ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute pelvic inflammatory disease is a common entity in young women of reproductive age and it is a leading cause of infertility. The search for an effective and safe anti-inflammatory treatment that relieves pain, avoids complications and sequels, it is priority for its treatment. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment with Proctokinasa® in acute pelvic inflammatory disease grades I and II. Materials and methods: An open, controlled clinical trial was carried out from January 2017 to January 2018 which included 76 patients diagnosed with acute pelvic inflammatory disease in primary health care; they were randomize assigned to two treatment groups: Proctokinasa® main group, who received one unity/8h for 2 days, and the Piroxican group, 1 suppository of 20 mg/24h per 7 days. The recommended oral antibiotic therapy was started simultaneously. Clinical and ultrasound response to treatment were evaluated. Adverse events were evaluated. Results: Clinical response was stated after 72 hours of treatment inmore than 50% of the patients in both groups, and it was 100% for the Proctokinasa® group in the last two evaluations (days 10 and 15). Remission of ultrasound alterations was evident in 96.9% of the Proctokinasa® group. Adverse events were few and mild. Conclusions: The use of Proctokinasa® was effective and safe in the treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease grades I and II.

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica aguda es una entidad frecuente en mujeres jóvenes en edad reproductiva, y constituye la causa principal de infertilidad. La búsqueda de un tratamiento antiinflamatorio eficaz y seguro que alivie el dolor, evite complicaciones y secuelas, es una prioridad para su tratamiento. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del tratamiento con Proctokinasa® en la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica aguda grados I y II. Materiales y métodos: Se desarrolló un ensayo clínico, controlado, abierto, de enero de 2017 a enero de 2018, que incluyó 76 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica aguda en la atención primaria de salud, quienes fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a dos grupos de tratamiento: grupo principal Proctokinasa®, que recibió una unidad/8 h por 2 días, y el grupo Piroxicam, un supositorio de 20 mg/24 h por 7 días. La antibioticoterapia oral recomendada se inició simultáneamente. Se evaluó la respuesta clínica y ecográfica al tratamiento. Los eventos adversos fueron evaluados. Resultados: Se constató respuesta clínica a partir de las 72 horas de tratamiento en más del 50 % de las pacientes en ambos grupos, y fue del 100 % de los casos para el grupo Proctokinasa® en las dos últimas evaluaciones realizadas (días 10 y 15). Se evidenció la remisión de las alteraciones ecográficas en el 96,9 % del grupo Proctokinasa®. Los eventos adversos fueron escasos y leves. Conclusiones: El empleo de Proctokinasa® resultó eficaz y seguro en el tratamiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica aguda grados I y II.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the quality of activities for the detection of breast cancer in the Strengthening Program for Medical Care in Tabasco in 2016. Materials and Method: A descriptive and retrospective research was carried out, through a documentary analysis using an ad hoc instrument, composed of (46 items) to evaluate the structure, processes and results, when executing the preventive activities of the Breast Cancer Program, included in the Strengthening Program to Medical Attention, operated by 13 Mobile Medical Units, in three municipalities of Tabasco during 2016. Results: In the structure was relevant the reduction in financing to operate the 13 Units, which contributed to the deterioration of activities, and although the number of operational personnel reached 84.62%, it lacked certified training on breast cancer; in the processes, the situational diagnosis was insufficient in 53.8%; the clinical breast examinations reached 25.69% of compliance in the target population, 19% in the teaching of clinical breast self-examination and the preparation of official records in 30.8% and in the results, user satisfaction was low (30.77%) and the impact of the program was not evaluated because it was not carried out in the period studied. Conclusions: The reduction in financing was considered as one of the main factors in the deterioration of the activities that for the detection of breast cancer, were carried out in the 13 Mobile Medical Units assigned to the Strengthening of Medical Care Program, which contributed to its low quality.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de las actividades para la detección de cáncer de mama en el Programa Fortalecimiento a la Atención Médica en Tabasco en 2016. Hace falta mencionar para evaluarla estructura, procesos y resultados. Material y método: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y retrospectiva, mediante un análisis documental utilizando un instrumento ad hoc, compuesto por (46 items) para evaluarla estructura, procesos y resultados, al ejecutarlas actividades preventivas del Programa de Cáncer de Mama, incluidas en el Programa Fortalecimiento a la Atención Médica, operadas por13 Unidades Médicas Móviles, en tres municipios de Tabasco durante el año 2016. Resultados: Destacaron en la estructura, la reducción del financiamiento para operar las 13 UMM lo que contribuyó al deterioro de las actividades y aunque la dotación de personal operativo alcanzó 84.62%, carecía de capacitación certificada sobre cáncer de mama; en los procesos, el diagnóstico situacional era insuficiente en 53.8%; las exploraciones clínicas mamarias alcanzaron 25.69% de cumplimiento en la población blanco, 19% en la enseñanza de la autoexploración clínica mamaria y la confección de los registros oficiales en 30.8% fue baja la satisfacción del usuario (30.77%) y no se evaluó el impacto del programa por no realizarse en el período estudiado. Conclusiones: La reducción del financiamiento se consideró como uno de los principales factores en el deterioro de las actividades que para la detección del cáncer mama, se realizaron en las 13 Unidades Médicas Móviles adscritas al Programa Fortalecimiento a la Atención Médica, lo que contribuyó a su baja calidad.

