Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate semen cryopreservation with ACP-Lact® diluent, which consists of coconut water powder (ACP) added to goat milk powder. After thawing, the samples were evaluated for sperm kinetics, membrane evaluation and in vivo insemination. For cryopreservation, a pool was made with the ejaculate of six goats, diluted in four equal aliquots for the respective treatments: T1 (ACP-Lact®); T2 (ACP-Lact® 50%); T3 (ACP + 2.5% egg yolk) and T4 (Tris + 2.5% egg yolk). After dilution of the treatments, the samples were placed in 0.5 ml straws and chilled at a rate of -1.07°C/min. After reaching 4°C and stabilizing for one hour, the straws were placed in nitrogen vapour at -60°C for 15 minutes and then immersed in liquid nitrogen (-196ºC). The straws were thawed in a 37°C water bath and kinetic assessments were performed immediately using a computerized semen analysis program (CSA), viability (EN), membrane functionality (HOST), mitochondrial activity (DAB) and DNA integrity assessment of spermatozoa. For the in vivo experiment, ten goats were inseminated, divided into two groups of five goats each, G1 inseminated with ACP-Lact® and G2 with ACP, by fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). Regarding the kinetic parameters, the ACP-Lact® treatment showed higher progressive motility (PM) and sperm velocity than the other treatments (36.77%). In the VSL parameter the ACP-Lact diluent was superior to ACP and Tris. In viability the treatment with ACP-Lact® was superior to the treatment with Tris, 95% and 83% respectively. In FTAI two goats were born out of the 5 goats inseminated with ACP-Lact®. It was concluded that the use of ACP-Lact® for cryopreservation of caprine semen is efficient in maintaining seminal parameters during thawing in vitro and in vivo and proved to be a good alternative extender for the caprine species.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos do tratamento de cães com erliquiose monocítica canina (EMC) com cloridrato de doxiciclina associada ou não à prednisolona sobre o perfil hematológico e de proteínas séricas. Foram selecionados, na Clínica Médica de Pequenos Animais do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), 10 cães com EMC. O diagnóstico foi obtido através de exame clínico, hemograma e teste de imunoensaio imunocromatográfico (com anticorpos anti Ehrlichia canis). As amostras foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais, com cinco animais cada (n=5), denominados GD e GDP. O grupo GD foi tratado com doxiciclina (5 mg/kg, VO, BID durante 28 dias) e o grupo GDP, tratado com doxiciclina na mesma dose e duração e prednisolona (2 mg/kg, VO, BID, durante 5 dias). Durante o período de tratamento, foram realizadas quatro coletas de sangue; uma coleta basal (M0), uma com 10 dias (M10), uma aos 21 dias (M21) e outra ao final do tratamento (M28). Dessas amostras foram realizados eritrograma, leucograma, plaquetograma e proteinograma (dosagem de proteínas totais, pré-albumina, albumina, α-1 globulina, α-2 globulina, ß-globulina, ɣ-globulina e proteína C-reativa) no Laboratório de Patologia Clínica do Hospital Veterinário da UFCG. Os resultados que apresentaram distribuição normal foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey (P<0,05). Ao comparar os tratamentos GD e GDP, observou-se que os dois promoveram resposta discreta e semelhante dos parâmetros hematológicos nos diferentes momentos. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que ambos os protocolos terapêuticos resultaram em melhora clínica e dos parâmetros hematológicos e do proteinograma. Porém, o uso da prednisolona na dose empregada durante os primeiros cinco dias de tratamento não demonstrou efeitos mais benéficos do que a administração isolada da doxiciclina.

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to assess the treatment of dogs with ehrlichiosis (tropical canine pancytopenia (TCP)) with doxycycline hydrochloride associated or not with prednisolone on the hematological profile and serum proteins. Ten dogs with TCP were selected in the Small Animal Medical Clinic Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Campina Grande-UFCG-PB, Brazil. The diagnosis was obtained by clinical examination, hemogram and immunochromatographic test (with anti Ehrlichia canis antibodies). Samples were distributed randomly in two experimental groups of five animals each (n = 5), named GD and GDP. The GD group was treated with doxycycline (5 mg/kg, VO, BID for 28 days) and the GDP group was treated with doxycycline at the same dose and duration and prednisolone (2 mg/kg, VO, BID, for five days). Four blood collections were made during the treatment period: a base collection (M0), one at 10 days (M10), a second at 21 days (M21) and another at the end of the treatment (M28). These samples were used for the tests erythrogram, leucogram, plateletgram and proteinogram (dose of total proteins, pre-albumin, albumin, albumin, α-1 globulin, α-2 globulin, ß-globulin, ɣ-globulin and C- reactive protein) in the Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital-UFCG-PB. Results, that presented normal distribution, was submitted to the Tukey test (P<0.05). Comparison of treatments GD and GDP showed that both promoted discreet and similar response in the hematological parameters at different times. Results obtained allowed the conclusion that both therapeutic protocols resulted in clinical, hematological parameter and proteinogram improvement, but the use of prednisolone at the dose administered during the first five days of treatment did not show more beneficial effects than isolated administration of doxycycline.

