Interspecific competition may influence demographic parameters and affect population sizes of competing species. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Akodon azarae abundance on demographic parameters of other assemblage species through capture-mark-recapture data (CMR). In addition, we assessed the effects of time fluctuation, anthropogenic disturbances (burning), climate (rainfall and temperature) and endogenous variables (sex and abundance) on those parameters. The study was carried out in a railway bank in central Argentina through monthly CMR surveys from November 2011 to May 2014. We estimated species abundance using Pradel's closed population models throughout a robust design. We modeled recapture and survival probabilities by Cormack Jolly Seber models and seniority probabilities and population growth rates by Pradel's models. Akodon azarae abundance showed an inverse pattern to Mus musculus and Calomys musculinus abundance. Population numbers of A. azarae declined after fire, whereas M. musculus and C. musculinus increased their numbers and became the most abundant species. Akodon azarae abundance did not affect any demographic parameters of the other species. Instead, time fluctuations, sex and temperature explained those parameters. Even though burning changed species population numbers for a short period of time, it did not affect demographic parameters of any species. Although A. azarae is considered a dominant species, we did not find evidence that its abundance affects the demography of other small mammal species. Railway banks would offer shelter and food for all species during the year, allowing them to avoid competition for available resources. However, anthropogenic disturbances can produce changes in the composition of small mammal assemblage since they affect habitat quality and allow invasive species such as the Mus musculus to establish.

La competencia interespecífica puede influir en los parámetros demográficos y afectar el tamaño poblacional de las especies competidoras. En el presente estudio evaluamos el efecto de la abundancia poblacional de Akodon azarae sobre los parámetros demográficos de otras especies del ensamble mediante datos de captura-marcado-recaptura (CMR). Además, evaluamos los efectos de la variación temporal, las perturbaciones antropogénicas (quemas), el clima (precipitaciones y temperaturas) y variables endógenas (sexo y abundancia) sobre dichos parámetros. El estudio fue realizado en un terraplén de ferrocarril en el centro de la Argentina, a través de muestreos mensuales de CMR desde noviembre de 2011 hasta mayo de 2014. Estimamos la abundancia usando modelos de Pradel con diseño robusto para poblaciones cerradas. Modelamos las probabilidades de recaptura y sobrevida mediante modelos de Cormack Jolly Seber y las probabilidades de permanencia y tasas de crecimiento poblacional mediante modelos de Pradel. La abundancia de A. azarae disminuyó después de la quema, mientras que las abundancias de M. musculus y C. musculinus aumentaron hasta convertirse en las especies más abundantes. La abundancia de A. azarae no afectó ningún parámetro demográfico de las demás especies del ensamble. Dichos parámetros fueron explicados por la variación temporal, sexo o temperatura. Si bien la quema modificó los números poblaciones durante un período de tiempo corto, no afectó ningún parámetro poblacional. Aunque A. azarae es considerada una especie dominante, no encontramos evidencia de que su abundancia afecte la demografía de las demás especies. Los terraplenes de ferrocarril ofrecerían refugio y alimento a todas las especies durante el año, lo que permitiría evitar la competencia por los recursos disponibles. Sin embargo, las perturbaciones antropogénicas pueden producir cambios en la composición del ensamble permitiendo que especies invasoras como el ratón doméstico se establezcan.

The Province of Córdoba, Argentina, has undergone a marked transformation due to the expan-sion and intensification of agriculture. With almost 9 Mha under crop production from 2014-2015, this prov-ince is one of the main agricultural regions of the country. This agricultural intensification implies increasing agrochemical use, removal of border habitats, replacement of crop-grazing by a double cropping system and landscape homogenization. These factors produce alterations in habitat quality and suitability, and conse-quently have negative effects on biodiversity. The effects of agricultural intensification and farming manage-ment could vary with the degree of habitat specialization of different species. The objective of this work was to describe a state-of-art about the most recent responses of small mammals with different degrees of habitat specialization to land-use intensification and farming management, using data obtained by our research group in agroecosystems of the Córdoba Province. This mammalian group was used as a model due to its important contribution to the maintenance of complex food webs and the sustainability of agroecosystems. The mainte-nance of undisturbed linear habitat networks and implementation of organic farming in intensively managed agricultural landscapes can attenuate the effects of agricultural intensification by providing suitable habitats for small mammal populations, contributing to the maintenance of biodiversity. Moreover, organic farming has a positive effect on female reproductive activity and small mammal abundance. This research contributes to the development of a theoretical framework of Argentinean agroecosystems that combines efficient agricultural land use with biodiversity conservation.