Resumen: Se llevó a cabo un análisis de los manuscritos publicados en la literatura científica sobre el síndrome compartimental para la evaluación de un paciente con síndrome compartimental e identificación de la presentación clínica y las bases necesarias para instaurar el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno. Es escasa la bibliografía reciente menor de cinco años que describa las características del síndrome compartimental, el cual puede ser provocado por múltiples etiologías, de las cuales los traumatismos son la más frecuente, además de las quemaduras, fracturas, contusiones, coagulopatías, edema postisquémico o yesos muy apretados. Se realizó una revisión de estudios elegidos, entre los cuales fueron seleccionados aquellos con mayor contenido académico. Se analizaron cada uno de los estudios seleccionados y se identificaron los datos que podrían incluirse en cada uno de los subtemas del artículo de revisión. El síndrome compartimental agudo corresponde a una emergencia quirúrgica que en caso de no establecer una intervención precoz, la probabilidad de secuelas irreversibles se incrementa notablemente. En el síndrome compartimental existe aumento de la presión intersticial en los compartimentos del cuerpo que compromete la adecuada perfusión de los tejidos blandos, derivado de un proceso isquémico que presenta como manifestaciones clínicas dolor súbito intenso, palidez, ausencia de pulsos, parestesia y parálisis, lo cual acompañado de una anamnesis dirigida integra el diagnóstico junto al examen físico. Corresponde a una urgencia quirúrgica la descompresión del espacio muscular afectado, por lo que requiere detección oportuna y tratamiento precoz para evitar secuelas y complicaciones graves.

Abstract: Perform an analysis of the papers published in the scientific literature on compartment syndrome for the evaluation of patients with compartment syndrome and to identify the clinical presentation and necessary bases to establish the diagnosis and opportune treatment. There is almost no recent bibliography than almost less than five years old that describes the characteristics of compartment syndrome, which can be caused by multiple etiologies, which trauma is the most frequent, in addition to burns, fractures, contusions, coagulopathies, post-ischemic edema or very tight casts. Some studies were chosen and subjected to review and those with the highest academic content were selected. Each of the selected studies was analyzed and the data that could be included in each of the subtopics of the review article were identified. Acute compartment syndrome implies to a surgical emergency that, in case of not establishing an early intervention, the probability of irreversible sequelae increases remarkably. In acute compartment syndrome, there is an increase in interstitial pressure in the body compartments, compromising the adequate perfusion of the soft tissues derived from an ischemic process, presenting as clinical manifestations sudden intense pain, pallor, absence of pulses, paresthesia and paralysis, which accompanied by a directed anamnesis integrates the diagnosis together with the physical examination. Decompression of the affected muscle space, which requires a quick detection and early treatment to avoid sequelae and serious complications.

