ABSTRACT A large set of variables is assessed for progeny selection in a plant-breeding program and other agronomic fields. The meta-analysis of the coefficient of variation (CVe) produces information for researchers and breeders on the experimental quality of trials. This analysis can also be applied in the decision-making process of the experimental plan regarding the experimental design, the number of repetitions, and the treatments and plants/progenies to be measured. In this study, we evaluated the dataset distribution and the descriptive statistics of CVe through the Frequentist and Bayesian approaches, aiming to establish the credibility and confidence intervals. We submitted CVe data of ten wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) traits reported in 1,068 articles published to the Bayesian and Frequentist analyses. Sample data were analyzed via Gamma and normal models. We selected the model with the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value, and then we tested three link functions. In the Bayesian analysis, uniform distributions were used as non-informative priors for the Gamma distribution parameters with three ranges of q~U (a,b,). Thus, the prior probability density function was given by: p θ = 1 β - α , θ ∈ α , β . The Bayesian and Frequentist approaches with the Gamma model presented similar results for CVe; however, the range Bayesian credible intervals was narrower than the Frequentist confidence intervals. Gamma distribution fitted the CVe data better than the normal distribution. The credible and confidence intervals of CVe were successfully applied to wheat traits and could be used as experimental accuracy measurements in other experiments.

Abstract Histological effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were observed in Chironomus sancticaroli larvae which underwent acute exposure. 2,2′,4-triBDE (BDE-17), 2,2′,4,4′-tetraBDE (BDE-47) and 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentaBDE (BDE-99) were evaluated at 0.5, 2.0 and 20 μg L-1. Cytoplasm vacuolisation of oenocytes was observed in the larvae exposed to BDE-17 and BDE-47. Cuénot cells were disrupted at the brush border as an effect of the three evaluated congeners highlighting BDE-47 at 2.0 μg L-1; 60% of larvae displayed this disruption. The midgut showed changes in the morphology of apex cells located next to the lumen of region I exposed to BDE-17 and BDE-47, while BDE-99 induced a narrowing of the lumen diameter. Significant cytoplasm vacuolisation of the larvae exposed to BDE-47 and BDE-99 was observed in region II of the midgut. Salivary glands showed acidophilic granules in the cytoplasm exposed to BDE-17 and BDE-47. The results showed that the tissues of C. sancticaroli were sensitive to flame retardants; these histopathologies can compromise the health and physiology of this organism, highlighting the concern with the presence of PBDEs in freshwater sediments.

O gênero Capsicum compreende um rico gênero em aspectos morfológicos e genéticos. Estudos de diversidade genética ligada a este gênero são necessários para maior compreensão sobre as espécies, além de descobertas sobre novas informações em bancos de germoplasma de Capsicum. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a variabilidade genética de três espécies do Capsicum (9 acessos) oriundas do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal do Piauí (BAGC). Para isso, utilizou-se da técnica de eletroforese de isoenzimas em gel de amido para a análise de cinco sistemas isoenzimáticos (ACP, GPI, IDH, MDH e PGM). Foram detectados sete loci enzimáticos e 13 alelos, sendo que cinco alelos foram exclusivos, três presentes na população de C. annuum var. glabriusculum (Gpi(c), Idh(a) e Acp(b)) e os demais na população de C. baccatum var. pendulum (Pgm-1(b) e Pgm-2(b)). Todas as populações apresentaram loci polimórficos. O número médio de alelos por locus variou entre 1,4286 e 1. As identidades e as distâncias genéticas de Nei (1972) calculadas demonstraram uma diferenciação entre as espécies. O dendrograma de UPGMA construído demonstrou que as populações foram agrupadas em dois conjuntos: C. annuum var. glabriusculum+C. chinense e C. baccatum var. pendulum. Concluímos portanto, que a diversidade genética dos acessos analisados é baixa e que os métodos utilizados nesta pesquisa são eficazes na diferenciação de espécies de Capsicum, comprovando assim a grande diversidade presente no gênero Capsicum.

The genus Capsicum comprises richness in morphological and genetic aspects. Studies of genetic diversity about this kind of genus are necessary to a further understanding about species, besides discoveries about new information in Capsicum germplasm banks. This study aimed to analyze the genetic variability of three species of Capsicum (9 accessions) from the Active Germplasm Bank of the Federal University of Piaui (BAGC). We used the technique of isozyme electrophoresis in starch gel for the analysis of five isozyme systems (ACP, GPI, IDH, MDH and PGM). As a result seven enzymatic loci and 13 alleles were detected, considering that, five alleles were exclusive, three were in the C. annuum var. glabriusculum (Gpi(c), Idh(a) and Acp(b)) sample, and the others were found in the C. baccatum var. pendulum (Pgm-1(b) and Pgm-2(b)) sample. All samples had polymorphic loci. The average number of alleles per locus varied between 1.4286 and 1. The calculated identities and Nei (1972) genetic distance showed a differentiation among the species. The constructed UPGMA dendrogram showed that the samples were grouped into two sets: C. annuum var. glabriusculum + C. chinense and C. baccatum var. pendulum. Therefore we concluded that the genetic diversity in the analyzed accessions is low and the methods used in this study are effective to differentiate species of Capsicum, proving the great diversity present in the genus Capsicum.