La provincia de Córdoba ha sufrido una marcada intensificación y expansión de la agricul-tura. Con casi 9 Mha sembradas en 2014-2015, es una de las principales provincias productoras del país. Esta intensificación de la agricultura implica un incremento en el uso de agroquímicos, pérdida de hábitats naturales, destrucción de hábitats de bordes, reemplazo de un sistema cultivo-pastoreo por doble cultivo y homogeneización del paisaje. Estos factores producen alteraciones en la calidad y adecuación de los hábitats y tienen efectos negativos sobre la biodiversidad. Los efectos de la intensificación y del manejo agrícola sobre la biodiversidad pueden variar con el grado de especialización de hábitat de diferentes especies. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el estado del arte de la respuesta de pequeños mamíferos con diferente grado de especialización de hábitat a la intensificación en el uso de la tierra y al manejo agrícola, utilizando datos obtenidos por nuestro grupo de investigación en agroecosistemas de Córdoba. Se utilizó este grupo como modelo de estudio debido a su importante contribución al mantenimiento de redes tróficas complejas en agroecosistemas, siendo fundamentales en el mantenimiento de su sustentabilidad. El mantenimiento de una red de hábitats lineales y la implementación del manejo orgánico en paisajes agrícolas manejados intensivamente puede atenuar los efectos de la intensificación agrícola proveyendo hábitats adecuados para las poblaciones de pequeños mamíferos, contribuyendo de esta manera al mantenimiento de la biodiversidad. Además, el manejo orgánico tiene un efecto positivo sobre la actividad reproductiva y la abundancia de especies de este grupo. El conocimiento generado contribuiría al desarrollo de un marco teórico propio para los agroecosistemas argentinos que combine un uso de la tierra eficiente con la conservación de la biodiversidad.

A trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding an exogenous α-amylase-β-glucanase complex produced from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the growth performance, carcass yield, and relative AME bioequivalence in broilers fed corn-soy diets from 1 to 40 d of age. One thousand seven hundred and fifty one-day-old Cobb x Cobb 500 slow-feathering male broilers were randomly allotted to seven treatments with 10 replicates of 25 birds each as follows: control diet (C); C diet with reduction of 60 (C-60), 90 (C-90), or 120 (C-120) kcal AME/kg; C diet with reduction of 120 kcal AME/kg and supplemented with 200 (C-120-200), 300 (C-120-300), or 400 (C-120-400) mg of the enzyme complex/kg. Each g of the enzyme complex corresponded to 200 kilo-Novo α-amylase and 350 fungal β-glucanase units. On d 40, eight birds were randomly taken from each pen and processed to evaluate carcass and commercial cuts yields. Percent mortality was not affected by the treatments (p > 0.05). Live performance, as indicated by BW gain (BWG) linearly decreased (p < 0.05) and FCR linearly increased with the reduction in AME. Birds fed diets supplemented with the enzyme complex showed weekly improvements in BWG and FCR. There were no effects of the treatments on the yield of the carcass or of commercial cuts; however, abdominal fat was significantly lower (p < 0.0343) in birds fed the C-120-400 compared to the C-120 feeding program (1.67% vs. 1.90%); all other treatments were intermediate. Average AME equivalence of the enzyme complex varied weekly. Estimations for the entire period were 40, 46, and 56 kcal for BWG and 58, 76, and 99 kcal AME/kg for FCR (p < 0.001) for the diets containing 200, 300, and 400 mg enzyme complex/kg, respectively.

Muitos estudos relatam o aumento da expressão de S100 A7 (psoriasina) em lesões neoplásicas. Destacam-se trabalhos em carcinoma da mama, espinocelular da bexiga, pele e cavidade oral. Não foi demonstrada expressão da S100 A7 em câncer de laringe. OBJETIVO: Identificar a expressão da proteína ligadora de cálcio S100 A7 e sua correlação com carcinomas espinocelular da laringe. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Amostras de tecido neoplásico de 63 pacientes foram submetidos à imunohis toquímica com o anticorpo S110 A7. Os resultados foram classificados e comparados. RESULTADOS: O grupo bem diferenciado teve a maior pontuação de falha no tratamento. O grupo moderadamente diferenciado apresentou escores mais elevados do que o grupo pouco diferenciado. Pontuações mais altas predominaram nos estágios I e II no grupo moderadamente diferenciado, enquanto a distribuição do escore foi mais homogênea em estados avançados (III e IV). Em relação às falhas no tratamento, o grupo pontuação zero (04/03 complicações: 75%) diferiu significativamente da pontuação restante (13/59: 22%). CONCLUSÕES: A S100 A7 foi expressa em 93,7% dos casos de câncer de laringe, com maior positividade nos tumores mais diferenciados e taxa significativamente menor de falha no tratamento. A pontuação obtida não teve impacto sobre a sobrevivência.