Abstract Dogs can be infected by Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum, for which they function, respectively, as intermediate, and definitive hosts. In the present study seroprevalence against T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies, were determined by indirect fluorescent antibody test (cut off of 16 and 50, respectively), in dogs that were treated at public veterinary hospitals in the metropolitan region of São Paulo and risk factors were identified. Out of the 1,194 samples 125 (10.5%; 95% CI: 8.8-12.3%) were positive for T. gondii and 9 (0.75%, 95% CI: 0.34-1.4%) for N. caninum. For T. gondii, statistical differences were observed between the proportions of positive dogs and different zones of the municipality (p = 0.025), and age (p = 0.02), higher among older dogs. The keepers were invited to answer an epidemiological questionnaire to analyze risk factors, and 471 (39.4%) agreed to be interviewed, and among their dogs 65 (13.8%) were T. gondii seropositive. Age group above 8 years (OR = 3.63; 95% CI: 1.08-12.23) was a risk factor and having a defined breed (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.25-0.96) was a protective factor for T. gondii infection. Because of the low number of dogs positive for N. caninum, risk factors for this coccidium were not determined.

Resumo Cães podem ser infectados por Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum, os quais funcionam, respectivamente, como hospedeiros intermediários e definitivos. Neste estudo, a soroprevalência contra anticorpos anti-T. gondii e N. caninum foi determinada pelo teste de imunofluorescência indireta (ponto de corte de 16 e 50, respectivamente), em cães atendidos em hospitais públicos veterinários da região metropolitana de São Paulo e fatores de risco foram identificados. Das 1.194 amostras, 125 (10,5%; IC 95%: 8,8-12,3%) foram positivas para T. gondii e 9 (0,75%, IC 95%: 0,34-1,4%) para N. caninum. Para T. gondii foram observadas diferenças entre as proporções de cães positivos e diferentes zonas do município (p = 0,025) e idade (p = 0,02), prevalência maior entre os mais velhos. Os tutores foram convidados a responder um questionário epidemiológico para análise de fatores de risco, e 471 (39,4%) concordaram em ser entrevistados, destes 65 cães (13,8%) eram soropositivos para T. gondii. Faixa etária acima de 8 anos (OR = 3,63; IC 95%: 1,08-12,23) foi fator de risco e raça definida (OR = 0,49; IC 95%: 0,25-0,96) foi fator de proteção para a infecção por T. gondii. Devido ao baixo número de positivos para anticorpos anti-N. caninum, fatores de risco para este coccídio não foram determinados.

Abstract The Pyroligneous extract is a product from the combustion of plant biomass with applications in the fields of health, industrial chemistry, and agriculture. The discovery of new molecules with therapeutic potential and of natural origin continues to be one of the great challenges for research centres around the world. The following work aims to analyze, through a technological prospection, the use of pyroligneous extracts for therapeutic purposes. To carry out the study, searches were carried out in documents deposited in Brazil, Europe, and the United States and searched on platforms specialized in patents. The number of inventions using pyroligneous extract with therapeutic applications is still quite small, however, innovations have been observed for the treatment of diseases of great clinical relevance such as cancer and hypertension. The systematic mapping of innovations is of great importance for the development of new technologies. health chemistry agriculture world analyze prospection purposes study Brazil Europe patents small however hypertension technologies

Abstract Copper (Cu) is a micronutrient necessary for plant development, as it is included in the structure of enzymatic compounds and activators. However, at high soil concentrations it can become toxic to plant metabolism. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and tolerance of Ilex paraguariensis seedlings grown in copper contaminated soil. The study was conducted in a greenhouse of the Department of Forestry Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Frederico Westphalen, RS, between March and September 2018. The seedlings of Ilex paraguariensis used in the experiment were acquired from a nursery located in the municipality of Arvorezinha, RS. The treatments applied were five doses of Cu (0 - control, without addition of copper; 100; 200; 300 and 400 mg Kg-1 of soil). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 10 replications, each repetition being one plant per pot. After exposure to different treatments under soil cultivation at 150 days, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, root, stem and leaf dry mass and tolerance index were evaluated. The results showed that the copper doses reduced the seedlings height and stem diameter. The dry mass of all collected partitions showed reduction from the use of 200 mg kg-1 of soil. The plants submitted to higher Cu (400 mg kg-1 soil) showed a reduction in leaf area of 64.7% in relation to the control. The species Ilex paraguariensis presented a tolerance index higher than 60% up to 300 mg kg-1 Cu.

