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1.
First reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in owned dogs in Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Silva Filho, A.P.
; Kmetiuk, L.B.
; Bicalho, G.C.
; Castillo, A.P.
; Soares, L.F.
; Vasconcelos, P.
; Santos, A.P.S.
; Carvalho, O.V.
; Reis, J. K. P.
; Silveira, J.A.G.
; Araujo, R. N.
; Aguiar, R.S.
; Brandespim, D. F.
; Pettan-Brewer, C.
; Biondo, A.W.
; Barbosa, D.S.
.
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
- Métricas do periódico
2.
Deoxinivalenol deactivation in wheat grains treated with ammonia gas and its effect on Rattus norvegicus diet
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Pasqualotto, C.V.
; Bastiani, C.M.
; Zoldan, I.
; Motta, A.C.
; Costa, M.M.
; Santos, L.R.
; Rodrigues, L.B.
; Facco, G.
; Pilotto, F.
.
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
- Métricas do periódico
ABSTRACT Fusarium head blight, also known as fusariosis, is caused by a fungus called Fusarium graminearum that produces the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). This toxin causes problems to human and animal health. Ammonia gas has been shown to be effective in deactivating mycotoxins. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of ammonia gas in the deactivation of DON in wheat grains, the effect of this treatment on its protein composition and the toxicity in rats fed with ammoniated wheat grains. Wheat samples were exposed to ammonia gas at concentrations of 0% (Control), 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. It was observed that ammonia gas was effective in deactivating DON at concentrations of 1% and 1.5%. There was no difference in crude protein observed in the bromatological analysis of treated wheat grains in relation to the control. Regarding the toxicity of wheat grains treated with ammonia in the feeding of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), no histopathological alterations were observed in the liver, kidneys, intestine and in the hematological profile. The results of this study demonstrated that the treatment of wheat with ammonia gas can contribute to the deactivation of DON without compromising its protein composition and animal health.
RESUMO A giberela, também conhecida como fusariose, é causada por um fungo chamado Fusarium graminearum, que produz a micotoxina desoxinivalenol (DON). Essa toxina gera problemas à saúde humana e animal. O gás amônia demonstrou ser eficaz na desativação das micotoxinas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a eficácia do gás amônia na desativação do DON em grãos de trigo contaminados naturalmente, o efeito desse tratamento na sua composição proteica e a toxicidade em ratos alimentados com os grãos de trigo amonizados. Amostras de trigo foram expostas ao gás amônia nas concentrações de 0% (controle), 0,5%, 1% e 1,5%. Observou-se que o gás amônia foi eficaz na desativação do DON na concentração de 1% e 1,5%. Não houve diferença na proteína bruta observada na análise bromatológica dos grãos de trigo tratados em relação ao controle. Quanto à toxicidade dos grãos de trigo tratados com amônia fornecidos aos ratos Wistar (Rattus norvegicus), não foram observadas alterações histopatológicas do fígado, dos rins e do intestino e no perfil hematológico. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que o tratamento de trigo com gás amônia pode contribuir na desativação do DON sem comprometer sua composição proteíca e a saúde dos animais.
3.
FRUIT AND SEED MORPHOLOGY, AND GERMINATION OF Quesnelia quesneliana (BRONGNIART) L.B. SMITH
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CARVALHO, MATHEUS SILVA
; FREITAS, AGNALDO ROBERTO DE JESUS
; PINHEIRO, DANIEL TEIXEIRA
; DIAS, DENISE CUNHA FERNANDES DOS SANTOS
.
