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Penicillium meliponae, a recently described and rare species, was isolated as an endophytic fungus from the Amazonian plant Duguetia sthelechantha, and has been proven to be a pigment producer. Considering the high productivity of this species and the lack of data on its chemical composition, the present study aimed to characterize the chemical profile of P. meliponae and evaluate the influence of agitation and the use of different culture media. For this purpose, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and molecular networking were used, allowing the identification of 17 azaphilone molecules with sclerotiorin-like skeletons, becoming the first chemical report of this species. In addition, the different production patterns in the tested culture media were indicative that this species is sensitive to changes in the composition of the carbon source and to the presence of agitation. Furthermore, this work contributes to the fragmentation mechanisms of the different possible structural arrangements for azaphilones of the sclerotiorin type and serves as a repository of information on the gas-phase behavior of this type of metabolite in mass spectrometry experiments and will assist future studies aimed at the discovery of azaphilones.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230027

Low-Temperature Partitioning: A Simple Screening Method for Determining Diethylene Glycol in Beer by Gas Chromatography
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Azevedo, Mariane M.

; Miranda, Liany D. L.

; Queiroz, Maria Eliana L. R. de

; Oliveira, André F. de

; Pereira, Alexandre F.

; Neves, Antônio A.

; Silva, Thaís L. R.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Mar 2023, Volume 34 Nº 3 Páginas 452 - 460

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Diethylene glycol is an extremely toxic substance to humans. Recently, cases of beer contamination in Brazil have raised awareness of the need for developing simple screening methods to evaluate this type of compound. This research developed a liquid-liquid extraction with low-temperature partitioning technique to determine diethylene glycol in beer via gas chromatography. Employing a flame-ionization detector simplifies the method, lowers its cost and therefore, it can be used as screening step to assess the possibility of contamination. A gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer would be used only for a confirmatory analysis. The optimized method was validated for the main figures of merit, and it proved to be adequate, with good values of recovery rate (94-106%), limit of detection (3.0 mg L-1), and quantification (10.0 mg L-1). Accuracy, in terms of repeatability and intermediate accuracy, showed variation coefficients lower than or equal to 20%. This method was applied to 28 samples of beers marketed in Brazil, and diethylene glycol was found above the limit of detection in three of them (10.7%). These results were confirmed by a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer, which showed the reliability of the screening method for determining diethylene glycol in beer samples.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220123

Particleboard Composite Made from Pinus and Eucalyptus Residues and Polystyrene Waste Partially Replacing the Castor Oil-Based Polyurethane as Binder
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Rodrigues, Felipe R.

; Bispo, Rodrigo A.

; Cazell, Pedro Henrique

; Silva, Michael Jones

; Christoforo, André L.

; Silva, Sergio A. M.

Materials Research

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2023, Volume 26 Supl. 1 elocation e20220594

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

In Brazil, native forests and replanted forests are poorly managed, and there is concern about reusing plastic residues as well. These two factors play a significant role in the impacts on the environment in the past decades. In this study, the influence of polystyrene (PS) waste partially replacing polyurethane (PUR) as a binder for wood particles (Pinus taeda L. and Eucalyptus saligna) was examined on the physicomechanical and thermal properties of homogeneous particleboards. For the production of particleboard composite, the moisture content of wood particles was set at 2%. A variety of physicomechanical characteristics were evaluated, including density, moisture content, swelling in thickness after 24 hours of immersion in water, rupture modulus (MOR) and elasticity modulus (MOE). Increasing PS relative to PUR decreased MOR and MOE properties in particleboard composite specimens. Thermal analysis shows that replacing PUR with PS in particleboard composite specimens has not adversely affected the thermal stability, and even less its thermal profile of specimens. ABNT NBR standards were exceeded by particleboard composite-based panels, but ANSI standards were met, indicating their potential application. As a result of this study, PS waste could be used as a binder for particleboards and composite materials manufactured from pinus and eucalyptus wood chips in place of PUR.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2022-0594

Silver Nanocatalyst Supported on Waste-Based Polystyrene Foam for Thermal and Plasmonic Reduction of p-Nitrophenol
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Silva, Welida T. A. da

; Assis, Geovânia C. de

; Jesus, Roberta A. de

; Motta, Rayssa J. B.

; Ferreira, Luiz Fernando R.

; Ruiz, Yolice Patricia M.

