, 3, 6, 9 e 24h), para determinações de pHv, pCO2v, HCO3 -v, BEv, Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca++, Ca, P, Mg, glicose e lactato L, e para cálculo de AG e SID. Os resultados foram analisados por análise de variância de medidas repetidas. Enquanto a SI gerou efeito acidificante discreto, com elevação da cloremia e redução da SID plasmática, a ST causou hipocloremia discreta e transitória e não interferiu com o equilíbrio ácido base. A hiperglicemia, presente ao final da infusão da ST, reverteu-se seis horas após. Os equinos não manifestaram alterações clínicas. Conclui-se que a ST é uma alternativa para a terapia com fluidos em equinos.

ABSTRACT: The effects of a new intravenous electrolyte solution for veterinary therapy on electrolyte and acid-base balances of horses were evaluated, assessing the potential of the use of this solution as a rational alternative in fluid therapy. Eight healthy adult horses, including 4 males and 4 females, received two treatments in a cross-over design: isotonic saline solution (IS) and a test solution (TS) containing 145mEq of Na+, 5mEq of K+, 4mEq of Ca++, 2mEq of Mg++, 96mEq of Cl-, 60mEq of lactate, 50g of dextrose, and 4mg of cyanocobalamin per liter. Solutions were IV infused in a volume corresponding to 5% of BW, over 3 hours. Venous blood samples were taken 5 times before and after the infusion (at 0, 3, 6, 9 e 24h), for pHv, pCO2v, HCO3 -v, BEv, Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca++, Ca, P, Mg, glucose and L-lactate measurements, and AG and SID calculations. The data were analyzed through repeated measures ANOVA. The IS caused mild acidifying effect by increasing Cl- and decreasing plasma SID. In contrast, the TS induced mild and transient hypochloremia without changes in acid-base balance. Hyperglycemia was present at the end of the TS infusion and reversed 6 hours later. The horses did not exhibit any clinical changes. We concluded that TS is an option for fluid therapy in horses.

This paper describes the identification of an outbreak of fowlpox in backyard chickens in two villages the state of Bahia, the intervention strategy to control the disease by adopting health measures and vaccination, as well as the impact of the intervention. The diagnosis was based in clinical and laboratory data. After the diagnosis was confirmed, control measures and the vaccination of non-infected birds were recommended. Finally, the impact of the intervention on re-incidence of the disease was evaluated. A number of 700 chickens was vaccinated, after which only 9% of the farmers reported the occurrence of new cases, and 70% informed the acquisition of new birds after vaccination. The information reported in this paper can be useful to design strategic plans to control fowlpox in backyard chickens.