RESUMO Bromélia Quesnelia quesneliana (Brongniart) L.B. Smith foi relatada na Mata Atlântica, Floresta Úmida, Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Mesofílica, Manguezais e Restingas nos estados do sudeste brasileiro do Rio de Janeiro e Espírito Santo, mas informações sobre a morfologia de frutos e sementes e germinação são limitadas. O objetivo neste estudo foi caracterizar a morfologia externa dos frutos e sementes, germinação e estádios pós-seminais de Q. quesneliana. Os frutos foram coletados na área da Restinga, município de Armação dos Búzios, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A largura e o comprimento dos frutos e sementes (morfologia externa) foram medidos e o desenvolvimento pós-seminal das sementes foi analisado, como também elaboradas ilustrações botânicas. Foram calculados os índices t50, uniformidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação e coeficiente de velocidade de germinação. A germinação foi avaliada por 20 dias por meio da contagem de indivíduos para obtenção dos estágios pós-seminais. Os frutos maduros da Q. quesneliana são piriformes, de cor marrom-avermelhada, manchas claras, com 26 mm de comprimento e 10 mm de largura na porção mais dilatada, contendo em média 148 sementes, envolvidas por mucilagem transparente. As sementes possuem comprimentos de 2 mm e 1 mm de largura, com germinação do tipo epígea e com plântulas do tipo criptocotiledôneas. As sementes dessa espécie germinam rápido e não possuem dormência.
ABSTRACT Bromeliad Quesnelia quesneliana (Brongniart) L.B. Smith has been reported in the Atlantic Forest, Rainforest, Mesophilic Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, Mangroves and Restingas in the Brazilian southeastern states of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo, but information about their fruit and seed morphology, and germination is limited. The aim of this study was to characterize the external morphology of fruit and seeds, germination rate and post-seminal stages of Q. quesneliana. Fruits were collected from Restinga area in the Armação dos Búzios city, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The width and length of fruit and seeds (external morphology) were measured, the post-seminal development of the seeds was analyzed and botanical illustrations were made. The indexes t50, uniformity of germination, mean germination time and germination speed coefficient were also calculated. Germination was assessed for 20 days by counting individuals to obtain the post-seminal stages. Ripe Q. quesneliana fruits are pyriform, reddish-brown in color, with light spots, 26 mm long and 10 mm wide, with an average of 148 seeds per fruit and wrapped in a transparent mucilage. The seeds are 2 mm long and 1 mm wide, with epigeal germination, and its seedlings are cryptocotyledonary. The seeds of this species germinate quickly and have no dormancy.
4.
Creatinine and purine derivatives excretion and microbial synthesis in lambs fed rain tree pod meal
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Sousa, L.B.
; Pereira, M.L.A.
; Silva, H.G.O.
; Silva, L.S.
; Santos, E.J.
; Pereira, T.C.J.
; Correia, G.S.
; Sousa, L.B.
; Pereira, C.A.R.
.
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
- Métricas do periódico
RESUMO Avaliaram-se os níveis de farinha de vagem de Samanea saman (0, 10, 15, 20 e 25%) em substituição ao milho na matéria seca da dieta sobre o consumo de MS, PB e EM, a excreção urinária de creatinina e de derivados de purina totais e a síntese de proteína microbiana em cordeiros. Foram utilizados 25 cordeiros Bergamácia, não castrados, peso corporal inicial de 24±5kg e idade média de 120 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. O experimento durou 84 dias e as coletas de urina spot e de 24h foram realizadas no último dia do experimento. O consumo não foi afetado (P>0,05), o volume de urina e a excreção diária de creatinina foram influenciados (P<0,05) por S. Saman substituindo o milho, observando-se efeito linear crescente e variação cúbica (P<0,05), respectivamente. Os componentes cúbicos e quadráticos foram significativos (P<0,05) para a excreção de derivados de purina totais, purinas absorvidas e síntese microbiana. A variação cúbica, com picos em 5% e 18% de substituição para a excreção urinária de creatinina e de derivados de purina, indica que os níveis utilizados de S. saman afetaram a atividade renal de cordeiros. Substituição do milho por farelo de vagem de S. saman até 10% aumenta a eficiência de síntese de proteína bruta microbiana.