; Galembeck, André

; Schneider, Ricardo

; Oliveira, Rodrigo J. de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2023, Volume 34 Nº 9 Páginas 1317 - 1332

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Disposal of plastics into the environment has been one of the major problems for the environment. The accumulation of polystyrene (PS) occurs in an accelerated way and, therefore, its reuse is challenging. Polystyrene nanocomposites impregnated with Ag nanoparticles (PS/AgNP) are generated from polystyrene residues and can be applied in the catalytic and plasmonic photo-catalytic reduction of phenolic compounds such as p-nitrophenol (PNP) to p-aminophenol (PAP). The AgNP were synthesized by a reverse micelle method resulting in nanoparticles with sizes in a range of 31.1-34.0 nm. The organocolloid was characterized by UV Vis and dynamic light scattering (DLS), demonstrating the preparation of spherical nanoparticles. The preparation of the PS/AgNP, obtained using a thermally induced phase separation method (TIPS), was confirmed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and Fourier transform visible infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Nanocomposites showed impressive performance in the catalytic and plasmonic photocatalytic reduction under blue light irradiation, reaching up to 98% conversion, being a promising material for wastewater treatment as well as other various environmental issues. We used blue light to observe the plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles, and no previous reports of this composite for PNP reduction using blue light photocatalysis were found.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230044

Herpetofauna of protected areas in the Caatinga VIII: An updated checklist for the Serra das Confusões region with new data from Serra Vermelha, Piauí, Brazil
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Marques, Ricardo

; Garda, Adrian A.

; Furtado, Adriana P.

; Bruinjé, Andre C.

; Protázio, Arielson dos S.

; de Carvalho, Breno F.

; Vieira, Cecília R.

; Gomes, Dandara

; Pantoja, Davi L.

; Figueiredo, Diainara da S.

; Shepard, Donald B.

; Camurugi, Felipe

; Coelho, Felipe E. A.

; Magalhães, Felipe M.

; Caetano, Gabriel H. O.

; Colli, Guarino R.

; Paulino, Henrique M.

; Carvalho, Izabelle T. S.

; Graciene, Joedma

; Alvarenga, Júlio M.

; Clay, Natalie A.

; Albuquerque, Ralph L.

; Bosque, Renan J.

; Faria, Renato

; da Silveira-Filho, Ricardo R.

; Mângia, Sarah

; Cavalcante, Vitor H. G. L.

; Vieira, Washington L. S.

; da Silva, Willianilson P.

; Soares, Yan F. F.

; Mesquita, Daniel O.

Biota Neotropica

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2023, Volume 23 Nº 4 elocation e20231520

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract It is repeatedly stressed the need to characterize the extant biodiversity in tropical ecosystems. However, inventory studies are still progressing slowly in dry ecosystems, leading to the underestimation of their true biodiversity and hindering conservation efforts. In this study, we present primary and secondary data, along with an updated list of amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the São Francisco-Gurguéia region in Piauí. Additionally, we compare the species composition between nine areas within the Caatinga, which were sampled using standardized methods over the past ten years, to examine broader spatial patterns of community composition. To survey reptiles and amphibians, we employed similar methods and sampling efforts in two areas within the Serra das Confusões National Park (SCNP) region. Our surveys recorded a total of 73 species of amphibians and reptiles, of which 24 are new distribution records for the SCNP region. Consequently, our findings increase the known herpetofauna in the region to 94 species. Despite their proximity, the two sites in the SCNP region exhibited only 42% similarity in species composition, and they differed significantly from other areas within the Caatinga. Furthermore, even the closer Caatinga areas presented differences in species composition, highlighting the necessity to evaluate biodiversity across the landscape and contribute to understanding biogeographic patterns.

Resumo É repetidamente enfatizada a necessidade de caracterizar a biodiversidade vivente em ecossistemas tropicais. No entanto, os estudos de inventário ainda estão progredindo lentamente em ecossistemas secos, levando à subestimação de sua verdadeira biodiversidade e dificultando os esforços de conservação. Neste estudo, apresentamos dados primários e secundários, juntamente com uma lista atualizada de anfíbios e répteis de duas localidades na região de São Francisco-Gurguéia, do Piauí. Além disso, comparamos a composição de espécies entre nove áreas dentro da Caatinga, que foram amostradas usando métodos padronizados nos últimos dez anos, para examinar padrões espaciais mais amplos de composição da comunidade. Para estudar répteis e anfíbios, utilizamos métodos e esforços de amostragem semelhantes em duas áreas na região do Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões (PNSC). Nossos levantamentos registraram um total de 73 espécies de anfíbios e répteis, das quais 24 são novos registros de distribuição para a região do PNSC. Consequentemente, nossos resultados aumentam a herpetofauna conhecida na região para 94 espécies. Apesar da proximidade, os dois locais na região do PNSC exibiram apenas 42% de similaridade na composição de espécies e diferiram significativamente de outras áreas dentro da Caatinga. Mesmo áreas mais próximas da Caatinga apresentaram diferenças na composição de espécies, destacando a necessidade de avaliar a biodiversidade em toda a paisagem e contribuir para a compreensão de padrões biogeográficos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2023-1520

