Abstract This study compares the morphology, thermal, and dynamic-mechanical properties of composites based on polybutylene adipate terephthalate/polylactide biocomposites with sponge gourd waste treated code as R, and non-treated sponge gourd, coded as NR, by mechanical disc refining after milled process. Extrusion followed by compression molding was used to produce biocomposites with fiber contents of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15% wt/wt for R and NR sponge gourd fibers. Scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals that NR has the morphology of a rigid tubular shape, whereas R is a thinner, twisted, and fibrillated fiber. Regardless of the type of sponge gourd fiber used, the thermal stability of the composite decreases as the sponge gourd content increases. At 25°C, the biocomposite with 10%wt/wt R fiber has the highest storage modulus value. The comparison of Tangent peak values reveals that the presence of sponge gourd fibers reduces the energy dissipation of the biocomposites. The analysis of the loss modulus at 25°C reveals that R fiber contributes more to the reduction of energy dissipation of the biocomposites than NR. Furthermore, the Cole-Cole plot shows that R and NR fibers are dispersed and do not significantly change the homogeneity of the biopolymer systems.

ABSTRACT: Crop residues left in the field cover and protect the soil surface, and regulate key processes and functions, such as gas and water exchanges. However, the Brazilian sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) sector has begun to use straw as feedstock to produce bioenergy. We conducted a field study to evaluate the effects of sugarcane straw removal in soil temperature and moisture changes at three sites (with different soil textures: Site 1 - clayey Oxisol, Site 2 - medium texture Oxisol, and Site 3 - sandy Ultisol) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four rates of straw removal: i) no removal (NR); ii) moderate removal (MR); iii) substantial removal (SR), and iv) total removal (TR). Soil temperature was measured by sensors in the 0- to 5- and 5- to 10-cm soil layers. Undisturbed soil samples were collected from the 0- to 20- and 20- to 40-cm layers to determine soil moisture. Intensive straw removal (HR and TR) increased the soil temperature between 2 and 3 °C and the thermal amplitude between 5 and 9 °C in the 0- to 5-cm layer, compared to MR and NR. Soil moisture decreased between 0.03 and 0.07 g g–1 in the 0- to 20-cm layer with intensive straw removal. The sandy soil was more susceptible to straw removal. Therefore, straw maintenance on the soil surface plays an essential role in temperature regulation and preservation of higher soil moisture, especially in regions with severe water deficits and long periods of water stress.

Em tempos de “fichalimpismo” e de excesso de intervenção judicial na definição das regras do jogo democrático, impõe-se uma renovada reflexão sobre a dimensão jusfundamental dos direitos políticos, em especial, em relação ao direito fundamental de ser eleito. O objetivo geral deste artigo consiste em demonstrar que os casos de inelegibilidades infraconstitucionais disciplinados entre nós pela Lei Complementar n. 64/90 (doravante LC n. 64/90) não se compatibilizam com a garantia convencional prevista no art. 23, item 2, da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos (doravante Convenção Americana ou convenção), que só admite que eles sejam restringidos “exclusivamente por motivos de idade, nacionalidade, residência, idioma, instrução, capacidade civil ou mental, ou condenação, por juiz competente, em processo penal.” Diante desta incompatibilidade, os juízes nacionais encontram-se autorizados a negar vigência à lei nacional e a fazer valer a proteção prevista na Convenção, a despeito de existir decisão proferida pelo STF em controle abstrato de constitucionalidade revestida de força vinculante.

The emergence of a strong level of moralization and interference of the Judicial Power on the democratic game rules demands the reflection about the fundamental dimension of the political rights, specially, the right to be voted. In this article, I argue that almost all the hypothesis defined by the Brazilian Ineligibilities Act (Lei Complementar nr. 64/90) are not compatible with the guarantee ensured by the article 23 of American Convention on Human Rights, whereby all the citizens shall enjoy “the right and opportunity” (art. 23) to “be elected in genuine periodic elections” (art. 23, 1.b), and the exercise of this right should be restrict “only on the basis of age, nationality, residence, language, education, civil and mental capacity, or sentencing by a competent court in criminal proceedings” (art. 23.2). Because of this, all the domestic judges are authorized to deny validity to the national statute, and apply directly the conventional guarantee, despite the fact that the Brazilian Supreme Court had uphold the ineligibilities Act by a decision endowed with binding force for all the national judges.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a identificação e diferenciação das espécies Trichogramma exiguum Pinto e Platner, T. pretiosum Riley e T. galloi Zucchi utilizando o sequenciamento da região ITS2 do DNA ribossomal. Após a extração do DNA das espécies estudadas, foi realizada a reação de PCR, onde as amostras amplificadas foram submetidas ao sequenciamento. As sequências obtidas foram submetidas à busca por similaridade no GenBank (NCBI – National Center for Biotechnology Information) por meio do programa BLAST visando-se determinar a similaridade destas com sequências das espécies já depositadas no referido banco de dados e em seguida foi feito o alinhamento múltiplo das sequências com o auxílio do programa CLUSTALX, versão 2.0. De acordo com os resultados do alinhamento múltiplo de todas as sequências obtidas, foi possível verificar as diferenças entre as espécies de T.pretiosum, T. galloi e T. exiguum. Isto permitiu concluir que a utilização do sequenciamento da região ITS2 do DNA ribossomal foi eficiente na diferenciação das espécies de Trichogramma estudadas, o que sugere uma forte variação inter-específica entre as espécies.