ABSTRACT Evaluated the levels of rain tree (Samanea saman) pod meal (RTPM) (0, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) replacing maize in the dry matter of the diet on intake of DM, CP and ME, creatinine and total purine derivatives excretion in urine and microbial protein synthesis in lambs. Twenty-five uncastrated Bergamasca lambs were used, with an initial body weight of 24±5kg and an average age of 120 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and five replications. The trial lasted 84 days and the 24h and spot urine collections were performed in the last day of the experiment. The intake was not affected (P>0.05), the urine volume and daily creatinine excretion were influenced (P<0.05) by RTPM replacing maize, observing increasing linear effect and cubic variation (P<0.05), respectively. The cubic and quadratic components were significant (P<0.05) for the excretion of total purine derivatives, absorbed purines, and microbial synthesis. The cubic variation, with peaks at 5% and 18% replacement for urinary excretion of creatinine and purine derivatives, indicates that the levels used of RTPM affected the renal activity of lambs. Substitution of maize by RTPM up to 10% enhances efficiency of rumen microbial crude protein synthesis.
5.
Effect of the seed coating with biomass of Dunaliella salina on early plant growth and in the secondary metabolites content of Coriandrum sativum
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FONSECA, YASMIN B.T.
; ALMEIDA, NICOLE M.
; CALDAS, JAMILE C.
; MORAIS, GABRIEL N.
; SILVA, ISAAC M.J.
; RIATTO, VALÉRIA B.
; SANTOS, WALTER N.L.
; MOUTINHO, FERNANDO L.B.
.
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
- Métricas do periódico
Abstract The environmental and health risks associated with the application of synthetic chemical inputs in agriculture increased the demand for technologies that allow higher performance and quality of vegetable crops by implementing synergistic materials with the principles of sustainability. In this work, the seed coating with the biomass of Dunaliella salina incorporated in a bioplastic film of Manihot esculenta (cassava) was evaluated as an initial growth and secondary compounds stimulator of Coriandrum sativum (coriander) plants. The obtained results demonstrated that the coating stimulated an increase in the germination percentage (28.75%) and also in concentration of bioactive compounds, such as the six-fold increment of caffeic acid (13.33 mg 100 g-1). The carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins present in the microalgae biomass seem to be responsible for these increments once they are known for providing energy to the seedling development and coordinating the secondary metabolites synthesis. As conclusion, we consider the coating with biomass of D. salina an alternative for crop improvement that contributes to the development of sustainable agricultural practices.
6.
Inappropriate screening of obstructive coronary artery disease during pre-anesthesia assessment of candidates for non-cardiac surgery
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Oliveira, A.C.C.
; Santos, L.A. dos
; Silva, L.B. da
; Lopes, J.R.P.
; Schwingel, P.A.
; Correia, L.C.L.
.
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
- Métricas do periódico
Preoperative evaluation in elective surgeries has been associated with successful surgical treatment. However, there is no solid scientific evidence that screening for coronary artery disease (CAD) reduces surgical risk. The aims of this study were to describe the frequency of inappropriate investigation of obstructive CAD induced by pre-anesthetic assessment in individuals without cardiovascular symptoms (candidates for low- to intermediate-risk surgeries) and to evaluate predictors of this conduct. We performed a retrospective evaluation of medical records of anesthesiology services from patients undergoing pre-anesthesia assessment between May 2015 and May 2016, including those with functional capacity ≥4 metabolic equivalents without a diagnosis of heart disease. A total of 778 medical records (47±16 years of age, 62.6% female) were studied. A private hospital performed 50.1% of the surgeries and 60.4% were of intermediate risk. Only 2.7% (95%CI: 1.7-4.1%) were screened for CAD, and 91% of these requests were mediated by cardiology consultations performed during pre-anesthetic testing visits. Factors associated with screening for CAD were hypertension, diabetes, moderate systemic disease (ASA III), cardiac consultation, previous diagnosis of CAD, and admission to a private hospital. Independent predictors were private hospitals (OR: 3.9; 95%CI: 1.3-11.0), ASA III (OR: 5.3; 95%CI: 1.7-16.2), and hypertension (OR: 3.8; 95%CI: 1.5-9.8). The frequency of inappropriate requests for CAD screening in asymptomatic individuals without untreated systemic diseases was low in pre-anesthetic visits. Although infrequent, screening for CAD is more common in the private setting, in patients with poorer health status, and is usually prescribed during cardiology consultation.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x202010466
574 downloads
7.
