Resumo Um macho de Pteronura brasiliensis (Carnivora: Mustelidae) foi encontrado morto às margens do Rio Negro, no Pantanal do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, município de Aquidauana. Dois carrapatos encontrados aderidos à sua pele foram identificados, morfologicamente, como uma ninfa de segundo ínstar de Ornithodoros rostratus (Argasidae) e um macho de Amblyomma sculptum (Ixodidae). Para complementar a identificação morfológica, esses espécimes de carrapatos foram submetidos à extração de DNA e testados por meio de ensaios de PCR, para confirmar a identidade molecular dos espécimes. Além disso, os extraídos dos carrapatos foram testados e revelaram-se negativos nos ensaios de PCR para todos os patógenos testados. Também foram examinados 30 lotes, compostos por 174 indivíduos de O. rostratus, depositados na Coleção Acari do Instituto Butantan, e encontramos material de quatro estados brasileiros, incluindo-se um lote contendo 2 machos e 2 fêmeas de Aquidauana, estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), coletado do solo. Este foi, portanto, o primeiro registro de O. rostratus parasitando P. brasiliensis e o primeiro registro de localidade (Aquidauana). Da mesma forma, A. sculptum é comumente encontrado no Pantanal e relatado aqui, pela segunda vez, parasitando a ariranha, hospedeiro pouco estudado em relação a ectoparasitas.

Abstract A male of Pteronura brasiliensis (Carnivora: Mustelidae) was found dead on the banks of the Rio Negro, in the Pantanal wetlands of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Aquidauana municipality. Two ticks found attached to its skin were morphologically identified as a second-instar nymph of Ornithodoros rostratus (Argasidae) and a male of Amblyomma sculptum (Ixodidae). In order to complement the morphological identification, these tick specimens were subjected to DNA extraction, and tested using PCR assays to confirm the molecular identity the specimens. Also, the tick DNA samples were tested and were negative in the PCR assays for all the pathogens tested. We also examined 30 batches, consisting of 174 individuals of O. rostratus deposited in the Acari Collection of the Butantan Institute, and we found material from four Brazilian states, including one batch containing 2 males and 2 females from Aquidauana, of Mato Grosso do Sul state, collected from the soil. This was therefore the first record of O. rostratus parasitizing P. brasiliensis and the first locality record (Aquidauana). Likewise, A. sculptum is commonly found in the Pantanal and is reported here for the second time parasitizing the giant otter, which is a host little studied regarding the ectoparasites.

Abstract Improving rural innovation processes requires optimizing the link between agricultural research and rural extension. Most of the authors who have studied this link have been concerned with highlighting the need for a synergetic integration between both components. However, those studies did not make explicit which are the key factors that facilitate this articulation along with the proposals to promote a harmonious and efficient link. The present work identifies and systematizes on the literature about the subject the key factors for a good link and the proposals and approaches for linking research and extension. For this, a systematic review of the literature in English, Spanish and Portuguese was performed. As results, on the one hand, two types of key factors were identified: contextual-institutional and subjective-relational; and, on the other hand, two types of proposals aimed at strengthening the bond were characterized: structural/formal mechanisms (or institutional arrangements) and operational or functional management measures. Finally, a discussion was generated on the principal characteristics of the factors and proposals identified, concluding towards limitations, questions and challenges for a better understanding of the link between agricultural research and rural extension. extension components However English performed results hand identified contextualinstitutional contextual subjectiverelational subjective relational subjective-relational characterized structuralformal structural formal arrangements measures Finally limitations