Many studies have reported increased expression of S100 A7 (psoriasin) in neoplastic lesions. Among them are studies on breast carcinoma, bladder squamous cell carcinoma, skin tumors and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of S100 A7 has not been described for laryngeal cancer. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify the expression of the calcium-binding protein S100 A7 and its correlation with squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Specimens from 63 patients were submitted to immunohistochemistry testing with antibody S100 A7. Results were classified and compared. RESULTS: The group with highly differentiated tumors had the highest treatment failure scores. Moderately differentiated tumors had higher treatment failure scores than poorly differentiated tumors. Higher scores were predominantly seen on stages I and II in moderately differentiated tumors, whereas score distribution was more homogeneous in advanced stage disease (III and IV). Regarding failure in treatment, the group scoring zero (3/4 complications: 75%) differed significantly from the remaining groups (13/59: 22%). CONCLUSIONS: S100 A7 marker was expressed in 93.7% of laryngeal cancer cases, with higher positive correlation rates in more differentiated tumors and significantly lower rates of treatment failure. Scores had no impact on survival rates.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características morfológicas e os parâmetros da produção de biomassa, tais como o peso de matéria fresca e seca (FMW e DMW, g/planta), o rendimento da matéria seca (YDM) em termos de ton/ha, o índice de óleo essencial (EOC, mL/100 g) e o rendimento dos óleos essenciais (YEO) expressos em L/ha das plantas Salvia verbenaca, Salvia argentea, Salvia lavandulifolia, Salvia pratensis, Salvia sclarea, Salvia triloba e Salvia officinalis. À exceção de Salvia argentea (S2), todas as demais espécies adaptaram-se às condições de clima do sul do Brasil, com diferenças morfológicas entre as espécies avaliadas. Em termos de DMW e de YDM, S. officinalis foi observada como a mais produtiva com 445,83 g/planta e 11,14 ton/ha. O índice e o rendimento de óleo essencial mais elevado também foi observado em S. officinalis, com 1,99 mL/100g e 221,74 L/ha, respectivamente. A caracterização química dos óleos essenciais obtidos por hidrodestilação foi feita por CG e CG/EM, revelando, para a maioria das espécies estudadas, α e β-tujona, cânfora e 1.8 cineol como compostos principais, já S. sclarea apresentou linalol, acetato linalila e α-terpineol como componentes principais.

The aim of this work is to assess the morphological characteristics and parameters of biomass production, such as fresh and dry matter weight (FMW and DMW, g/plant), yield of dry matter (YDM) in terms of ton/ha, essential oil content (EOC, mL/100 g) and yield of essential oils (YEO) expressed as L/ha of the following plants Salvia verbenaca, Salvia argentea, Salvia lavandulifolia, Salvia pratensis, Salvia sclarea, Salvia triloba and Salvia officinalis. Except for Salvia argentea (S2) all other species have adapted to the south Brazilian climate conditions, with morphological differences among the species evaluated. In terms of DMW and YDM, S. officinalis was found to be the most productive species with 445.83 g/plant and 11.14 ton/ha. The higher essential oil content and yield was observed for S. officinalis, affording 1.99 mL/100 g and 221.74 L/ha, respectively. Chemical characterisation of the essential oils obtained from hydrodistillation was performed through GC and GC/MSD analyses, which revealed for most of the species studied, α e β-thujone, camphor and 1,8-cineole as major compounds, apart from S. sclarea, for which linalool, linalyl acetate and α-terpineol were the major components.