Resumo O cobre (Cu) é um micronutriente necessário ao desenvolvimento das plantas, pois está incluído na estrutura de compostos enzimáticos e ativadores. Contudo, em altas concentrações no solo pode se tornar tóxico ao metabolismo vegetal. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e tolerância de mudas de Ilex paraguariensis cultivadas em solo contaminado com cobre. O estudo foi conduzido em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus de Frederico Westphalen, RS, entre os meses de março e setembro de 2018. As mudas de Ilex paraguariensis utilizadas no experimento foram adquiridas de um viveiro localizado no município de Arvorezinha, RS. Os tratamentos aplicados foram cinco doses de Cu (0 - controle, sem adição de cobre; 100; 200; 300 e 400 mg Kg-1 de solo). O experimento foi implantado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 10 repetições, sendo cada repetição uma planta por vaso. Após a exposição aos diferentes tratamentos, sob cultivo em solo aos 150 dias, avaliou-se a altura de planta, diâmetro do caule, área foliar, massa seca de raiz, caule e folhas e índice de tolerância. Os resultados evidenciaram que as doses de cobre reduziram a altura e diâmetro de caule das mudas. A massa seca de todas as partições coletadas mostrou redução a partir da utilização de 200 mg kg-1 de solo. As plantas submetidas a maior dose de Cu (400 mg kg-1 de solo) apresentaram redução na área foliar de 64,7% em relação à testemunha. A espécie Ilex paraguariensis apresentou o índice de tolerância superior a 60% até a dose de 300 mg kg-1 de Cu.

ABSTRACT The emergence of the global COVID-19 pandemic proved to be a trigger to show the strengths and weaknesses of health systems around the world, including that of Mexico. It has been an opportunity to recognize the effectiveness of strategies designed to develop universal health coverage. The objective of this communication is to present some comments on health personnel and their performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. The content is presented in a sequence that covers the health system, the population to be served, the beginning of the pandemic and the performance of health personnel.

RESUMEN La aparición de la pandemia mundial de COVID-19 resultó ser un detonante para mostrar las fortalezas y debilidades de los sistemas de salud en todo el mundo, incluido el de México. Ha sido una oportunidad para reconocer la eficacia de las estrategias diseñadas para desarrollar la cobertura universal de salud. El objetivo de esta comunicación es exponer algunos comentarios sobre el personal de salud y su desempeño durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en México. El contenido se expone en una secuencia que abarca el sistema de salud, la población a atender, el inicio de la pandemia y el desempeño del personal de salud.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Villa Clara is the oldest province in the country, since middle-aged adults occupy a high percentage of its population. During this stage of life, although some physiological changes are due to individuals' genetic and biological factors, it is also important to consider the influence of lifestyle, experienced in the current quality of life in middle-aged adults, which can be improved with physical activity. Objective: to design a multimedia, at the Faculty of Health Technology and Nursing in the University of Medical Sciences of Villa Clara, as an educational and instructive tool to improve the quality of life in middle-aged adults. Methods: a technological innovation study was carried out from September 2018 to September 2019. The universe of study consisted of 397 teachers, who constituted the total number of full-time teachers; the sample was 40 teachers. Those who were not in the age range corresponding to middle-aged adults were considered as an exclusion criterion. Age, weight, height, gender, physical exercises, non-communicable chronic diseases and type of diet were among the variables studied. Theoretical, empirical and mathematical-statistical methods were used. Results: the final product provided benefits, since middle-aged adults were motivated towards the development of skills and abilities, allowing them to make correct decisions in order to improve their quality of life. Conclusions: educational multimedia is a novel and motivating way to influence the quality of life in middle-aged adults.