Resumen La mejora en los procesos de innovación rural requiere optimizar el vínculo entre la investigación agropecuaria y la extensión rural. La mayoría de los autores que han estudiado dicho vínculo se han ocupado de resaltar la necesidad de una integración sinérgica entre ambos componentes. Sin embargo, estos estudios no han explicitado cuáles son los factores claves que facilitan dicha articulación junto con las propuestas para promover un vínculo armónico y eficiente. El presente trabajo identifica y sistematiza en la literatura sobre el tema los factores claves para un buen vínculo y las propuestas y abordajes para la vinculación de la investigación y la extensión. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de bibliografía en inglés, español y portugués. Como resultados, por un lado, se identificaron dos tipos de factores claves: los contextuales-institucionales y los subjetivos-relacionales; y, por otro, se caracterizaron dos tipos de propuestas orientadas al fortalecimiento del vínculo: los mecanismos estructurales/formales (o arreglos institucionales) y las medidas de gestión operativas o funcionales. Por último, se generó una discusión sobre las características principales de los factores y propuestas identificadas, concluyendo hacia limitaciones, interrogantes y desafíos para una mayor comprensión sobre el vínculo entre la investigación agropecuaria y la extensión rural. componentes embargo eficiente ello inglés portugués resultados lado contextualesinstitucionales contextuales institucionales subjetivosrelacionales subjetivos relacionales subjetivos-relacionales otro estructuralesformales estructurales formales funcionales último identificadas limitaciones

ABSTRACT Overcoming malnutrition in all its forms, which is also manifested in the obesity epidemic, is one of the priorities of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals. This article presents reflections on food insecurity in Brazil, based on topics such as population growth, climate change, biodiversity and traditional and regenerative food systems; it also addresses the role of social initiatives to guarantee the Human Right to Adequate Food. The Nutrition and Poverty Research Group, Planetary Health - Brazil Group, and the Center for Artificial Intelligence (C4AI) - AgriBio Axis, assume that the organized and systemic resumption of the initiatives mentioned out in this position paper can contribute to the articulation between research, public policies and services, to combat all forms of malnutrition, as a complex and priority problem to ensure social welfare.

RESUMO O combate à má alimentação em todas as suas formas, que também se expressa na epidemia da obesidade, é uma das prioridades da Agenda 2030 e dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Este artigo traz elementos sobre insegurança alimentar no Brasil, a partir de temas relativos ao crescimento populacional, mudanças climáticas, biodiversidade e sistemas alimentares tradicionais e regenerativos; trata também do papel dos movimentos sociais para a garantia do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada. O Grupo de Pesquisa em Nutrição e Pobreza, o Saúde Planetária Brasil, e o Centro de Inteligência Artificial (C4AI) - Eixo AgriBio, entendem que a retomada organizada e sistêmica das frentes apontadas neste artigo de posicionamento, pode constituir um caminho para a articulação entre pesquisa, serviço e políticas públicas na direção do combate à fome e às demais manifestações da má alimentação, enquanto problema complexo prioritário para a garantia do bem-estar social.

Resumen La estabilidad de la población de tallos permite analizar las variaciones en las tasas de aparición, muerte y supervivencia, por lo que, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de la intensidad de cosecha (15 y 25 cm) en la estabilidad de la población de tallos de Urochloa híbrido Mulato II, Cayman y Mavuno. El estudio se realizó de marzo de 2020 a febrero de 2021 en Güémez, Tamaulipas, México. En praderas establecidas se delimitaron 18 parcelas experimentales de 3 x 3 m. En cada unidad experimental se colocaron dos áreas de 100 cm2 para seleccionar la población inicial de tallos y cada cuatro semanas contar los tallos muertos e hijuelos presentes. Se encontraron diferencias entre las intensidades y fechas de muestreo para las variables densidad de tallos, tasa de ahijamiento, e índice de estabilidad (p< 0.05). La intensidad de corte de 15 cm generó la mayor densidad de tallos con 2 545, 2 996 y 2 200 tallos m2 en Mulato II, Cayman y Mavuno, respectivamente, como resultado de tasas de ahijamiento mayores a 12% sin presentar diferencias en las tasas de muerte y porcentaje de sobrevivencia. La intensidad de corte de 15 cm promedió índices de estabilidad de 0.98 y 0.96 en Mulato II y Mavuno, mientras que, en Cayman se presentó estabilidad negativa (0.93). La intensidad de corte de 15 cm permitió mantener la estabilidad de la población de tallos de los híbridos Urochloa Mulato II y Mavuno a través del tiempo.