Proteomic analysis of the venom of the social wasp Apoica pallens (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
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Mendonça, Angélica
; Bernardi Marchiotti, Rafaella C.
; Firmino, Ellen L.B.
; Santos, Pollyanna P.
; Sguarizi Antonio, Denise
; Serrão, José E.
; Cardoso, Claudia A.L.
; Antonialli Junior, William F.
.
ABSTRACT Wasps are a diverse group of insects that possess a sting apparatus associated with a venom gland, which is used for predation and colony defense. The biochemistry of Hymenoptera venom has been evaluated in relation to allergy and immunology, and proteomics has been shown to be a powerful tool for the identification of compounds with pharmacological potential. Data on wasps venom the of genus Apoica are scarce, so the objective of the present work was to identify the venom proteins of the eusocial wasp Apoica pallens, as a first step towards further investigation of applied uses of the venom and its protein constituents. The venom proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 259 spots were detected, with molecular weights from 4.9 to 141 kDa. Thirty of these proteins were identified and classified into eight functional categories: allergen, enzyme, metabolism, structural, environmental response, proteoglycan, active in DNA and RNA, and unknown function. Due to the few available proteomic data for wasp venom, many proteins could not be identified, which makes studies with proteomic analysis of Hymenoptera venom even more important.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2019.10.001
465 downloads
8.
Eco-epidemiological study on sandflies and environmental aspects related to the transmission of leishmaniasis in a municipality of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2015-2016
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Gomes, L.B.
; Dias, E.S.
; Silva, S.C.P.F.
; Carvalho, P.C.F.B.
; Santos, A.G.R.C.
; .Michalsky, E
; Lara-Silva, F.O.
; Souza, A.G.M.
; Fortes-Dias, C.L.
; Morais, M.H.F.
; Nicolino, R.R.
; Soares, D.F.M.
.
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
- Métricas do periódico
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a fauna vetorial e os aspectos ambientais e climáticos relacionados à transmissão das leishmanioses. Foi realizado um estudo eco-epidemiológico prospectivo de coleta sistemática de flebotomíneos e inquérito censitário sorológico canino em áreas de um município do Brasil. Para determinar a taxa de prevalência de LVC, foram examinadas amostras de sangue de 1752 cães. Na avaliação entomológica, foram instaladas 24 armadilhas luminosas em 12 residências distribuídas, instaladas no ambiente de peridomicílio e intradomicílio durante 12 meses. Para análise dos aspectos climáticos, utilizou-se a correlação simples de Spearman e para análise espacial foram utilizadas a Lógica Fuzzy e a Função K. A taxa de prevalência em cães foi de 4,1% e 7,1%. No estudo entomológico, foram capturados 431 flebotomíneos. A maior parte (74%) dos espécimes foi capturada no peridomicílio. Em relação à infecção natural, 5,6 % das amostras analisadas por biologia molecular apresentaram positividade à infecção por Leishmania spp.. Em 100% das amostras positivas, encontrou-se infecção por Leishmania infantum. Na análise espacial uma Área apresentou maior concentração de pontos de sobreposição de alta densidade de Lutzomyia longipalpis e cães sororreagentes, indicando maior risco na ocorrência concomitante dos dois eventos. Os resultados mostram que a interface parasito-reservatório-vetor está ativa nas áreas estudadas.