Super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) combines corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, interesting to applications in the oil extraction industry. In this process, wear between the tools friction and rocky materials occurs with SDSS pipes. Due to the low tribological properties, plasma nitriding process is applied to provide a surface layer with excellent wear resistance and without significant losses in corrosion resistance. Here, conventional plasma nitriding (CPN) and cathodic cage plasma nitriding (CCPN) techniques were compared to modify SDSS surface. Before and after passing by these two nitriding processes, welded joints (WJ) were subjected to a microstructural and corrosion resistance evaluation. Aiming to characterize the final product obtained, it was used characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results show that using the CPN technique, at 400°C, was responsible for providing greater resistance to corrosion, when analyzing the result of potentiodynamic polarization — jpassivation = 2.60x10-5 A.cm-2 and Epite = 0.83 V than the CCPN technique when applied to the SSDS, and this was attributed to the formed diffusion layer, which is composed of the expanded austenite and ferrite phases.

ABSTRACT. In this work, lacunarity analysis is performed on soil pores segmented by the pure voxel extraction method from soil tomography images. The conversion of forest to sugarcane plantation was found to result in higher sugarcane soil pore lacunarity than that of native forest soil, while the porosity was found to be lower. More precisely, this study shows that native forest has more porous soil with a more uniform spatial distribution of pores, while sugarcane soil has lower porosity and a more heterogeneous pore distribution. Moreover, validation through multivariate statistics demonstrates that lacunarity can be considered a relevant index of clustering and can explain the variability among soils under different land use systems. While porosity by itself represents a fundamental concept for quantification of the impact of land use change, the current findings demonstrate that the spatial distribution of pores also plays an important role and that pore lacunarity can be adopted as a complementary tool in studies directed at quantifying the effect of human intervention on soils.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o tracking da aptidão cardiorrespiratória da infância à adolescência, bem como testar a via de moderação pela maturação somática. Métodos: A amostra foi composta de 375 crianças (197 meninos), com idades entre 7 e 10 anos na linha de base. Os sujeitos foram acompanhados por três anos. Massa corporal e estatura foram mensuradas como indicadores antropométricos e usadas para estimar a maturação somática pelo método de Moore. Aptidão cardiorrespiratória foi avaliada pelo teste de 9 minutos de corrida. Adiposidade corporal foi estimada pelo método de dobras subcutâneas, com medidas das dobras tricipital e subescapular, além de ter sido utilizada como covariável. A amostra foi categorizada em tercis, e então o coeficiente Kappa (k) e o coeficiente de correlação de concordância de Lin (LCCC) foram adotados para verificar estabilidade. Foram criadas variáveis dummy nas regressões para estimar o efeito de moderação. Todas as análises foram conduzidas no Stata 14.0, adotando p<0,05. Resultados: A aptidão cardiorrespiratória apresentou tracking baixo a moderado da infância para a adolescência (k=0,294; LCCC=0,458). Além disso, o status de maturação moderou significativamente a associação entre aptidão cardiorrespiratória na infância e adolescência (independentemente da coorte e adiposidade) em meninos (β=0,644; p<0,003) e na amostra total (β=0,184; p<0,020), mas não em meninas (-0,217; p=0,413). Conclusões: O tracking da aptidão cardiorrespiratória da infância à adolescência é baixo a moderado em ambos os sexos. Ainda, o estado maturacional moderou a associação entre aptidão cardiorrespiratória na infância e adolescência. Menor idade do pico de velocidade de crescimento foi associada à maior aptidão cardiorrespiratória.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness’ tracking from childhood to adolescence, as well as to test the moderation role of somatic maturation. Methods: Our sample was composed by 375 children (197 boys), with a baseline age between 7 and 10 years old. The children were followed-up over three years. Body mass and stature were measured as anthropometric indicators and were used to estimate maturity status through Moore’s method. Cardiorespiratory fitness was evaluated through 9-minute running test. Body adiposity was estimated through the subcutaneous skinfold method, with measures of triceps and subscapular skinfolds and used as a covariate. Sample was categorized into tertiles. Thereafter, the Kappa (k) coefficient and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC) tests were adopted to verify stability. Dummy variable in regression was used to test moderation effects. All analyses were conducted in Stata 14.0, adopting p<0.05. Results: Cardiorespiratory fitness presented a moderate to low tracking from childhood to adolescence (k=0.294; LCCC=0.458). Moreover, maturity status significantly moderated the association between cardiorespiratory fitness at childhood and adolescence (regardless of cohort and body adiposity) among boys (β=0.644; p=0.003) and role sample (β=0.184; p=0.020), but not girls (-0.217; p=0.413). Conclusions: Tracking of cardiorespiratory fitness from childhood to adolescence is moderate to low in both sexes. Moreover, maturity status moderated the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline and in adolescence. A lower age at peak height velocity was associated to a greater cardiorespiratory fitness.