Abstract The stability of the stem population allows analyzing the variations in the rates of appearance, death and survival, so the objective of this research was to determine the effect of harvest intensity (15 and 25 cm) on the stability of the population of stems of hybrid Urochloa Mulato II, Cayman and Mavuno. The study was conducted from March 2020 to February 2021 in Güémez, Tamaulipas, Mexico. In established meadows, 18 experimental plots of 3 x 3 m were delimited. In each experimental unit, two areas of 100 cm2 were placed to select the initial population of stems and count the dead stems and tillers present every four weeks. Differences were found between the intensities and sampling dates for the variables stem density, tillering rate, and stability index (p< 0.05). The cutting intensity of 15 cm generated the highest density of stems with 2 545, 2 996 and 2 200 stems m2 in Mulato II, Cayman and Mavuno, respectively, as a result of tillering rates greater than 12% without showing differences in death rates and survival percentage. The cutting intensity of 15 cm averaged stability indices of 0.98 and 0.96 in Mulato II and Mavuno, while negative stability (0.93) occurred in Cayman. The cutting intensity of 15 cm allowed maintaining the stability of the population of stems of the Urochloa hybrids Mulato II and Mavuno over time.

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: El nacimiento por cesárea se encuentra en aumento en todo el mundo, con diferencias significativas entre regiones. El objetivo fue determinar la situación del porcentaje de cesárea en mujeres con parto en la provincia del Neuquén en 2000-2020, buscando diferencias entre subsectores, zonas sanitarias, localidades e instituciones de salud . MÉTODOS: Se analizaron las estadísticas del Sistema Informático Perinatal referentes a vía de parto, recién nacidos y mujeres con partos entre 2000 y 2020. Se realizó un análisis estratificado del porcentaje de cesáreas, describiendo medidas de tendencia central, de dispersión y velocidad promedio de incremento anual . RESULTADOS: Las características sociodemográficas de madres gestantes se han modificado, con un descenso del embarazo adolescente y un aumento de madres de más de 35 años. Se observó un mayor porcentaje de bajo peso al nacer en el subsector privado y una importante disminución de la tasa bruta de natalidad, con mayor descenso en el interior provincial. Se encontró un aumento sostenido, así como diferencias crecientes y muy significativas entre subsectores (y dentro de estos entre las distintas instituciones) . DISCUSIÓN: Existen diferencias muy significativas en los resultados si se comparan los diferentes subsectores e instituciones respecto al nacimiento por cesárea. Estos resultados son un aporte para la construcción de políticas acordes a la realidad epidemiológica de la provincia y de cada institución de salud.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Cesarean delivery is increasing all over the world, with significant differences between regions. The aim was to determine the cesarean section rate in women giving birth between 2000 and 2020 in Neuquén province, seeking for differences between sub-sectors, health zones, cities and health institutions . METHODS: Statistics from the Perinatal Information System were analyzed regarding type of delivery, newborns and women delivering between 2000 and 2020. A stratified analysis of the cesarean section rate was conducted, describing central tendency and dispersion measures, and the average annual rate of increase . RESULTS: Maternal sociodemographic characteristics have changed, with adolescent pregnancy decrease and a higher number of mothers older than 35 years of age. The percentage of low birth weight was higher in the private sub-sector, with a significant decrease of gross birth rate, mainly inside the province. There was a steady increase as well as growing and very significant differences between sub-sectors (and within them between the different institutions) . DISCUSSION: The results show very significant differences when comparing sub-sectors and institutions regarding cesarean birth, and contribute to building policies tailored to the epidemiological situation of the province and each health institution.