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate Leishmania vectors and investigate the environmental and climatic characteristics related to their transmission. This was a prospective eco-epidemiological study involving the systematic collection of sandflies and a canine serological survey in areas of municipality in Brazil. Blood samples from 1,752 dogs were examined to test for canine visceral leishmaniasis (VL). An entomological evaluation was carried out using 24 light traps in the peridomicile and intradomicile areas of 12 households for 12 months. Climate variables were analyzed using a simple Spearman correlation and a spatial analysis via the fuzzy logic method and K function. The prevalence rate of canine VL was 4.1% and 7.1% in the two areas that were studied, respectively. The entomological study resulted in the capture of 431 sandflies. Most (74%) of the specimens were captured in the peridomiciliary area, and 5.6% of the samples that were analyzed using molecular biology were positive for Leishmania spp. In particular, Leishmania infantum was found in 100% of the positive samples. The spatial analysis showed that one particular area presented a higher concentration of high-density overlapping points of Lutzomyia longipalpis and seropositive dog populations, indicating a higher risk of the concomitant occurrence of both events. The results show that a parasite-reservoir-vector interface is active in the studied areas.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11099
1013 downloads
9.
Brazilian guidelines for the management of psychomotor agitation. Part 2. Pharmacological approach
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Baldaçara, Leonardo
; Diaz, Alexandre P.
; Leite, Verônica
; Pereira, Lucas A.
; dos Santos, Roberto M.
; Gomes Júnior, Vicente de P.
; Calfat, Elie L.B.
; Ismael, Flávia
; Périco, Cintia A.M.
; Porto, Deisy M.
; Zacharias, Carlos E.K.
; Cordeiro, Quirino
; da Silva, Antônio Geraldo
; Tung, Teng C.
.
Objective: To present the essential guidelines for pharmacological management of patients with psychomotor agitation in Brazil. Methods: This is a systematic review of articles retrieved from the MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and SciELO databases published from 1997 to 2017. Other relevant articles in the literature were also used to develop these guidelines. The search strategy used structured questions formulated using the PICO model, as recommended by the Guidelines Project of the Brazilian Medical Association. Recommendations were summarized according to their level of evidence, which was determined using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine system and critical appraisal tools. Results: Of 5,362 articles retrieved, 1,731 abstracts were selected for further reading. The final sample included 74 articles that met all inclusion criteria. The evidence shows that pharmacologic treatment is indicated only after non-pharmacologic approaches have failed. The cause of the agitation, side effects of the medications, and contraindications must guide the medication choice. The oral route should be preferred for drug administration; IV administration must be avoided. All subjects must be monitored before and after medication administration. Conclusion: If non-pharmacological strategies fail, medications are needed to control agitation and violent behavior. Once medicated, the patient should be monitored until a tranquil state is possible without excessive sedation. Systematic review registry number: CRD42017054440.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0177
2746 downloads
10.
Brazilian guidelines for the management of psychomotor agitation. Part 1. Non-pharmacological approach
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Baldaçara, Leonardo
; Ismael, Flávia
; Leite, Verônica
; Pereira, Lucas A.
; dos Santos, Roberto M.
; Gomes Júnior, Vicente de P.
; Calfat, Elie L.B.
; Diaz, Alexandre P.
; Périco, Cintia A.M.
; Porto, Deisy M.
; Zacharias, Carlos E.
; Cordeiro, Quirino
; da Silva, Antônio Geraldo
; Tung, Teng C.
.
Objective: To present the essential guidelines for non-pharmacological management of patients with psychomotor agitation in Brazil. Methods: These guidelines were developed based on a systematic review of articles published from 1997 to 2017, retrieved from MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, and SciELO. Other relevant articles identified by searching the reference lists of included studies were also used to develop these guidelines. The search strategy used structured questions formulated using the PICO model, as recommended by the Guidelines Project of the Brazilian Medical Association. Recommendations were summarized according to their level of evidence, which was determined using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine system and critical appraisal tools. Results: We initially selected 1,731 abstracts among 5,362 articles. The final sample included 104 articles that fulfilled all the inclusion criteria. The management of agitated patients should always start with the least coercive approach. The initial non-pharmacological measures include a verbal strategy and referral of the patient to the appropriate setting, preferably a facility designed for the care of psychiatric patients with controlled noise, lighting, and safety aspects. Verbal de-escalation techniques have been shown to decrease agitation and reduce the potential for associated violence in the emergency setting. The possibility of underlying medical etiologies must be considered first and foremost. Particular attention should be paid to the patient’s appearance and behavior, physical signs, and mental state. If agitation is severe, rapid tranquilization with medications is recommended. Finally, if verbal measures fail to contain the patient, physical restraint should be performed as the ultimate measure for patient protection, and always be accompanied by rapid tranquilization. Healthcare teams must be thoroughly trained to use these techniques and overcome difficulties if the verbal approach fails. It is important that healthcare professionals be trained in non-pharmacological management of patients with psychomotor agitation as part of the requirements for a degree and graduate degree. Conclusion: The non-pharmacological management of agitated patients should follow the hierarchy of less invasive to more invasive and coercive measures, starting with referral of the patient to an appropriate environment, management by a trained team, use of verbal techniques, performance of physical and mental assessment, use of medications, and, if unavoidable, use of the mechanical restraint. Systematic review registry number: CRD42017054440.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0163
3327 downloads
11.