The objective of this work was the identification and differentiation of Trichogramma exiguum Pinto and Platner species, T. pretiosum Riley, and T. galloi Zucchi using sequences of the ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA. After extracting DNA from the studied species, a PCR reaction was performed, where the amplified samples were subjected to sequencing. The sequences obtained were submitted to a similarity search in GenBank (NCBI - National Center for Biotechnology Information) using the BLAST program, aiming to determine the similarity of these sequences with the species already deposited in the referenced database, and then multiple sequences were aligned using version 2.0 of the ClustalX program. According to the results of the multiple alignments of all sequences obtained, it was possible to observe the differences between the T. pretiosum, T. galloi and T. exiguum species. It was concluded that using the sequences of the ITS2 region of the ribosomal DNA was efficient in the differentiation of the studied Trichogramma species, which suggests a strong inter-specific variation among species.

Le présent article aborde deux moments de l'Hôpital Psychiatrique Heitor Carrilho pour le traitement des détenus (Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico), sa création et sa fermeture, articulant la dernière proposition le concernant aux effets de la loi Paulo Delgado et à la lutte pour la réforme psychiatrique. La restructuration de ces hôpitaux psychiatriques pour la cure des détenus à l'État de Rio de Janeiro, et notamment celle de l'Hôpital Heitor Carrilho, est mise en relief, soulignant leur histoire, leur contexte sociopolitique, et les idées qui fondent ces Institutions dites Totales aussi bien structuralement que fonctionnellement.

The aim of this article is to discuss two periods in the history of Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico Heitor Carrilho (Secure Psychiatric Hospital) - its creation and extinction - investigating the links between the latter event and the effects of the Psychiatric Reform Law (Lei Paulo Delgado) and the movement against asylums. The topic is developed around the restructuring of the secure psychiatric hospitals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, especially Heitor Carrilho, and the history of criminal lunatic asylums, their sociopolitical contexts and the ideas that underpin these total institutions both structurally and functionally.

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Gründung und Schließung des psychiatrischen Anstalt Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico (HCTP) Heitor Carrilho im Zusammenhang mit den Auswirkungen des Gesetzes "Paulo Delgado" (Lei Paulo Delgado Gesetz Nr. 10216 von 2001) und der Antipsychiatrischen Reformbewegungen (Luta Antimanicomial) besprochen. Mit Fokus auf das Krankenhaus "Heitor Carrilho", wird die Neustrukturierung der HCTPs des Bundeslandes Rio de Janeiro untersucht und im Rahmen des zeithistorischen Hintergrundes der gerichtspsychiatrischen Anstalten, der sozialpolitischen Kontexte, sowie der Ideen der strukturellen und funktionalen Grundlagen dieser totalen Institutionen beleuchtet.

O presente artigo objetiva discutir a criação e a extinção do Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico Heitor Carrilho, articulando-as aos efeitos da Lei Paulo Delgado e da Luta Anti-manicomial. Investiga-se a temática da reestruturação dos HCTP do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, focando o Heitor Carrilho, voltando-se para o histórico dos Manicômios Judiciários, os contextos sociopolíticos e as ideias que embasam a sustentação estrutural e funcional dessas Instituições Totais.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo discutir dos momentos del Hospital de Custodia y Tratamiento Psiquiátrico Heitor Carrilho, la creación y la extinción, relacionando la última propuesta con los efectos de la Ley Paulo Delgado y la Lucha Antimanicomio. La temática se desarrolla alrededor de la reestructuración de los Hospitales de Custodia y Tratamiento Psiquiátrico de Rio de Janeiro, empleando el Heitor Carrilho y recurriendo a la historia de los Manicomios Judiciales, los contextos sociopolíticos y las ideas en las que se basa el sostenimiento estructural y funcional de estas Instituciones Totales.