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: Durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 se reportaron casos de un síndrome de inflamación multisistémica similar a la enfermedad de Kawasaki con antecedente de infección reciente o contacto con casos de COVID-19, generando una relación temporal con dicha enfermedad (SIM-C). El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar los aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos de los casos de SIM-C en menores de 18 años. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo de casos de SIM-C en menores de 18 años asistidos entre marzo de 2020 y junio de 2022 en el sistema público de la provincia de Neuquén. RESULTADOS: Serie de casos: Se incluyó a 9 pacientes con SIM-C: 55,5% de sexo femenino, con una media de edad de 6,1 años. El 77,7% de los casos de COVID-19 fueron confirmados por nexo epidemiológico. Todos los pacientes presentaron fiebre previa a la internación, el 88,8% tuvo manifestaciones mucocutáneas y compromiso abdominal. Otras manifestaciones frecuentes fueron compromiso ocular y edema de manos. El 33,3% de los pacientes requirieron internación en unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos. Solo 1 necesitó asistencia respiratoria mecánica por 48 horas por shock. Todos los pacientes fueron tratados con inmunoglobulina intravenosa (IGIV) 2 g/kg, y 3 pacientes recibieron corticoterapia. No hubo fallecimientos ni complicaciones en el seguimiento. DISCUSIÓN: Aunque el pronóstico es favorable, se sugiere realizar estudios que monitoreen los efectos a largo plazo de SIM-C.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome similar to Kawasaki disease temporally associated with COVID-19 were reported, with a history of recent infection or contact with COVID-19 cases (MIS-C). The objective was to characterize the clinical and epidemiological aspects of MIS-C cases in children under 18 years of age. METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study of MIS-C cases was conducted, considering children under 18 years of age who received care between March 2020 and June 2022 in the public system of the province of Neuquén. RESULTS: Case series: 9 patients with MIS-C were included, with 55.5% female and a mean age of 6.1 years. Of the cases of COVID-19, 77.7% were confirmed by epidemiological link. All patients presented fever prior to admission, 88.8% had mucocutaneous manifestations and abdominal involvement. Other frequent manifestations were ocular involvement and hand edema. While 33.3% of the patients required admission to pediatric intensive care units, only 1 required assisted mechanical ventilation for 48 hours due to shock. All patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 2 g/kg, and 3 patients received corticosteroids. There were no deaths or complications during follow-up. DISCUSSION: Although the prognosis is favorable, it is recommended to carry out studies that monitor the long-term effects of MIS-C.

SUMMARY Forest Management with Integrated Livestock (MBGI, for its acronym in Spanish) is a technical proposal based on the management of forestry, livestock, forage and environmental components of a property articulated as a feasible farm plan. It requires a monitoring process of these different components within an adaptive management framework, and verification that planning meets the objectives of all dimensions of sustainability. It is necessary for the baseline characterization of the property, the determination of "Ecological Sites" (landscape units with similar types of soil, topography, hydrology, climate and vegetation, which are expected to respond in a similar way to disturbances and management) and their corresponding “Reference States” (condition of greater ecological integrity). The objective of this work is to generate a proposal for "expeditious sampling" of environmental/productive aspects of properties under MBGI. It aims at a holistic visualization of the key dynamics of Northern Patagonian forests and surrounding areas, allowing for their description, categorization and planning in less time compared to the currently available methodology.

RESUMEN El Manejo del Bosque con Ganadería Integrada (MBGI) es una propuesta técnica que se basa en el manejo de los componentes forestal, ganadero, forrajero y ambiental, articulada como un plan predial factible de implementar. Requiere un proceso de monitoreo de los distintos componentes en un marco de manejo adaptativo, verificando que la planificación cumpla con los objetivos en todas las dimensiones de la sustentabilidad. Es necesario para la caracterización de la línea de base del predio, la determinación de “Sitios Ecológicos” (unidades de paisaje con similares tipos de suelo, topografía, hidrología, clima y vegetación, que se espera que respondan de manera similar a disturbios y manejo) y sus correspondientes “Estados de Referencia” (condición de mayor integridad ecológica). El objetivo del presente trabajo es generar una propuesta de “muestreo expeditivo” de los aspectos ambientales/productivos para predios bajo MBGI. Apunta a una visualización holística de procesos clave de dinámicas de los bosques norpatagónicos y zonas aledañas, permitiendo en menor tiempo (en comparación con la metodología actualmente disponible) su descripción, categorización y planificación.