Selectivity of Imazapic + Imazapyr Herbicides on Irrigated Rice as Affected by Seed Treatment with Dietholate and Clomazone Applied in Preemergence
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RESUMO: O uso de dietholate no tratamento de sementes, bem como a utilização de clomazone em pré-emergência, pode afetar a seletividade de herbicidas do grupo químico das imidazolinonas aplicados em pós-emergência em cultivares Clearfield®. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos morfofisiológicos da mistura formulada do herbicida imazapyr + imazapic aplicada em pós-emergência em combinação com o tratamento de sementes com dietholate e a aplicação em pré-emergência de clomazone no cultivar híbrido de arroz Avaxi CL. O experimento foi conduzido no ano agrícola de 2012/13, em casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, com quatro repetições, no qual o fator A foi composto pelo tratamento de sementes com dietholate e aplicação em pré-emergência do arroz do herbicida clomazone, e o fator B, por oito doses da mistura formulada dos herbicidas imazapyr + imazapic. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento de sementes de arroz com dietholate combinado com a aplicação de clomazone em pré-emergência afeta a seletividade do herbicida composto pela mistura formulada de imazapyr + imazapic aplicada em pós-emergência no híbrido de arroz Avaxi CL. Características fisiológicas, como taxa fotossintética, taxa de transpiração e condutância estomática, no híbrido Avaxi CL são afetadas negativamente.
ABSTRACT: The use of dietholate seed treatment, as well as the use of preemergence clomazone, can affect the selectivity of the imidazolinones chemical group of postemergence herbicides applied in crops Clearfield™. The aim was to evaluate the morphophysiological effects of a formulated mixture of imazapyr + imazapic applied in postemergence in combination with seed treatment with dietholate and applying in preemergence of clomazone on Avaxi CL rice hybrid cultivar. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural year 2012/13, in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial design with four replications, in which factor A consisted of seed treatment with dietholate and applied clomazone herbicide in preemergence on rice and factor B consisted of eight doses of the mixture of imazapyr + imazapic herbicides. The results showed that the rice seed treatment with dietholate combined with the spray of herbicide clomazone in preemergence affects the selectivity of postemergence formulated mixture of imazapic + imazapyr applied on Avaxi CL rice. Physiological characteristics such as photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance on Avaxi CL hybrid are negatively affected.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582018360100062
599 downloads
12.
Caracterização histomorfológica do sistema tegumentar auricular de cateto - Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758)
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Borges, A.A.
; Bezerra, F.V.F.
; Costa, F.N
; Neta, L.B. Queiroz
; Santos, M.V.O.
; Oliveira, M.F.
; Silva, A.R.
; Pereira, A.F.
.