Resumo: Os saguis-de-tufos-brancos (Callithrix jacchus) são pequenos primatas que pertencem à família Cebidae, subfamília Callitrichinae e são os mais conhecidos e comuns na adaptação ao cativeiro. A escassez de dados disponíveis na literatura sobre a anatomia desses saguis e de animais silvestres dificulta a aplicação de procedimentos anestésicos, cirúrgicos e terapêuticos apropriados. Visando conhecer as variações anatômicas da lobação e segmentação broncopulmonar foram dissecados os pulmões de nove cadáveres de saguis-de-tufos-brancos (Callithrix jacchus) adultos, sendo cinco machos e quatro fêmeas. Nos saguis, o pulmão direito apresentou lobo cranial; lobo médio; lobo caudal e lobo acessório; e o pulmão esquerdo os lobos cranial e caudal. As fissuras são bem proeminentes em ambos os pulmões. O brônquio principal direito emitiu ramos independentes, um para cada lobo, sendo que no lobo caudal seguiu em linha reta como a continuação deste brônquio e o mesmo foi observado no brônquio principal esquerdo. Em relação à segmentação broncopulmonar, o pulmão direito apresentou no lobo cranial variando de um a cinco ramos; lobo médio com um único ramo; o lobo caudal com três a cinco ramos e o acessório com três ramos. No pulmão esquerdo o lobo cranial teve uma variação de um a cinco e no caudal foi de três a quatro ramos.

Abstract The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) are small primates belonging to the family Cebidae, subfamily Callitrichinae and are the most well-known and common in adaptation to captivity. The scarcity of data in the literature on the anatomy of these marmosets and wild animals hinders the application of appropriate anesthetic and surgical procedures and therapeutics. In order to understand the anatomic variations in the lobation and bronchopulmonary segmentation the lungs were dissected from nine adult common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) corpses, five males and four females. In the marmosets, the right lung presented cranial lobe, middle lobe, caudal lobe and accessory lobe while the left lung presented cranial and caudal lobes. The fissures were very pro-eminent in both the lungs. The main right bronchus emitted independent branches, one for each lobe, and it followed in a straight line in the caudal lobe as a continuation of this bronchus and the same was observed in the main left bronchus. The bronchopulmonary segmentation in the right lung ranged from one to five branches in the cranial lobe; the middle lobe had a single branch; the caudal lobe had three to five branches and the accessory lobe had three branches. In the left lung the cranial lobe bronchopulmonary segmentation ranged from one to five branches while in the caudal lobe it was three to four branches.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade, além da associação entre o índice de massa corporal (IMC) com os fatores de risco cardiovascular em professores da rede pública. Foi realizado um estudo transversal em 200 professores da educação básica de Viçosa-MG. Avaliaram-se o IMC, a circunferência de cintura (CC), a relação cintura-quadril (RCQ), o percentual de gordura corporal (%GC), a pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, a glicemia de jejum, o colesterol total, a lipoproteína de alta e baixa densidade (LDL-C), os triglicerídeos e o número de passos diários. Avaliaram-se as associações entre o IMC (variável independente) e demais variáveis (variável dependente) por meio da regressão linear. Foram encontrados 58% de excesso de peso entre os professores, sendo que 20% apresentaram obesidade. Entre o sexo feminino, todos os fatores de risco foram estatisticamente diferentes entre o grupo com sobrepeso e/ou obesidade comparados ao grupo classificado com IMC normal, exceto para o colesterol total e LDL-C. O valor de passos diários apresentou tendência de redução com o aumento do IMC. A análise de regressão linear mostrou associação positiva entre o IMC e as demais medidas antropométricas, pressóricas e bioquímicas, porém, após correção pela idade, apenas observou-se associação com as variáveis antropométricas (CC, RCQ e %GC). Foi encontrada uma elevada prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade nos professores da educação básica. O indicador de obesidade geral (IMC) não apresentou associação com os fatores de risco cardiovascular, quando ajustado em função da idade.