OBJETIVOS: Determinar a relação potência-duração em exercícios de membros superiores (MMSS) e verificar a relação dos parâmetros derivados dessa função com indicadores fisiológicos de aptidão aeróbia. Métodos: Dez homens saudáveis (26,2±2,3 anos, 75,0±11,8 kg, 178,2±11,5 cm e 15,0±5,7% de gordura) realizaram um teste de rampa em cicloergômetro de braço com incrementos de 20 W/min. Posteriormente, cinco testes de carga constante até a exaustão a 70, 80, 90, 95 e 100% da diferença entre LV1 e o VO2pico foram realizados. A potência crítica (PC) foi obtida por meio da linearização da função potência-duração. RESULTADOS: A relação potência-duração foi descrita pela função ajustada (r=0,98±0,02). O VO2 na PC (2,66±0,62 l/min) foi maior do que no LV1 (1,62±0,38 l/min) e LV2 (2,36±0,59 l/min, respectivamente), mas menor do que o VO2pico (3,06±0,62 l/min). A carga da PC (103,0±26,0 W) foi diferente da encontrada em LV1 (69,5±21 W) e VO2pico (151,0±26,3 W), mas não da em LV2 (103,5±30,8 W). A associação entre a PC e esses indicadores de aptidão aeróbia foram todas significantes quando expressas em VO2 (0,73 a 0,78; p<0,05) e em W (0,83 a 0,91; p<0,05). A determinação da PC em exercícios dinâmicos de MMSS é simples e de baixo custo, podendo ser utilizada pelo fisioterapeuta na prescrição e avaliação do treinamento de MMSS. CONCLUSÃO: A relação potência-duração em exercícios com os MMSS pode ser descrita por uma função hiperbólica e está associada a indicadores fisiológicos da aptidão aeróbia.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the power-duration relationship in upper limb exercises and to investigate the relationships between parameters derived from this function with physiological indicators of aerobic fitness. METHODS: Ten healthy men (26.2±2.3 years, 75.0±11.8 kg, 178.2±11.5 cm and 15.0±5.7% body fat) performed a ramped test on an arm cycle ergometer with increments of 20 W/min. Subsequently, five tests with constant load were performed until exhaustion, with 70, 80, 90, 95 and 100% difference between VT1 and VO2peak. The critical power (CP) was obtained by means of linearization of the power-duration function. RESULTS: The power-duration relationship was described using an adjusted function (r=0.98±0.02). The VO2 at CP (2.66±0.62 l/min) was higher than VT1 (1.62±0.38 l/min) and VT2 (2.36±0.59 l/min), but lower than VO2peak (3.06±0.62 l/min). The CP workload (103.0±26 W) was significantly different from VT1 (69.5±21 W) and VO2peak workloads (151.0±26.3), but was no different of VT2 (103.5±30.8 W). The association between critical power and aerobic condition indexes were always significant when expressed as VO2 (0.73 to 0.78, p<0.05) and in W (0.83 to 0.91, p<0.05). Determination of CP in upper-limb dynamic exercises is simple and inexpensive, and can be used by physical therapists for prescribing and evaluating upper-limb training programs. CONCLUSIONS: The power-duration relationship in upper-limb exercises can be described by a hyperbolic function and it is associated with physiological indicators of aerobic fitness.

INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVOS: A Encefalite de Rasmussen (ER) é caracterizada por epilepsia intratável, hemiparesia progressiva e atrofia hemisférica unilateral. A progressão dos sintomas geralmente ocorre em meses ou poucos anos. As drogas antiepilépticas são usualmente ineficazes no controle da progressão da doença e o tratamento cirúrgico, com desconexão hemisférica tem sido considerado o tratamento de escolha. Neste trabalho descreveremos os achados clínicos e eletrográficos, assim como a evolução pós-operatória de pacientes com ER. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: foram incluídos todos os pacientes com ER avaliados no período de janeiro de 1995 a janeiro de 2008, no Centro de Cirurgia de Epilepsia de Ribeirão Preto (CIREP), sendo considerados os dados demográficos, os achados do eletrencefalograma (EEG) interictal e ictal, resultado anatomo-patológico e o seguimento clínico. RESULTADOS: Vinte e cinco pacientes foram avaliados, 13 eram do sexo feminino. A idade média de início da epilepsia foi de 4.4±2.0 anos. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os pacientes com evolução lenta ou rápida considerando-se a idade de início da epilepsia (p=0,79), idade da cirurgia (p=0,24), duração da epilepsia (p=0,06) e tempo de seguimento (p=0,40). Não houve correlação entre a presença de alterações bilaterais ou ausência de descargas ao EEG e o seguimento pós-operatório (p=0,06). Vinte e três pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 75,3 meses. Onze pacientes evoluíram com controle total das crises. Doze pacientes permaneceram com crises que consistiram de clonias faciais sutis (6 pacientes), crises tônico-clônicas hemigeneralizadas ocasionais (3 pacientes) ou crises tônico-clônicas frequentes (3 pacientes). Alterações cognitivas e de linguagem foram observadas em 15 e 12 pacientes após a cirurgia, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: este estudo retrospectivo relatou os achados clínicos, eletrográficos e a evolução de 23 pacientes. Controle satisfatório das crises foi obtido em 14 pacientes. Três pacientes tiveram resposta parcial com a cirurgia e cinco pacientes mantiveram o quadro pré-operatório. Todos os pacientes com envolvimento do hemisfério cerebral esquerdo evoluíram com distúrbio de linguagem e cognitivo.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Rasmussen Encephalitis (RE) is characterized by intractable epilepsy, progressive hemiparesis and unilateral hemispheric atrophy. The progression of the symptoms usually occurs within months to few years. Antiepileptic drugs are usually not effective to control disease progression and epilepsy surgery in the form of hemispheric disconnection has been considered the treatment of choice. This work describes the clinical and electrographic analyses, as well as the post-operative evolution of patients with RE. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This work includes all the patients with RE evaluated from January 1995 to January 2008 by the Ribeirão Preto Epilepsy Surgery Program (CIREP) considering demographic data, interictal and ictal electroencephalographic (EEG) findings; anatomo-pathological findings and clinical outcome. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were evaluated, thirteen were female. Mean age of epilepsy onset was 4.4±2.0 years. There were no differences between patients with slow and fast evolution with respect to age of epilepsy onset (p=0.79), age at surgery (p=0.24), duration of epilepsy (0.06), and follow-up (p=0.40). There were no correlations between the presence of bilateral EEG abnormalities or the absence of spikes and post-operative seizure outcome (p=0.06). Twenty-three patients underwent surgery. The mean follow-up was 75.3 months. Eleven patients had total seizure control. Twelve individuals persisted with seizures consisting of mild facial jerks (6 patients), occasional hemigeneralized tonic-clonic seizures (3 patients), and frequent tonic-clonic seizures (3 patients). Mental and language impairment was observed in 15 and 12 patients, after surgery, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study reported the clinical and electrographic analysis, as well as the evolution of 23 patients with RE. Fourteen patients achieved satisfactory seizure control, three patients had partial response to surgery, and five patients had maintenance of the pre-operative condition. All patients with left side involvement presented with some language and cognitive disturbance.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de microrganismos indicadores e potencialmente patogênicos que indicam as condições higiênico-sanitárias das amostras de leite humano ordenhado coletadas em banco de leite. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas análises microbiológicas de 338 amostras de leite humano ordenhado, sendo 194 de leite cru e 144, pasteurizado, coletadas em banco de leite humano de um hospital materno infantil de Goiânia, GO. As análises microbiológicas foram realizadas com semeadura em ágar Mc Conkey, de acordo com o tipo de bactéria. RESULTADOS: No leite cru, verificou-se a presença de Staphylococcus spp. Streptococcus spp., bolores e leveduras e Enterobacteriaceae. Observou-se que Staphylococcus aureus esteve presente em 10 (5,2%) amostras, Staphylococcus epidermidis em 28 (14,4%), Streptococcus spp. em três (1,6%), bolores e leveduras em 43 (22,2%) e Enterobacteriaceae em 49 (25,3%). Das 144 amostras de leite humano ordenhado pasteurizado, detectaram-se Staphylococcus aureus em cinco (3,5%), Staphylococcus epidermidis em 15 (10,4%), Staphylococcus lugdenensis em duas (1,4%), Streptococcus spp. em quatro (2,8%), bolores e leveduras em 37 (25,7%) e Enterobacteriaceae em nove (6,3%). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostraram um alto grau de contaminação no leite cru. No leite pasteurizado, apesar da eliminação da grande maioria de microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos, a percentagem de bolores e leveduras excedeu a de leite cru, mostrando a necessidade de obtenção de um leite com carga microbiana inicial mais baixa para que a pasteurização seja eficiente no controle microbiológico.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms that indicate the hygienic and sanitary conditions of human milk samples collected at a Human Milk Bank. METHODS: Three hundred and thirty eight (338) samples of human milk collected from a milk bank in a maternity in the municipality of Goiânia, in the state of Goias, Brazil were submitted to microbiological analysis. The latter were plated on McConkey agar according to the type of bacteria. Among the total number of samples collected, 194 consisted of raw milk and the remaining 144 were pasteurized milk. RESULTS: The presence of Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., yeasts and molds, and Enterobacteriaceae was verified in the raw milk samples. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in 10 (5.2%) samples, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 28 (14.4%) samples, Streptococcus spp. in three (1.6%) samples, yeasts and molds in 43 (22.2%) and Enterobacteriaceae in 49 (25.3%) samples. In a hundred and forty four (144) samples which underwent thermal treatment Staphylococcus aureus was detected in five (3.5%) samples, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 15 (10.4%), Staphylococcus lugdenensis in two (1.4%), Streptococcus spp. in four (2.8%), yeasts and molds in 37 (25.7%), and Enterobacteriaceae in nine (6.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Analysis indicated a high degree of contamination in raw human milk, and as for the pasteurized milk, despite elimination of the great majority of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, the percentage of yeasts and molds was higher than in raw milk, demonstrating that a lower degree of initial contamination would be necessary for pasteurization to be an efficient means of microbiological control.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de microrganismos indicadores e potencialmente patogênicos que indicam as condições higiênico-sanitárias das amostras de leite humano ordenhado coletadas em banco de leite. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas análises microbiológicas de 338 amostras de leite humano ordenhado, sendo 194 de leite cru e 144, pasteurizado, coletadas em banco de leite humano de um hospital materno infantil de Goiânia, GO. As análises microbiológicas foram realizadas com semeadura em ágar Mc Conkey, de acordo com o tipo de bactéria. RESULTADOS: No leite cru, verificou-se a presença de Staphylococcus spp. Streptococcus spp., bolores e leveduras e Enterobacteriaceae. Observou-se que Staphylococcus aureus esteve presente em 10 (5,2%) amostras, Staphylococcus epidermidis em 28 (14,4%), Streptococcus spp. em três (1,6%), bolores e leveduras em 43 (22,2%) e Enterobacteriaceae em 49 (25,3%). Das 144 amostras de leite humano ordenhado pasteurizado, detectaram-se Staphylococcus aureus em cinco (3,5%), Staphylococcus epidermidis em 15 (10,4%), Staphylococcus lugdenensis em duas (1,4%), Streptococcus spp. em quatro (2,8%), bolores e leveduras em 37 (25,7%) e Enterobacteriaceae em nove (6,3%). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostraram um alto grau de contaminação no leite cru. No leite pasteurizado, apesar da eliminação da grande maioria de microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos, a percentagem de bolores e leveduras excedeu a de leite cru, mostrando a necessidade de obtenção de um leite com carga microbiana inicial mais baixa para que a pasteurização seja eficiente no controle microbiológico.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms that indicate the hygienic and sanitary conditions of human milk samples collected at a Human Milk Bank. METHODS: Three hundred and thirty eight (338) samples of human milk collected from a milk bank in a maternity in the municipality of Goiânia, in the state of Goias, Brazil were submitted to microbiological analysis. The latter were plated on McConkey agar according to the type of bacteria. Among the total number of samples collected, 194 consisted of raw milk and the remaining 144 were pasteurized milk. RESULTS: The presence of Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., yeasts and molds, and Enterobacteriaceae was verified in the raw milk samples. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in 10 (5.2%) samples, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 28 (14.4%) samples, Streptococcus spp. in three (1.6%) samples, yeasts and molds in 43 (22.2%) and Enterobacteriaceae in 49 (25.3%) samples. In a hundred and forty four (144) samples which underwent thermal treatment Staphylococcus aureus was detected in five (3.5%) samples, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 15 (10.4%), Staphylococcus lugdenensis in two (1.4%), Streptococcus spp. in four (2.8%), yeasts and molds in 37 (25.7%), and Enterobacteriaceae in nine (6.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Analysis indicated a high degree of contamination in raw human milk, and as for the pasteurized milk, despite elimination of the great majority of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, the percentage of yeasts and molds was higher than in raw milk, demonstrating that a lower degree of initial contamination would be necessary for pasteurization to be an efficient means of microbiological control.