Abstract The study was aimed to assess the effects of exposure of the “Benihoppe” strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) to La3+ treatment during propagation and rooting in vitro. The results showed that propagation and rooting were inhibited by lower (0.2, 0.5 mg/L) and higher (40.0 mg/L) concentrations of La3+, respectively. Propagation and rooting were promoted by a moderate concentration (1.0, 10.0, and 15.0 mg/L) of La3+, and a concentration of 1.0 mg/L was found to be optimal. Under 1.0 mg/L of La3+ treatment, certain trends associated with changes in the levels of hormones and 12 nutrients, with the exception of Ca, were observed during plant growth in vitro, and a greater balance was observed in the trends associated with changes in the amounts of elements at the rooting stage, as compared to the propagation stage. Furthermore, the elements or hormones with the highest effects on the two stages of propagation were Co and K (positive), and TDZ and Fe (negative), while those that affected the two stages of rooting were S and Zn ( positive), and IAA and Fe (positive). Our findings suggest that the use of 1.0 mg/L of La3+ is cost-effective, and can help achieve strawberry propagation and rooting in vitro.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o efeito do tratamento de lantanídeos na propagação rápida in vitro e no enraizamento do morango “Cara Vermelha”. Os resultados mostram que concentrações menores (0,2; 0,5 mg/L) e maiores (40,0 mg/L) de La3+ inibem a propagação e o enraizamento do morango, respectivamente. As concentrações médias (1,0; 10,0 e 15,0 mg/L) de La3+ promovem a propagação e o enraizamento, sendo 1,0 mg/L a concentração ideal. No tratamento com 1,0 mg/L de La3+, os hormônios e os 12 elementos nutricionais apresentam a mesma tendência, exceto o elemento Ca. As mudanças no estágio de enraizamento mostram um equilíbrio maior em comparação com o estágio de propagação. Além disso, os elementos ou oshormônios que têm a maior influência nos dois estágios de propagação são Co e K(positivos) e TDZ e Fe (negativos), enquanto os elementos ou os hormônios que influenciam os doisestágios de enraizamento são S e Zn (positivos) e IAA e Fe (positivos). Nossos resultadosmostram que o uso de 1,0 mg/L de La3+ é econômico e útil para a propagação in vitro e oenraizamento do morango.

ABSTRACT Ondine's curse Syndrome is a central sleep apnoea syndrome caused by medulla respiratory centre dysfunction, with clinical manifestations such as respiratory dysfunction during wake, difficulty breathing, increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), sleep apnoea or death during sleep. This paper presents a case of a patient, who was confirmed with the diagnosis after clinical analysis, PCO2 comparison and tracking two similar cases in the family. Ondine's curse syndrome is rare and easily missed, and there is no specific drug treatment. The disease prognosis is poor. The treatment of this disease is difficult and the use of mechanical ventilation and diaphragm pacing therapy might exhibit some short-term efficacy. Drug treatment still needs further study; the long-term effect was still not good.

RESUMEN El síndrome de la maldición de Ondina es un síndrome de apnea del sueño central causado por disfunción del centro respiratorio de la médula oblonga, con manifestaciones clínicas tales como disfunción respiratoria durante el despertar, dificultad para respirar, aumento de la presión parcial del dióxido de carbono (PCO2), apnea del sueño, o muerte durante el sueño. Este trabajo presenta el caso de un paciente que fue confirmado con el diagnóstico después de análisis clínicos, comparación de PCO2, y el seguimiento de dos casos similares en la familia. El síndrome de la maldición de Ondina es raro y fácilmente escapa al diagnóstico. No hay medicamento específico para el tratamiento. El pronóstico de la enfermedad es pobre. El tratamiento de esta enfermedad es difícil, pero el uso de la ventilación mecánica y la terapia de estimulación del diafragma pueden tener cierta eficacia a corto plazo. El tratamiento medicamentoso requiere todavía de más estudio; su efecto a largo plazo todavía no es bueno.

In order to study the hot working behaviour of as-cast AZ80 magnesium alloy, a series of isothermal upsetting tests with height reduction of 60% were performed at the temperature range of 523-673 K and the strain rate range of 0.01-10 s-1 on a servo-hydraulic Gleeble-1500 machine simulator. Based on the regression analysis for Arrhenius type equation of flow stress, the activation energy of deformation was determined to be Q = 168.6606 KJ·mol-1, and material constants , n and α in the equation also were calculated respectively to predict the peak stress during hot deformation. A 7th order polynomial was used to represent the influence of strain on these parameters (i.e Q, ln, n and α). The Arrhenius equation was further developed by taking account of the effect of strain on the flow stress to describe the flow behavior during the whole experimental temperature and strain rate range. Then comparison between the predicted results and test results shows that the correlation coefficient and average absolute relative error is 0.99 and 6.63%, respectively. The flow stress predicted by developed equation can give an accurate and precise description of the flow behaviour for AZ80 magnesium alloy.