Abstract Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of temporary pacing with an active fixation lead placed trough the internal jugular vein and/or subclavian vein. Methods: We analyzed a consecutive series of 25 out of 73 patients that had a pacemaker extraction and were pacing dependent requiring temporary pacing with an active fixation lead until the new pacemaker implant, from 2017 to 2021. Results: After extraction 25 patients age 68 years ±16 years, required temporary pacing, the media for temporary pacing was 5 days. There were no mortality associated to temporary stimulation. Only one patient (4%) had a complication 4 days after the implant with capture fail due to a microdislogement requiring reintervention. Conclusion: Temporary stimulation through active fixation pacemaker lead it is safe and effective.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar seguridad y eficacia del marcapasos temporal mediante cable de fijación activa vía yugular y/o subclavia. Métodos: Se analizaron pacientes desde 2017 a 2021 postextracción de marcapasos dependientes de estimulación. Resultados: Se colocó estimulación temporal en 25 pacientes con una edad media de 68 ± 16 años. La media de duración de la estimulación temporal fue cinco días. No se registró mortalidad asociada a la estimulación temporal, sin embargo en un paciente se presentó desplazamiento de cable y falla de captura a los cuatro días de la colocación. Conclusiones: La estimulación temporal mediante cable de fijación activa es segura y eficaz.

Resumen Se desconoce el estatus sanitario de ganaderías que no están dentro del programa oficial de control de Brucelosis en la provincia del Azuay, pudiendo existir zonas con mayor frecuencia de rebaños seropositivos. Este trabajo pretende determinar la prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a brucelosis bovina en predios lecheros. Se llevó a cabo un estudio epidemiológico en 436 fincas, para lo cual se tomaron muestras de leche de productores en centros de acopio, camiones recolectores y hatos. Se usó una encuesta georeferenciada a fin de recopilar información del manejo de las ganaderías. La leche se analizó mediante ELISA-indirecto, 37 fincas resultaron seropositivas, obteniendo una prevalencia de 8,5%. Los porcentajes de seropositividad fueron: Cuenca (14,84%), Girón (23,07%), Nabón (8,21%), Oña (11,53%), San Fernando (33,33%), Sevilla de Oro (7,14%), Sigsig (4,16%). Se realizaron las pruebas Rosa de Bengala y ELISA-competitivo a bovinos que aportaron al pool de leche en 34 ganaderías, estableciéndose una concordancia del 100% de ELISA-indirecto para detectar fincas seronegativas. En el análisis de regresión logística se determinó una asociación significativa (P < 0;05) entre la seropositividad y factores como: ubicación geográfica, extensión de la finca, sistema de explotación, presencia de otras especies domésticas, eliminación de restos placentarios, sistema de reproducción, teniendo una mayor probabilidad de seropositividad las ganaderías que presentaron abortos (OR = 2;71), problemas de celo (OR = 2;09), nacimiento de terneros débiles (OR=3,24) y manejo extensivo (OR = 3;67). Estos hallazgos constituyen evidencia serológica que Brucella spp. circula en ganaderías de la zona.

Abstract The health of herds that are not within the official Brucellosis control program in the province of Azuay is unknown, and there may be areas with a higher frequency of seropositive herds. This paper aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis in dairy farms. An epidemiological study was carried out in 436 farms, for which milk samples were taken from producers in collection centers, collecting trucks and herds. A georeferenced survey was used to collect information on the management of the herds. The milk was analyzed by indirect-ELISA, and thirty-seven farms were seropositive, obtaining a prevalence of 8,5%. The percentages of seropositivity were: Cuenca (14.84%), Girón (23.07%), Nabón (8.21%), Oña (11.53%), San Fernando (33.33%), Sevilla de Oro (7.14%), Sigsig (4.16%). The Rose Bengal and competitive ELISA tests were performed on bovines that contributed to the milk pool in 34 herds, establishing a 100%concordance of indirect ELISA to detect seronegative farms. In the logistic regression analysis, a significant association (P < 0;05) was determined between seropositivity and factors such as: geographic location, extension of the farm, exploitation system, presence of other domestic species, elimination of placental remains, reproduction system, having a higher probability of seropositivity in herds that presented abortions (OR = 2;71), estrus problems (OR = 2;09), birth of weak calves (OR = 3;24) and extensive management (OR = 3;67). These findings constitute serological evidence that Brucella spp. circulates in farms in the area.