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
- Métricas do periódico
RESUMO A criopreservação de tecido somático derivado da pele de catetos consiste numa alternativa para a conservação da biodiversidade por meio da associação com a transferência nuclear. Nesse contexto, a manipulação de tecidos da pele é uma etapa crucial para o sucesso dessa biotécnica. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo, foi caracterizar o sistema tegumentar auricular periférico de catetos, visando aprimorar a conservação tecidual. Para tanto, fragmentos auriculares de oito animais foram avaliados quanto às camadas teciduais, aos componentes, à atividade proliferativa e à viabilidade metabólica, usando-se as colorações hematoxilina-eosina e tricrômico de Gomori, quantificação de AgNORs e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Assim, tamanhos de 104,2µm e 222,6µm foram observados para epiderme e derme, com uma proporção volumétrica de 36,6% e 58,7%, respectivamente. Além disso, na epiderme, foram evidenciadas as camadas basal (22,5µm), intermediárias (53,5µm) e córnea (28,2µm), com valores médios de 65,3 células epidermais, 43,4 melanócitos e 14,8 halos perinucleares. Já a derme apresentou 127 fibroblastos, com 2,5 AgNORs/nucléolo. Adicionalmente, a atividade metabólica foi de 0,243. Em conclusão, o sistema tegumentar auricular periférico de catetos possui algumas marcantes variações em relação a outros mamíferos, quanto ao número de camadas e espessura da epiderme, quantidade de células epidermais, melanócitos e parâmetros proliferativos.
ABSTRACT The cryopreservation of somatic tissue derived from skin of collared peccaries is an alternative for biodiversity conservation through association with nuclear transfer. In this context, tissue manipulation of skin is a critical step for the success of this biotechnique. Therefore, the aim was to characterize the peripheral ear integumentary system derived from collared peccaries, directing to improve tissue conservation. Thus, ear fragments of eight animals were evaluated for tissue layers, components, proliferative activity and metabolic viability, using hematoxylin-eosin and Gomori Trichrome, AgNORs quantification and transmission electronic microscopy. Hence, sizes of 104.2 µm and 222.6 µm were observed in the epidermis and dermis, with a volumetric ratio of 36.6% and 58.7%, respectively. Moreover, basal layer (22.5 µm), intermediate (53.5 µm) and cornea (28.2 µm), with mean values of 65.3 epidermal cells, 43.4 melanocytes and 14.8 perinuclear halos were evidenced in the epidermal. Already the dermis has 127 fibroblasts with 2.5 AgNORs/nucleolus. Additionally, the metabolic activity was 0.243. In conclusion, the peripheral ear integumentary system derived from collared peccaries possessed some important variations compared to other mammals, as the number of layers and thickness of the epidermis, number of epidermal cells, melanocytes and proliferative parameters.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9344
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13.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
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14.
Níveis de lisina em rações de suínos em terminação: um metanálise para otimizar o desempenho
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Portela, L.B.
; Siqueira, J.C.
; Bomfim, M.A.D.
; Nascimento, D.C.N.
; Ribeiro, F.B.
; Oliveira, F.L.
; Pereira, W.G.
; Dos Santos, J.C.
.
The objective of the study was to determine optimal lysine levels (Lys) in diets for finishing pigs, suitable for optimize performance and reduce feed costs, using the meta-analysis technique. Feed conversion (FC) data from 16 dose-response experiments realized in Brazil (from 2000 to 2011), which evaluated increasing lysine levels in diets were used. The feed conversion data from selected works were converted to a common basis and submitted to regression analyzes considering the lysine level as independent variable by the exponential, quadratic model and Linear Response Plateau (LRP). Based on exponential equation was calculated the variation of feed cost per kg of weight gain. The cost of basal diet (without L-lysine) was considered as R$0.70/kg, and assigned the value of 2.80 (g/g) for the FC desired. The optimal total lysine level appropriate to optimize performance, recommended by quadratic model was 1.036 %, while the optimum level recommended to reduce feed costs and increase the margin was 0.980 %, when the cost of L-lysine HCl kg (78.5 %) was R$4.71. On the other hand, when the kg of L-lysine (78.5 %) increased to R$7.85, the recommended level was reduced to 0.880 %. To estimate the feed cost per kg of weight gain for growing/finishing pigs, an equation was proposed.