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the association of body mass index (BMI) with cardiovascular risk factors in public school teachers. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 basic education teachers from Viçosa, MG. We assessed BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (%BF), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, high-density and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglycerides, and number of daily steps. Linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between BMI (independent variable) and the other variables (dependent variable). Overweight was observed in 58% of the teachers and obesity in 20%. Among women, all risk factors differed significantly between the group with overweight and/or obesity and the group classified as normal BMI, except for total cholesterol and LDL-C. Linear regression analysis showed a positive association between BMI and the other anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters; however, after adjustment for age, an association was only observed with the anthropometric variables (WC, WHR, and %BF). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was high among the basic education teachers studied. The overall obesity indicator (BMI) was not associated with cardiovascular risk factors when adjusted for age.

This research evaluated the fungistatic and fungicidal activities of red propolis alcoholic extract (RPAE) against different Candida species isolated from chronic periodontitis cases, and compared with chlorhexidine (CHX). Nineteen samples of Candida species (C. albicans [n = 12], C. tropicalis [n = 5] andC. glabrata[n = 2]) isolated from chronic periodontitis cases were analyzed. The fungistatic and fungicidal activity of both RPAE and CHX were evaluated using fluconazole and C. parapsilosis (ATCC 6258) as a control. Fungistatic activity was analyzed based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) reference procedure to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations. Fungicidal activity was established according to the absence of fungal growth on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar medium. The fungistatic and fungicidal activities of RPAE were observed, respectively, at 32-64 μg/mL and 64-512 μg/mL for C.albicans, 64 μg/mL and 64-256 μg/mL for C. glabrata, and 32-64 μg/mL and 64 µg/mL for C. tropicalis. CHX fungistatic activity was observed at concentrations of 0.003-1.92 µg/mL for C. albicans, 1.92 µg/mL for C. glabrata, and 0.03-1.92 µg/mL for C. tropicalis. Fluconazole fungistatic activity ranged between 1-64 μg/mL, and fungicidal activity occurred at 8-64 μg/mL, for the threeCandida species analyzed. All the Candidaspecies were susceptible to RPAE antifungal activity, but five samples ofC.albicans, one ofC.tropicalis and one ofC.glabrata were resistant to fluconazole antifungal activity. CHX showed fungistatic activity against all the Candida species analyzed. The antifungal potential of these substances suggests that they can be applied as an alternative treatment for diseases affected by these species.

Um caso de lisencefalia e hipoplasia cerebelar é descrito em um caprino com 30 dias de idade. No exame físico, apresentava decúbito esternal permanente, ataxia, ausência do reflexo de ameaça, tremores de intenção e nistagmo. Após 11 dias de internamento, o caprino foi eutanasiado e necropsiado. Na necropsia, o cérebro não apresentava giros nem sulcos e o cerebelo estava reduzido de tamanho. Histologicamente, em todo o córtex cerebral, a substância cinzenta estava mais espessa e a substância branca mais fina que o normal. Os neurônios estavam distribuídos de forma aleatória na substância cinzenta. No cerebelo, as camadas estavam desorganizadas, com localização heterotópica das células. Os achados macroscópicos e histológicos são característicos de lisencefalia e hipoplasia cerebelar. A presença de um só animal afetado sugere que a malformação não é de origem infecciosa e o fato da lisencefalia nunca ter sido descrita antes em caprinos sugere que não é uma doença hereditária.