ABSTRACT We describe a 60-year-old woman with post-myocardial infarction (MI) ventricular septal defect (VSD) and cardiogenic shock who was successfully stabilized with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) as a bridge therapy for the surgical closure of her VSD. This case highlights the role of VA-ECMO in the management of post-MI VSD to improve the results of surgical repair and patient survival.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar la tendencia temporal de la mortalidad y los años de vida perdidos por muerte o ajustados por discapacidad (AVAD) de hombres por accidentes de motocicleta en América Latina y el Caribe en el período 2010-2019, a partir de las estimaciones del estudio de la carga mundial de enfermedades (CME). Métodos. En este estudio ecológico se analizaron las series temporales mediante el modelo de regresión lineal segmentada (joinpoint), con cálculo y comprobación del cambio porcentual anual y del cambio porcentual anual promedio, con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados. La región de América Latina y el Caribe definida por el estudio de la CME ocupó el primer lugar a nivel mundial en mortalidad y AVAD de motociclistas varones de 15 a 49 años en el 2019. Las tasas tuvieron un notable aumento del 2010 al 2013, y ambas registraron una reducción importante después de ese período. En la década analizada, la subregión de América Latina Tropical (Brasil y Paraguay) presentó las mayores tasas de mortalidad y de AVAD en la población de estudio, pero fue la única con una reducción importante de las mismas. La subregión del Caribe (Antigua y Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belice, Bermudas, Cuba, Dominica, Granada, Guyana, Haití, Islas Vírgenes de Estados Unidos, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, República Dominicana, Saint Kits y Nevis, San Vicente y las Granadinas, Santa Lucía, Suriname, y Trinidad y Tabago) mostró un aumento importante de ambas tasas, mientras que América Latina Andina (Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú) y América Latina Central (Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá y Venezuela) se mantuvieron estables. Conclusiones. Los datos refuerzan la importancia de las actividades de vigilancia destinadas a prevenir los accidentes de motocicleta, puesto que la reducción observada de las tasas aún es insuficiente para abordar la morbimortalidad por accidentes de tráfico como problema de salud pública.

ABSTRACT Objective. To identify the temporal trend in mortality and years of life lost to death or disability (DALY) due to motorcycle accidents in males from Latin America and the Caribbean from 2010 to 2019, using estimates produced by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Method. In this ecological study, the time series was analyzed using a piecewise linear regression model (joinpoint) to estimate and test the annual percent change and the average annual percent change with a 95% confidence interval. Results. The super-region defined by GBD 2019 as Latin America and the Caribbean ranked first globally in mortality and DALY for male motorcyclists aged 15-49 in 2019. Rates increased significantly from 2010 to 2013, with a significant reduction in both after this period. During the analyzed decade, the Tropical Latin America sub-region (Brazil and Paraguay) had the highest mortality and DALY rates in the population of interest; nevertheless, this was the only sub-region achieving a significant reduction in these rates. The Caribbean sub-region (Bermuda, Dominica, Suriname, Guyana, Belize, Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Saint Kitts and Nevis, U.S. Virgin Islands, Grenada, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba e Jamaica) showed a significant increase in both rates over the same period, while Andean Latin America (Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru) and Central Latin America (Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Honduras, and Venezuela) remained stable. Conclusions. The data underscore the importance of developing surveillance actions aimed at preventing motorcycle accidents, since the observed declining rates are still insufficient to address the morbidity and mortality associated with road accidents as a public health problem.