RESUMEN Introducción: Villa Clara es la provincia más envejecida del país, pues el adulto medio ocupa un alto porciento dentro de su población. Durante esta etapa de la vida, si bien algunos cambios fisiológicos se deben a factores genéticos y biológicos personales, también es importante considerar la influencia del modo de vida, experimentado en la actual calidad de vida del adulto medio, que puede ser mejorada con la actividad física. Objetivos: Diseñar una multimedia como herramienta educativa e instructiva para mejorar la calidad de vida del adulto medio, en la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud-Enfermería, de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo innovación tecnológica en el período de septiembre de 2018 a septiembre de 2019. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por 397 profesores, que constituyen el total de docentes a tiempo completo; la muestra fue de 40 profesores. Como criterio de exclusión se consideró a los que no estaban ubicados en el rango de edad correspondiente con el adulto medio. Las variables fueron: edad, peso, talla, sexo, ejercicios físicos, enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y tipo de alimentación. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y de nivel matemático-estadístico. Resultados: El producto final proporcionó beneficios, pues con él se motivó al adulto medio hacia el desarrollo de habilidades y capacidades que le permitan tomar decisiones correctas para elevar la calidad de vida. Conclusiones: La multimedia educativa constituye una vía novedosa y motivadora para influir en la calidad de vida del adulto medio.

ABSTRACT Soil CO2 emissions are formed from biotic and abiotic processes related to organic carbon (SOC) and inorganic carbon (SIC), respectively. Calcareous soil has a high amount of SIC and occurs mainly in arid areas, and little is known about CO2 emissions from aggregates of this soil. This study aims to evaluate the emission of CO2 of aggregates from calcareous soil in the Comarca Lagunera, Mexico. Soil samples were taken from the layers of 0.00-0.15 and 0.15-0.30 m, and soil physical and chemical properties were determined. Aggregates distribution was obtained using the dry-sieving method. Macro (0.25–0.149 mm), meso (0.149–0.074 mm) and microaggregates (<0.074 mm) were selected for incubation in a dynamic closed system for 30 days under two moisture contents (15 and 30 %, dry weight basis). The CO2 emissions were quantified using a non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). From total carbon measured, 97 % were found to be SIC. Soil texture is a sandy clay loam with a field capacity and a permanent wilting point of 27 and 17 %, respectively. From whole soil aggregates, 60 % were distributed in fractions lower than 0.25 mm diameter, which are highly erodible by the wind. Soil moisture content had a significant effect on the emission of CO2. The highest accumulated CO2 emission was registered in the superficial layer (0.00-0.15 m) within 0.25 mm aggregates (29.4 g m-2 h-1), which turned out higher than reported for similar areas. The CO2 emissions were attributed to the dissolution - reprecipitation process of high concentrations of SIC present in soil, involving a considerable contribution of CO2 to the atmosphere.

