Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar a Unidade Hidrográfica do Pirapó, Paranapanema 3 e 4, ressaltando os seus atributos físicos e os processos de uso e ocupação, responsáveis pela estrutura da paisagem atual e pelo estado dos seus recursos hídricos. O reconhecimento da estrutura espacial da paisagem na unidade hidrográfica e nas suas bacias foi obtido por meio da análise integrada dos principais elementos que a compõe: geologia, relevo, solos, clima e uso da terra. A análise mostrou que no interior de cada bacia hidrográfica ocorrem variações na estrutura espacial da paisagem que produzem uma compartimentação interna. Cada compartimento se define por uma estrutura geoecológica, padrões fisionômicos e dinâmicos próprios o que se reflete nas suas potencialidades e vulnerabilidades e nas condições dos seus recursos hídricos, em face das formas de ocupação e uso ao longo do tempo.

The aim of this study is to characterize the Pirapó, Paranapanema 3 and 4 Hydrographic Unit, emphasizing its physical attributes and processes of use and occupation, responsible for the structure of the current landscape and the state of its water resources. The recognition of the landscape’s spatial structure in the hydrographic unit and its drainage basins was obtained by integrated analysis of the main elements that compose it: geology, landforms (hypsometric and slope), soils, climate and land use. Analysis revealed that within each drainage basin several variations in the spatial structure of the landscape occur which produce an internal compartmentalization. Each compartment is defined by its own geo-ecological structure, physiognomic standards and dynamics, reflected in its potentialities and vulnerabilities and in the conditions of water resources in the wake of occupation and use over time.

The paper reports the qualitative and quantitative composition and its antifungal activities of Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link, Lamiaceae, essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of plants collected in Calabria, Southern Italy. The essential oils of 22 samples were analysed by GC-Flame ionization detection and GC/MS. A total of sixty five compounds were identified. Phenols were present in highest percentage (average: 79,03%). Carvacrol was the main component (81,52%-78,40%) in all samples, confirming that T. capitatus is a carvacrol chemotype, according to literature data for this species. This essential oil was also characterized by high level of biogenetic precursor of the phenols: p-cimene (4,98%), γ-terpinene (3,13%) and by β-cariophyllene, were the most abundant sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Antifungal activity against Sclerotium cepivorum Berk., a soil born fungus, was tested. At the concentration of 250 ppm there was no development of fungal mycelium. To our knowledge, studies have never been conducted on Calabria wild populations of T. capitatus essential oil nor were conducted studies on parasitic fungi of specific interest for crops such as Sclerotium cepivorum.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar a adequabilidade do uso de concentrados de óxidos de terras-raras (COTR) para a fabricação de varistores à base de óxido de zinco. COTR e misturas produzidas em laboratório foram utilizados na fabricação de varistores à base de óxido de zinco (ZnO) segundo o método cerâmico. Análises granulométricas, térmicas, química por fluorescência de raios-X e de fases por difração de raios-X foram empregadas na caracterização dos COTR. A caracterização microestrutural dos varistores produzidos foi feita a partir dos resultados de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia de raios-X por dispersão de energia e densimetria, e a caracterização elétrica teve por base os dados de tensão-corrente e tensão-capacitância. Os resultados obtidos mostram que existem perspectivas para a utilização de COTR na fabricação de cerâmicas varistoras à base de ZnO, as quais dependem, essencialmente, da natureza das impurezas ou do grau de refino químico dos COTR empregados. Varistores com coeficientes de não-linearidade entre 12 e 40 foram obtidos, alguns com valores de corrente de fuga comparáveis àqueles característicos de varistores comerciais.

This work has for objective to verify the adequateness of the use of rare-earth oxides concentrated to zinc oxide-based varistor ceramics manufacturing. Rare-earth oxides concentrated and mixtures produced in laboratory had been used in the manufacture of zinc oxide-based varistors in accord to conventional ceramic method. Granulometric and thermal analysis, besides X-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis were used in the characterization of the rare-earth oxides concentrated powders. SEM-EDS analysis and density analysis were used in the microstructural characterization and the electrical characterization was made from voltage-current and voltage-capacitance data. The results obtained show that there are good prospects for the use of rare-earth oxides concentrated in zinc oxide-based varistor ceramics manufacturing, which depend essentially on the nature of the impurities present or on the chemical refine level of the rare-earth oxides concentrated used. Varistor ceramics with non-linearity coefficient between 12 and 40 were obtained, some presenting leakage current values comparable to those presented by commercial varistors.