O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar os níveis de lisina (Lys) em rações de suínos em terminação, adequados para otimizar o desempenho e reduzir os custos com alimentação, utilizando a técnica da metanálise. Para isso foram utilizados dados de conversão alimentar (CA) de 16 experimentos dose-resposta realizados no Brasil, publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2011, que avaliaram níveis crescentes de lisina na ração. Após convertidos para uma base comum, os dados de conversão alimentar dos trabalhos selecionados foram submetidos á análises de regressão considerando o nivel de Lys como variável independente, utilizando os modelos exponencial, polinomial quadrático e Linear Response Plateau (LRP). Com base na equação exponencial, foi calculada a variação do custo com alimentação por kg de ganho de peso. Considerou-se o custo da ração basal (sem L-lisina HCl) como sendo R$ 0,70/kg, e atribuiu-se o valor de 2,80 (g/g) para a CA desejada. O nível ótimo de lisina total adequado para otimizar o desempenho, estimado a partir da utilização do modelo quadrático foi 1,036 %, enquanto o nível ótimo estimado para reduzir os custos com alimentação e aumentar a margem foi 0,980 % quando o kg de L-lisina HCl (78,5 %) custou R$ 4,71. Por outro lado quando o kg de L-lisina HCl (78,5 %) aumentou para R$ 7,85, o nfvel estimado reduziu para 0,880 %. Para simular o custo com alimentação por kg de GP de sufnos em crescimento/terminação propos-se uma equação.
https://doi.org/10.4321/S0004-05922014000300003
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15.
Fusarium species and fumonisins associated with maize kernels produced in Rio Grande do Sul State for the 2008/09 and 2009/10 growing seasons
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Stumpf, R.
; Santos, J. dos
; Gomes, L.B.
; Silva, C.N.
; Tessmann, D.J.
; Ferreira, F.D.
; Machinski Junior, M.
; Del Ponte, E.M.
.
Ear rots caused by Fusarium spp. are among the main fungal diseases that contribute to poor quality and the contamination of maize grains with mycotoxins. This study aimed to determine the visual incidence of fungal-damaged kernels (FDKs), the incidence of two main Gibberella (a teleomorph of Fusarium) complexes (G. fujikuroi and G. zeae) associated with maize using a seed health blotter test, and the fumonisin levels, using high performance liquid chromatography, in samples of maize grains grown across 23 municipalities during the 2008/09 and 2009/10 growing seasons. Additionally, 104 strains that were representative of all of the analysed samples were identified to species using PCR assays. The mean FDK was seven per cent, and only six of the samples had levels greater than six per cent. Fusarium spp. of the G. fujikuroi complex were present in 96% of the samples, and G. zeae was present in 18% of the samples (5/27). The mean incidence of G. fujikuroi was 58%, and the incidence of G. zeae varied from 2 to 6%. FB1 was found in 58.6%, FB2 in 37.9%, and both toxins in 37.9% of the samples. The FB1 and FB2 levels were below the quantification limits for 41.3% of the samples, and the mean FB1 levels (0.66 µg/g) were higher than the mean FB2 levels (0.42 µg/g). The PCR identification separated the 104 isolates into three of the G. fujikuroi complex: F. verticillioides (76%), F. subglutinans (4%) and F. proliferatum (2%); and G. zeae (anamorph = F. graminearum) (18%). Our results confirmed the dominance of F. verticillioides, similar to other regions of Brazil, but they differed due to the relatively higher incidence of F. graminearum. Total fumonisin levels were below the maximum limit determined by current Brazilian regulations.
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ta | título abreviado da revista (ex. Cad. Saúde Pública) |
journal_title | título completo da revista (ex. Cadernos de Saúde Pública) |
la | código do idioma da publicação (ex. pt - Português, es - Espanhol) |
type | tipo do documento |
pid | identificador da publicação |
publication_year | ano de publicação do artigo |
sponsor | financiador |
aff_country | código do país de afiliação do autor |
aff_institution | instituição de afiliação do autor |
volume | volume do artigo |
issue | número do artigo |
elocation | elocation |
doi | número DOI |
issn | ISSN da revista |
in | código da coleção SciELO (ex. scl - Brasil, col - Colômbia) |
use_license | código da licença de uso do artigo |