ABSTRACT Background: In recent years, the prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections has increased in different regions of the world. The American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommends standardized identification criteria, reinforcing the need for faster and less complicated clinical and laboratory techniques. Methods: In this retrospective study, NTM species isolated from pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and disseminated samples from patients treated at a TB/HIV reference unit in the State of Amazonas from 2011 to 2014 were identified through a combination of molecular techniques. Results: To identify the molecular technique, 50 cryopreserved NTM cultures were recovered and subcultivated in culture medium. The potentially pathogenic NTM species identified were M. avium, M. intracellulare, M. kansasii, M. chelonae, M. abscessus, M. fortuitum, and M. peregrinum. Results of GenoType® showed moderate agreement with those of genomic sequencing (kappa = 0.60), whereas the results obtained by the PRA-hsp65 technique disagreed with the results obtained by sequencing (kappa = 0.49). Conclusions: Our findings highlight that GenoType CM is a good method for the identification of NTM, as well as the need for the application of standardized criteria, such as those set forth by the ATS.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar na literatura os efeitos psicossociais do isolamento e do distanciamento social adotados como estratégia para prevenção e controle das infecções por coronavírus. Métodos: Revisão integrativa fundamentada no referencial teórico proposto por Whittemore e Knafl e executada em sete recursos informacionais: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, IBECS e BDENF. A amostra foi constituída por 14 estudos primários, sem delimitação temporal ou de idioma e a análise foi realizada de forma descritiva. Utilizou-se a classificação do nível de evidência para caracterização das produções. Resultados: As repercussões psicossociais decorrentes das medidas de isolamento e distanciamento social foram frequentes em diferentes países, indicando impactos negativos na saúde mental e na qualidade de vida. Os comprometimentos psicológicos foram expressos por instabilidades de humor, níveis elevados de ansiedade, situação de estresse, frustração, solidão, raiva e alteração de padrão de sono. Fatores associados à duração prolongada da medida, às possibilidades de contágio, às instabilidades econômicas, ao desconhecimento e às incertezas que permeiam a doença foram determinantes para o grau de sofrimento psíquico. Conclusão: As medidas de distanciamento e isolamento social apesar de contribuírem para o controle epidemiológico em surtos, epidemias e pandemia por coronavírus, geraram comprometimentos na saúde mental da população, em que a duração da medida, as possibilidades de contágio, o medo e as instabilidades financeiras foram determinantes para o grau de sofrimento psíquico.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the literature regarding the psychosocial effects of isolation and social distancing measures adopted as strategy for the prevention and control of coronavirus infections. Methods: Integrative review of the literature based on the theoretical framework proposed by Whittemore and Knafl and conducted on seven databases: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, IBECS and BDENF. The sample consisted of 14 primary studies, with no time or language restriction and the analysis was descriptive. The level of evidence classification was used to characterize the studies. Results: Psychosocial repercussions of isolation and social distancing measures were frequent in different countries, with a negative impact on mental health and quality of life. Psychological impairments included mood instability, high levels of anxiety, stress, frustration, loneliness, anger and altered sleep patterns. Factors related to the prolonged duration of the measure, possibilities of contagion, economic instability, lack of knowledge and the uncertainties related to the disease were associated with psychological distress. Conclusion: Isolation and social distancing measures contribute to the epidemiological control of outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics of coronavirus; however, they compromise the population's mental health. The duration of the measure, the possibilities of contagion, fear and financial instability were determining factors for the degree of psychological distress.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar en la literatura los efectos psicosociales del aislamiento y del distanciamiento social adoptados como estrategia de prevención y control de las infecciones por coronavirus. Métodos: Revisión integradora fundamentada en el marco referencial teórico propuesto por Whittemore y Knafl y ejecutada en siete recursos informativos: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, IBECS y BDENF. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 14 estudios primarios, sin delimitación temporal ni de idioma, y el análisis se realizó de forma descriptiva. Se utilizó la clasificación del nivel de evidencia para la caracterización de las producciones. Resultados: Las repercusiones psicosociales resultantes de las medidas de aislamiento y distanciamiento social fueron frecuentes en diferentes países e indicaron impactos negativos en la salud mental y en la calidad de vida. Las consecuencias psicológicas expresadas fueron humor inestable, niveles elevados de ansiedad, situación de estrés, frustración, soledad, enojo y cambios en el patrón de sueño. Factores asociados a la duración prolongada de la medida, a las posibilidades de contagio, a la inestabilidad económica, al desconocimiento y a la incertidumbre que provoca la enfermedad fueron determinantes para el nivel de sufrimiento psíquico. Conclusión: Las medidas de distanciamiento y aislamiento social, a pesar de contribuir con el control epidemiológico en brotes, epidemias y pandemia por coronavirus, generan consecuencias en la salud mental de la población; y la duración prolongada de la medida, las posibilidades de contagio, el miedo y la inestabilidad económica fueron determinantes para el nivel de sufrimiento psíquico.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência da transmissão vertical de Neospora caninum em ovelhas naturalmente infectadas e monitorar a cinética de anticorpos para esse protozoário nos cordeiros. Portanto, foram selecionadas 48 matrizes prenhes, provenientes de cinco propriedades, e estas foram divididas em dois grupos: G1- 19 matrizes positivas para anticorpos anti-N. caninum antes da prenhez; e G2 – 29 matrizes soronegativas. Foram realizadas colheitas sanguíneas nas mães e cordeiros, no G1 e G2, imediatamente após a parição, antes da ingestão do colostro. Também foi possível realizar colheitas de sangue com 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 e 56 dias após o nascimento. A pesquisa de anticorpos séricos foi realizada por meio da Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI). Das 19 matrizes soropositivas, seis (31,6%) pariram cordeiros soropositivos antes da ingestão do colostro, os quais mantiveram-se positivos até o final do experimento (56 dias). Apenas um dos cordeiros, filho de uma ovelha com título de anticorpos 200, soroconverteu após ingestão do colostro. Todos os cordeiros, filhos de mães negativas, mantiveram-se negativos durante todo o período experimental. Conclui-se que a transmissão transplacentária é uma importante forma de difusão do N. caninum nos rebanhos estudados e que os descendentes infectados, durante a gestação, mantiveram anticorpos circulantes durante o período analisado.