RESUMO Objetivo. Identificar a tendência temporal da mortalidade e dos anos de vida perdidos por morte ou incapacidade (DALY) de homens por acidente motociclístico na América Latina e Caribe no período de 2010 a 2019, utilizando estimativas do estudo Global Burden of Disease (GBD). Métodos. Este estudo ecológico analisou a série temporal pelo modelo de regressão linear segmentada (joinpoint), estimando-se e testando-se a variação percentual anual e a variação percentual anual média, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados. A grande região da América Latina e Caribe definida pelo GBD ocupou o primeiro lugar global em mortalidade e DALY de motociclistas homens de 15 a 49 anos em 2019. As taxas aumentaram significativamente de 2010 a 2013, havendo redução significativa de ambas após esse período. Durante a década analisada, a sub-região da América Latina Tropical (Brasil e Paraguai) apresentou as maiores taxas de mortalidade e DALY na população em estudo, porém foi a única com redução significativa das mesmas; a sub-região do Caribe (Bermudas, Dominica, Suriname, Guiana, Belize, Bahamas, Porto Rico, Santa Lúcia, República Dominicana, Haiti, São Cristóvão e Névis, Ilhas Virgens/EUA, Granada, Trinidad e Tobago, Barbados, São Vicente e Granadinas, Antígua e Barbuda, Cuba e Jamaica) apresentou aumento significativo de ambas as taxas, enquanto América Latina Andina (Equador, Bolívia e Peru) e América Latina Central (Colômbia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, México, Nicarágua, Panamá, Honduras e Venezuela) permaneceram estáveis. Conclusões. Os dados reforçam a importância das ações de vigilância destinadas à prevenção de acidentes motociclísticos, uma vez que os resultados de queda nas taxas ainda são insuficientes frente à morbimortalidade no trânsito como problema de saúde pública.

ABSTRACT Apparent calcium (Ca) retention and digestibility coefficients are affected by limestone particle size in the diet of laying hens. This study aimed to determine the apparent retention and digestibility coefficients of Ca in limestone of different particle sizes in laying hens. The study comprised 288 Lohmann Brown laying hens (50 weeks of age; 1,964 ± 98 g) distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement [three Ca concentrations (10, 20, and 30 g kg–1) × two limestone particle sizes (480 and 1,978 µm)] with eight repetitions per treatment and six birds per experimental unit. The experiment included five days for adaptation and five days for total excreta collection. All birds were slaughtered at the end of the ten days to collect the ileal contents. The total or ileal Ca content was plotted against the Ca of diets concentration using linear regression analysis. The regression line slope represented the apparent retention (CaR) and digestibility coefficients of Ca (CaD) in limestone. There was interaction between Ca concentration in the diet and limestone granulometry on CaD (p = 0.001) and CaR (p < 0.001). The CaD and CaR of fine- and coarse-grained limestone increased linearly with increasing Ca concentrations in the diet. The apparent digestibility coefficients estimated for laying hens fed with fine-grained and coarse-grained limestone were 0.72 and 0.35, respectively. The apparent retention coefficients estimated for laying hens fed fine-grained and coarse-grained limestone were 0.96 and 0.47, respectively.

RESUMO Este relatório tem como objetivo apresentar o trabalho realizado sobre o delineamento, publicação e impacto das atualizações para intervenções em COVID-19 baseadas em evidências, que visam fornecer sínteses de evidências atualizadas provenientes de revisões sistemáticas vivas sobre intervenções terapêuticas para apoiar a tomada de decisões. Para isso, foi criado um grupo de trabalho específico no âmbito da Comissão Nacional de Avaliação de Tecnologias de Saúde (CONETEC, na sigla em espanhol), do Ministério da Saúde da Argentina, em parceria com a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS). Foi desenhada uma metodologia para a elaboração e publicação de documentos de avaliação destinados a apoiar a tomada de decisões. Esses relatórios de atualização se basearam na exploração de três domínios: efeitos na saúde, viabilidade da implementação e recomendações baseadas em evidências. As conclusões foram adaptadas a uma escala semafórica de acordo com o equilíbrio entre os benefícios e os aspectos negativos para os diferentes cenários clínicos, de forma a melhorar a sua interpretação e aplicação. Durante o ano de 2021, foram publicados 16 relatórios de síntese de evidências (13 originais e 3 atualizações completas), que receberam um número significativo de consultas no site da CONETEC e da Base Regional de Informes de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde das Américas (BRISA). Assim, tornou-se visível a necessidade de contar com resumos de evidências robustos, atualizados e confiáveis adaptados ao contexto de aplicação no sistema de saúde do país. A atualização constante das informações, sua divulgação adequada e a manutenção do rigor na elaboração dos relatórios também apresentam desafios.