Calcium pyruvate as a salt stress mitigator in yellow passion fruit seedlings
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Silva, Francisco de A. da

; Dias, Mirandy dos S.

; Fernandes, Pedro D.

; Lacerda, Cassiano N. de

; Silva, André A. R. da

; Marcelino, Aline D. A. de L.

; Lima, Andrezza M. de

; Barbosa, Daniela D.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Nov 2022, Volume 26 Nº 11 Páginas 763 - 770

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Embora a região semiárida do Nordeste brasileiro seja uma grande produtora de maracujá amarelo, os problemas de sais no solo e nas fontes hídricas, em muitas áreas, têm limitado o crescimento e a produção dessa cultura, o que realça a importância de estudos visando a reduzir tais efeitos. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com este estudo, avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar de piruvato, como mitigador do estresse salino, sobre a morfofisiologia do maracujazeiro cv. Redondo Amarelo, em fase de mudas. Os tratamentos constaram de três condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (CEa: 0,8, 2,4 e 4,0 dS m-1) e três concentrações de piruvato (0, 25 e 50 mM), distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 × 3, com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela. A irrigação com águas de CEa de 4,0 dS m-1 reduz as variáveis de crescimento, fitomassa, indice de qualidade de Dickson e aumenta o extravasamento de eletrólitos em mudas de maracujazeiro cv. Redondo Amarelo. A aplicação exógena de piruvato de cálcio (25 e 50 mM) favorece as variáveis de crescimento, fitomassa, indice de qualidade de Dickson, teor relativo de água, suculência foliar e reduz o extravasamento de eletrólitos no limbo foliar do maracujá. A aplicação exógena de piruvato atenua o estresse salino, com efeitos benéficos na taxa de assimilação de CO2, transpiração, eficiência da carboxilação instantânea, eficiência intrínseca do uso da água e massa seca das raízes.

ABSTRACT Although the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil is a major producer of yellow passion fruit, the problems of salts in the soil and water sources, in many areas have limited the growth and production of this crop, which highlights the importance of studies aimed at reducing such effects. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of pyruvate, as a mitigator of salt stress, on the morphophysiology of yellow passion fruit, in seedling phase. The treatments consisted of three electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw: 0.8, 2.4, and 4.0 dS m-1) and three concentrations of pyruvate (0, 25, and 50 mM), distributed in a randomized block experimental design in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replications and two plants per plot. Irrigation with ECw of 4.0 dS m-1 reduces growth variables, phytomass, Dickson quality index, and increases electrolyte leakage in passion fruit seedlings cv. Redondo Amarelo. Exogenous application of calcium pyruvate (25 and 50 mM) increased growth, phytomass, Dickson quality index, relative water content and leaf succulence and reduced electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade in passion fruit. Exogenous application of pyruvate attenuates salt stress, with beneficial effects on CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, intrinsic water use efficiency, and root dry mass.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n11p763-770

Neurocircuit models of obsessive-compulsive disorder: limitations and future directions for research
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Shephard, Elizabeth

; Batistuzzo, Marcelo C.

; Hoexter, Marcelo Q.

; Stern, Emily R.

; Zuccolo, Pedro F.

; Ogawa, Carolina Y.

; Silva, Renata M.

; Brunoni, Andre R.

; Costa, Daniel L.

; Doretto, Victoria

; Saraiva, Leonardo

; Cappi, Carolina

; Shavitt, Roseli G.

; Simpson, H. Blair

; van den Heuvel, Odile A.