1-(2-Hidroxietil)piperidina (HEP) está presente em muitos fármacos e em protótipos de fármacos, mas seus mecanismos de oxidação são mal compreendidos. Assim, a reação de oxidação da HEP pelo bis(hidrogenoperiodato)-argentato(III) ([Ag(HIO6)2]5-;) foi investigada em meio alcalino aquoso. Piperidina e formaldeído foram identificados como principais produtos da reação através da técnica de espectrometria de massa com ionização electrospray. A cinética de oxidação foi acompanhada espectrofotometricamente no intervalo de temperatura de 25,0 a 40,0 ºC, verificando-se que a reação é de primeira ordem em [Ag(III)] e de ordem fracionária em [HEP]. O estudo da dependência das constantes de velocidade k obsd em relação a [OHˉ] e [IO4ˉ]tot (concentração de periodato total) possibilitou estabelecer uma lei de velocidade e propor um mecanismo de reação. O mecanismo envolve a formação do complexo ternário periodato-Ag(III)-HEP, seguido de sua decomposição a Ag(I) através de dois caminhos: um independente e outro facilitado por OH-. As constantes de velocidade e de equilíbrio bem como os parâmetros de ativação correspondentes às etapas determinantes de velocidade foram calculados.

1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperidine (HEP) is involved in many drugs and drug leads, but its oxidation mechanisms are poorly understood. The oxidation of HEP by bis(hydrogenperiodato)-argentate(III) ([Ag(HIO6)2]5-;) in aqueous alkaline medium was shown, by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), to generate piperidine and formaldehyde as the major products. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically in the 25.0 to 40.0 ºC range revealing that the oxidation followed a first-order kinetics in [Ag(III)] and a fractional-order in [HEP]. A rate law and a reaction mechanism were proposed based on the study of the dependency of the pseudo-first-order rate constants, k obsd, on [OHˉ] and on [IO4ˉ]tot (total concentration of periodate). The mechanism involves the formation of a periodato-Ag(III)-HEP ternary complex, whose decomposition generates Ag(I) by means of two pathways: one independent and another facilitated by OHˉ. The reaction rate constants and associated equilibrium constants as well as the activation parameters of the rate-determining steps were calculated.

Lutein supplements are often used to pigment and enrich layer chicken eggs. This experiment was conduced to compare the bioavailability of free and esterified lutein, by depletion method. Forty chickens were randomly divided into two groups. After 2 weeks of washout period, when all birds were fed the same low lutein basal diet, the two groups were fed for another 2 weeks with diets supplemented with free lutein or esterified lutein. Two experimental diets were supplemented with the same amount of 15 mg lutein/kg. On day 0 (baseline) and days 3, 7, and 14, birds fasting morning plasma samples were collected and stored for lutein analysis by high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC). Results showed that: 1) Plasma lutein concentration increased dramatically after feeding free or esterified lutein; 2) Plasma lutein level in birds fed the diet supplemented with free lutein significantly differed from those fed esterified lutein on day 3. 3) There were no significant differences in plasma lutein levels between free lutein and esterified lutein on days 7 and 14. In conclusion, the lutein bioavailability from free lutein or esterified lutein supplements was comparable.

Excessive and inappropriate application of industrial N fertilizer can result in severe environmental and ecological problems, but whether the input of N fertilizer could affect the composition of mineral elements in corn has not been reported. Effects of input of N fertilizer on the composition of mineral elements (Se, Mo, I, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, Cr, K, Na, and Mg), in corn grain were investigated by ICP-MS (inductive coupling plasma-mass spectrometry). Se, I, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, K and Ca were significantly lower in the treatments with N fertilizer compared to a control without N fertilizer. There was a significant negative conrrelation (R) between four mineral elements and N fertilizer input: I, -0.71; Zn, -0.65; Ca, -0.75; K, -0.89. Therefore appropriate reduction of N fertilizer input cannot only prevent environmental problems from excessive application of industrial N fertilizer, besides it might reduce the problem of malnutrition induced by mineral elements deficiency.

La aplicación excesiva e inapropiada de fertilizante comercial nitrogenado (N) puede ocasionar graves problemas ambientales y ecológicos; sin embargo, no se ha reportado si la aplicación de fertilizante N puede afectar la composición de los elementos minerales en el maíz. Los efectos de la aplicación de fertilizante N en la composición de los elementos minerales en los granos de maíz (Se, Mo, I, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, Cr, K, Na, y Mg) se analizaron mediante espectrometría de masas con plasma acoplado por inducción (ICP-MS, por sus siglas en inglés). Se, I, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, K y Ca fueron significativamente inferiores en los tratamientos con fertilizante N comparado con un control sin fertilizante N. Hubo una correlación (R) negativa significativa entre cuatro elementos minerales y fertilizantes N: I, -0.71; Zn, -0.65; Ca, -0.75; K, -0.89. Por tanto, la reducción apropiada de la adición de fertilizante N puede no sólo evitar problemas ambientales debidos a la aplicación excesiva de fertilizante comercial N, sino que además podría disminuir la desnutrición causada por la deficiencia de elementos minerales.