Abstract Aimed with this study to evaluate vertical transmission of Neospora caninum in naturally infected sheep and to monitor the kinetics of antibodies against this protozoon in their lambs. Therefore, 48 pregnant ewes, from five herds, were divided into two groups: G1 - positive for anti-N. caninum antibodies, with 19 animals; and G2 - seronegative, with 29 animals. Blood samples were taken from the ewes and their lambs, immediately after birth, before ingesting colostrum, and 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days after birth. Analysis on serum antibodies was performed using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Among the 19 seropositive mothers, six (31.6%) gave birth to lambs seropositive before ingesting colostrum and it was found that these lambs remained positive until the end of the study (56 days). Only one of the lambs, from a ewe that presented an antibody titer of 200, seroconverted after ingestion of colostrum. All the lambs that had been born from negative mothers remained negative throughout the experimental period. It was concluded that transplacental transmission was an important form of diffusion of N. caninum in the herds studied and that seropositive lambs maintained circulating antibodies during the period analyzed.

Resumo: Este trabalho foi realizado a partir da avaliação do estado de conservação da ictiofauna de água doce do Estado da Bahia. Os dados de inventário e distribuição das espécies foram obtidos a partir da literatura científica especializada e de coleções ictiológicas representativas. Um total de 281 espécies nativas foi registrado no Estado da Bahia, distribuídas nas ecorregiões de água doce Mata Atlântica Nordeste (NMA) e São Francisco (SFR). A riqueza de espécies foi maior na NMA (187 spp.), composta por diversas bacias costeiras, do que na SFR (134 spp.), composta pela bacia do rio São Francisco. Das 30 famílias registradas, as mais representativas foram Characidae e Rivulidae, com 53 e 48 espécies, respectivamente. O estado de conservação de 214 espécies foi avaliado e 33 (15%) destas foram classificadas em alguma categoria de ameaça da IUCN. Destas, 11 foram classificadas como vulneráveis (VU), 12 em perigo (EN) e 10 criticamente em perigo (CR). A maioria das espécies ameaçadas (n = 14) pertence à família Rivulidae. O elevado número de espécies ameaçadas na NMA: (n = 23) está associado ao alto endemismo das espécies com distribuição restrita e aos impactos da ocupação humana ao longo da região costeira. Na SFR, a maioria das espécies ameaçadas é de peixes anuais, que estão localmente desaparecendo devido à degradação crescente de seus habitats temporários.