A case of lissencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia was observed in a 30-day-old goat. The goat presented with sternal recumbence, absence of a menace response, intention tremors, ataxia, and nystagmus. The goat was euthanized and necropsied after having been hospitalised for eleven days. At necropsy, the surface of the brain was found to be smooth, the cerebral sulci and gyri were absent, and the cerebellum was reduced in size. Histologically, the grey matter and white matter were thicker and thinner than normal in cortices, respectively. The neurons were randomly arranged in the grey matter. In the cerebellum, the layers were disorganised, and cells were heterotopics. The histologic and gross lesions observed in this animal are characteristic of lissencephaly associated with cerebellar hypoplasia. The presence of a single goat affected suggests that the malformation was not of infectious origin and because lissencephaly is a malformation not previously described in goats, it is unlikely this case was inherited.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationships between the chemical characteristics of 15 types of organic composts and the release of nutrients to the soil. Laboratory soil incubations were carried using plastic cups, where 50 g of a dystrophic Red Yellow Argisol (Ultisol) were amended with 0.374 g of each compost. The design was in randomized blocks with 16 treatments (15 types of compost plus a control) and 4 incubation periods (3, 7, 14 and 28 days) with three replications. At the end of each period, the soil inorganic N was determined, but soil P, K, Ca and Mg were determined only at day 28. The composts had different effects on soil N, causing from mineralization to immobilization. Among the evaluated characteristics of the composts (lignin, poliphenols, ashes, C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, lignin:N, and C:N) only the C:N ration had a significant correlation with N mineralization. The composts also varied regarding the supply of P and K to the soil, but there were no differences in the supply of Ca and Mg. In conclusion, the chemical characteristics of the composts that were evaluated were not useful indicators of the potential nutrient supply by the composts.

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as relações entre características químicas de 15 tipos de compostos orgânicos e o fornecimento de nutrientes para as plantas. Para isso, experimentos de incubação de solo foram montados em laboratório, utilizando-se copos plásticos contendo 50 g de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico, no qual foram incorporados 374 mg de massa seca dos compostos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 16 tratamentos (15 compostos e testemunha), 4 tempos de incubação (3, 7, 14 e 28 dias) e 3 repetições. Em cada data de coleta analisou-se o teor de N inorgânico do solo e, aos 28 dias, determinaram-se o P, K, Ca e Mg do solo. Das variáveis estudadas (lignina, polifenóis, cinzas, C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, lignina/N e C/N), apenas a relação C/N apresentou uma fraca correlação positiva com a mineralização de nitrogênio. Observaram-se diferenças entre os compostos no fornecimento de P e K ao solo, mas não houve diferenças quanto ao Ca e Mg. Conclui-se que as características químicas avaliadas dos compostos testados não demonstraram promissoras como indicadoras do potencial de fornecimento de nutrientes pelos compostos.

Neste trabalho usamos valores de raio efetivo de distribuição de tamanho de gotas e raio modal de conteúdo de água liquida gerados com um modelo de parcela com tratamento detalhado dos processos de microfísica de fase líquida para avaliar a supressão da formação de chuva quente sobre a Amazônia devido à presença de aerossóis gerados pela queima da floresta. Quatro casos baseados em observações são simulados: um ambiente marinho limpo como aqueles encontrados próximos a Fortaleza; um ambiente limpo como aqueles encontrados sobre a parte preservada da floresta amazônica; um ambiente observado durante a estação de intensa queima da floresta; e o mesmo ambiente observado durante a transição de seco para úmido. É mostrado que o modelo de parcela é capaz de reproduzir quantitativamente algumas das características observadas das nuvens em diferentes ambientes. O modelo indica que em ambientes poluídos o processo de formação de chuva quente pode ser completamente inibido. Entretanto, em certas situações a formação de chuva quente ainda pode acontecer e uma quantidade significativa de água de chuva pode ser formada.

In this work we use values of effective radius of cloud drop size distribution and modal radius of liquid water content generated with a parcel model with detailed treatment of liquid phase microphysical process to evaluate the warm rain formation suppression over the Amazon due to the presence of aerosols generated by forest burning. Four cases based on observations are simulated: a clean marine environment as the one observed close to Fortaleza; a clean environment as the ones observed over the apparently unpolluted Amazon forest; a environment observed during the intense burning season in the polluted part of the Amazon; and the same polluted environment observed during the transition season from dry to wet. It is shown that the model reproduces quantitatively some of the observed features of clouds in different environments. The model indicated that in very polluted environment the warm rain formation process can be completely suppressed. Nevertheless, in certain situations the formation of warm rain can still be achieved and significant amount of rainwater can be formed.