ABSTRACT This report presents the work done on the design, publication, and impact of updates on evidence-based COVID-19 interventions, in order to support decision-making with updated evidence syntheses based on living systematic reviews of therapeutic interventions. To this end, a specific working group was created within the National Commission for Health Technology Assessment (CONETEC) of the Ministry of Health of Argentina, in collaboration with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). A methodology was designed to develop and publish assessment documents aimed at supporting decision-making. These update reports were based on the exploration of three areas: health effects, feasibility of implementation, and evidence-based recommendations. A color-coded system was used to present the conclusions according to the balance between their positive and negative effects in different clinical scenarios, in order to improve their interpretation and implementation. In 2021, 16 evidence synthesis reports were published (13 original reports and three full updates). These were downloaded many times from the CONETEC website and the Regional Database of Health Technology Assessment Reports of the Americas (BRISA), highlighting the need for robust, up-to-date, reliable evidence summaries adapted for implementation in the country's health system. Other challenges include constant updating of information, appropriate dissemination, and sustained rigorous preparation of the reports.

RESUMEN Este informe tiene por objetivo exponer el trabajo realizado sobre el diseño, la publicación y el impacto de las actualizaciones para intervenciones en COVID-19 basadas en la evidencia, para brindar síntesis de evidencia actualizadas a partir de revisiones sistemáticas vivas sobre intervenciones terapéuticas para dar soporte en la toma de decisiones. Para ello, se generó un grupo específico de trabajo en el ámbito de la Comisión Nacional de Evaluación de Tecnologías de Salud (CONETEC) en el Ministerio de Salud de Argentina en colaboración con la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Se diseñó una metodología para elaborar y publicar documentos de evaluación orientados a dar apoyo en la toma de decisiones. Estos informes de actualización se respaldaron en la exploración de tres dominios: los efectos en la salud, la factibilidad de la implementación y las recomendaciones basadas en evidencia. Las conclusiones se adaptaron en un esquema semaforizado según el balance entre los beneficios y los aspectos negativos para los distintos escenarios clínicos, a fin de mejorar su interpretación y aplicación. Durante el año 2021 se publicaron 16 informes de síntesis de evidencia (13 originales y 3 actualizaciones completas) que recibieron un destacado número consultas desde la página web de CONETEC y la Base Regional de Informes de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud de las Américas (BRISA). Así se hizo visible la necesidad de disponer de resúmenes de evidencia robustos, actualizados y confiables con adaptación al contexto de aplicación en el sistema sanitario del país. El desafío se presenta, además, en la actualización constante de la información, la diseminación apropiada y el sostenimiento en la rigurosidad en el desarrollo de los informes.

ABSTRACT. The objective was to evaluate fertility, cyclicality behavior, and sexual performance of Pantaneiro sheep throughout the year’s photoperiods in Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment one, the ewes used aged between 2 and 4 years, distributed in three homogeneous groups of 54 animals and subjected to reproductive evaluation in three different predefined luminosity periods, consisting of autumn (11h 45 min.), spring (12h 30 min.), and summer (12h 55 min.). The characteristics studied were body weight (BW), body condition score (BCC), estrus distribution (EST), percentage of pregnant females per cycle (%P), plasma progesterone (PP), and fertility (F) in the three predefined seasons. The mating system used was controlled natural nocturnal and lasted for 45 days. Experiment two, evaluated the ram sexual activity. The males (10) were individually exposed to four ovariectomized ewes. The ewes cycled during evaluated seasons, and the highest fertility was observed in animals with BCC >2.75. The PP concentration differed among periods, and higher conception rates (F) were observed in autumn and spring. The rams (75%) had a medium of sexual performance when they performed more than two ejaculations in 20 min throughout the seasons. Pantaneiro sheep of both genders had a similar fertility index, with early and constant activity throughout the year, displaying no photoperiodism or seasonality.