Abstract To produce polysaccharide-based hydrogels and cerium (Ce3+) doped hydroxyapatite plus chitosan and collagen to enable future applications in the treatment of joint degeneration. Hydrogel production and characterization were performed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and cytotoxicity testing with MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]. A final biomaterial composition was Kelcogel® Gelana (58%), chitosan (22.3%), Ce3+ doped hydroxyapatite (10.7%) and bovine collagen (9%), or selected aspect material gelatinous physical color with whitish color and can be injected. The biomaterial composition was proven in the FTIR and TGA, which also provided the maximum supported temperature. In the MTT assay, despite the reduction in viability of the experimental group compared to the control group, cell viability remained approximately 90%. In the FTIR and TGA tests, the material composition was proven. The material does not present cytotoxic behavior for the MTT test, being an alternative for the treatment of joint diseases.

RESUMO Para conhecer o sistema aquífero na área de Proteção Ambiental do Maracanã foram coletadas amostras de água em quatro campanhas; a primeira no período seco e as outras no período chuvoso seguinte. Foram analisados nas águas amostradas onze parâmetros hidroquímicos CE, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, NO3-, Fe e P. A análise de agrupamentos separou os poços na área, identificando três grupos distintos que explotam águas com condutividade elétrica nas faixas de 230 a 400 µS/cm, 87 a 210 µS/cm e 22 a 64 µS/cm; os dados mostraram predominância de águas cloretadas sódicas e recarga rápida. Com estes resultados e identificação de processos geoquímicos determinados pelas mudanças nas concentrações de Fe e P foi possível desenvolver um modelo que identificou os aquíferos do sistema de aquíferos explotado por cada poço.

ABSTRACT To better know the aquifer system in the Maracanã Environmental Protection Area were collected samples in four campaigns; the first during the drought season and the others in the following rainy one. The water samples were analised for eleven hydrochemical parameters, CE, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, NO3-, Fe and P. Cluster analysis separated the wells in the area, identifing three different groups that exploit water with electrical conductivity in the ranges of 230 to 400 μS/cm, 87 to 210 μS/cm, and 22 to 64 μS/cm, respectively. Data show a predominance of sodium chlorinated water. With these results and identification of geochemical processes determined by changes in concentrations of Fe and P it was possible to develop a model that identifies the aquifer of the aquifer system exploited by each well.

To understand the geographic distribution of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, both the climatic niches of Lutzomyia longipalpis and VL cases were analysed. Distributional data were obtained from 55 of the 79 counties of MS between 2003-2012. Ecological niche models (ENM) of Lu. longipalpis and VL cases were produced using the maximum entropy algorithm based on eight climatic variables. Lu. longipalpis showed a wide distribution in MS. The highest climatic suitability for Lu. longipalpis was observed in southern MS. Temperature seasonality and annual mean precipitation were the variables that most influenced these models. Two areas of high climatic suitability for the occurrence of VL cases were predicted: one near Aquidauana and another encompassing several municipalities in the southeast region of MS. As expected, a large overlap between the models for Lu. longipalpis and VL cases was detected. Northern and northwestern areas of MS were suitable for the occurrence of cases, but did not show high climatic suitability for Lu. longipalpis . ENM of vectors and human cases provided a greater understanding of the geographic distribution of VL in MS, which can be applied to the development of future surveillance strategies.

Este ensaio desenvolveu reflexões sobre possíveis avanços teórico-metodológicos na concepção de corpo e infância, a partir da consideração da existência da interconexão entre natureza e cultura. Inicialmente, examinamos os elementos das concepções dualistas, as quais se mostravam insuficientes para a compreensão da relação entre corpo e infância, seja pelo fato de focarem suas deduções apenas nas diferenças e semelhanças biológicas do corpo, seja por debruçarem-se exclusivamente em determinações culturais. Pautados nos estudos da Sociologia da Infância e em outros de base filosófica, buscamos delinear uma possível concepção crítica da relação entre infância e corpo que a compreendesse, concomitantemente, como construção cultural e biológica. Além disso, ainda que breves, acabamos redigindo, também, alguns desdobramentos da reflexão realizada para a prática dos educadores que trabalham em instituições educativas.

This essay provides reflections on the possible theoretical and methodological developments in devising Body and Childhood by considering the existence of an interconnection between character and culture. Initially we reviewed the details of the duality concept, which proved insufficient for the understanding of the relationship between body and childhood, either because of focusing their deductions just on the difference and similarity of the biology of the body, or in addressing to cultural determinations, eventually leading to some reductionism. Based on studies of childhood sociology and on childhood philosophy, we seek to outline a possible critical conception of the relationship between childhood and body to, at the same time, understand it as a cultural and biological diversity. Moreover, this paper also discusses, although superficially, some ramifications of thought developed for the practice of teachers working at educational institutions.