Abstract: This work was carried out from the assessment of the conservation status of the freshwater ichthyofauna from Bahia State. The inventory data and species distribution were obtained from the specialized scientific literature and representative ichthyological collections. A total of 281 native species was recorded in Bahia State, distributed in the Northeastern Mata Atlantica (NMA) and São Francisco (SFR) freshwater ecoregions. There was a larger number of species in the NMA (187 spp.), composed by several coastal basins, than in the SFR (134 spp.), composed by São Francisco river basin. Among the 30 families recorded, Characidae and Rivulidae were the most representative, with 53 and 48 species, respectively. The conservation status of 214 species was assessed and 33 of them (15%) were included in the IUCN threat categories. Of these, 11 species were classified as vulnerable (VU), 12 as endangered (EN), and 10 as critically endangered (CR). Most threatened species (n = 14) belongs to the family Rivulidae. The larger number of threatened species in the NMA: (n = 23) is mainly related to the high endemism of restricted-range species associated with the human occupation impacts along the coastal regions. In the SFR, most of threatened species are annual killifishes, which are locally disappearing due to increasing degradation of their temporary habitats.

Abstract Euterpe edulis is an endemic species of the Atlantic Forest that is threatened by the unsustainable exploitation of palm heart. Fruit management is an alternative to overcome this problem, promoting income generation, preserving the trees in forest remnants and motivating the implementation of farms for commercial production. In this study, the genetic diversity and structure of four natural populations of E. edulis were evaluated using microsatellite markers and six morphological fruit traits, analyzed with and without the REML/BLUP method. The longitudinal diameter had the strongest influence on the differentiation of genotypes. The genetic differentiation among populations was low and inbreeding was detected within populations among sites. Molecular and morphological data indicated high genetic diversity in the E. edulis populations. The REML/BLUP analysis increased the accuracy of morphology-based estimates of genetic diversity, thus contributing to improve breeding strategies for fruit quality and genetic conservation by use in E. edulis.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dengue is a problem that affects more than 100 countries and threatens half of the world population. Besides biological factors, the evolution of patients is influenced upon by social factors such as the qualification of the health personnel. Objective: Describe the degree of knowledge and acceptance by managers and professionals from the health system for the care of dengue patients. Methods: A qualitative operational study was conducted in the provinces of Havana, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos and Santiago de Cuba in the period 2014-2017. A questionnaire was applied to assess acquaintance with the Cuban Guides for the Care of Dengue Patients, and group discussions were performed to gather criteria about organizational aspects. Results: Most respondents were aware of the main aspects required for the appropriate clinical management of patients and to prevent their death, though varying levels of information were observed. Medical professionals obtained higher scores than non-medical staff. Conclusions: Most Health System professionals consider that implementation of patient care actions during epidemics is appropriate and these are performed in a satisfactory manner. They have the indispensable knowledge required to adequately manage patients.

RESUMEN Introducción: El dengue es un problema que afecta a más de 100 países y pone en situación de riesgo a la mitad de la población mundial. En la evolución de los pacientes, además de los factores biológicos, influyen factores sociales entre los cuales se encuentra la calificación del personal de salud. Objetivo: describir el grado de conocimiento y aceptación que tienen directivos y profesionales del sistema de salud para la atención a enfermos de dengue. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación operativa de tipo cualitativa, en las provincias La Habana, Ciego de Ávila, Cienfuegos y Santiago de Cuba en el período 2014-2017. Se aplicó cuestionario de conocimientos con respecto a las Guías Cubanas para la Atención a Enfermos de Dengue, y se realizaron discusiones grupales para conocer criterios acerca de los aspectos organizativos. Resultados: La mayoría de los encuestados dominó los aspectos fundamentales necesarios para el manejo clínico adecuado de los pacientes y evitar su muerte, aunque existieron diferentes niveles de conocimiento. Los profesionales médicos obtuvieron mayor puntuación que los no médicos. Conclusiones: La apreciación general de los profesionales del Sistema de Salud es que la organización para la atención a pacientes durante epidemias de dengue es correcta y se ejecuta de manera satisfactoria. Ellos tienen los conocimientos indispensables para manejar adecuadamente a los pacientes.