; Miguel, Euripedes C.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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Abr 2022, Volume 44 Nº 2 Páginas 187 - 200

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric condition classically characterized by obsessions (recurrent, intrusive and unwanted thoughts) and compulsions (excessive, repetitive and ritualistic behaviors or mental acts). OCD is heterogeneous in its clinical presentation and not all patients respond to first-line treatments. Several neurocircuit models of OCD have been proposed with the aim of providing a better understanding of the neural and cognitive mechanisms involved in the disorder. These models use advances in neuroscience and findings from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies to suggest links between clinical profiles that reflect the symptoms and experiences of patients and dysfunctions in specific neurocircuits. Several models propose that treatments for OCD could be improved if directed to specific neurocircuit dysfunctions, thereby restoring efficient neurocognitive function and ameliorating the symptomatology of each associated clinical profile. Yet, there are several important limitations to neurocircuit models of OCD. The purpose of the current review is to highlight some of these limitations, including issues related to the complexity of brain and cognitive function, the clinical presentation and course of OCD, etiological factors, and treatment methods proposed by the models. We also provide suggestions for future research to advance neurocircuit models of OCD and facilitate translation to clinical application.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1709

Evapotranspiration, crop coefficient and water use efficiency of onion cultivated under different irrigation depths
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Matsunaga, Wendy K.

; Silva, Vicente de P. R. da

; Amorim, Victória P.

; Sales, Eliton S. G.

; Dantas, Sílvia M.

; Oliveira, André B.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Mar 2022, Volume 26 Nº 3 Páginas 219 - 225

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou determinar a evapotranspiração da cultura através do balanço de água no solo, o coeficiente de cultivo e a eficiência do uso da água da cebola (Allium cepa L.) em um sistema com quatro regimes de irrigação, cultivada no semiárido nordestino. Foram realizados dois experimentos de campo durante os períodos chuvoso e seco da região no ano de 2018, utilizando-se os tratamentos de 100% (T1), 75% (T2), 50% (T3) e 25% (T4) da evapotranspiração de referência para reposição hídrica diária e cinco repetições para cada tratamento. Verificou-se que a evapotranspiração da cultura varia de acordo com a disponibilidade hídrica no solo, entretanto, a maior eficiência do uso da água ocorreu para o tratamento T3. O tratamento T1 obteve a maior produtividade estimada em 43.86 tons ha-1 e T4 com 13.47 tons ha-1, a menor produtividade estimada entre os tratamentos. Essa diferença foi estatisticamente significativa (p ≤ 0,05) pelo teste F. Os valores do coeficiente de cultivo obtidos foram de 0,68; 0,89; 0,99 e 0,73 para as fases inicial, vegetativo, bulbificação e maturação, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine crop evapotranspiration through the soil water balance, the crop coefficient and water use efficiency of the onion (Allium cepa L.) in a system with four irrigation regimes, cultivated in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Two field experiments were carried out during the rainy and dry periods of the region in 2018, using the treatments of 100% (T1), 75% (T2), 50% (T3) and 25% (T4) of the reference evapotranspiration for daily water replacement and five replicates for each treatment. It was verified that crop evapotranspiration varies according to the water availability in the soil; however, the highest water use efficiency occurred for the T3 treatment. The T1 treatment obtained the highest estimated yield, 43.86 tons ha-1, while T4 obtained 13.47 tons ha-1, the lowest estimated yield among the treatments, and this difference was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) by F test. The crop coefficients obtained were 0.68, 0.89, 0.99 and 0.73 for the initial, vegetative, bulbing and maturation stages, respectively.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n3p219-225

Sociodemographic and clinical profile of crack cocaine treatment-seeking individuals living in “Crackland”, Brazil
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Miguel, André Q. C.

; Simões, Viviane

; Yamauchi, Rodolfo

; Madruga, Clarice S.

; da Silva, Claudio J.

; Laranjeira, Ronaldo R.

; Roll, John M.

; Smith, Crystal L.

; McPherson, Sterling M.

; Mari, Jair J.

Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria

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Mar 2022, Volume 71 Nº 1 Páginas 50 - 55

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Localizada em São Paulo, a Cracolândia é o maior e mais antigo cenário aberto de uso de drogas do Brasil. Ainda assim, pouco se sabe sobre o perfil dos indivíduos que vivem nessa região e buscam tratamento para crack . O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi descrever características demográficas e clínicas de usuários de crack vivendo na região da Cracolândia que estão em busca de tratamento. Métodos: Noventa e oito indivíduos foram avaliados para transtornos por uso de substâncias do DSM-V, padrão de uso de substâncias, impulsividade e sintomatologia psiquiátrica. O uso recente de crack também foi determinado por meio de coleta de amostras toxicológicas. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram grave vulnerabilidade social, com significativas prevalências de falta de moradia (46,9%), moradia instável (50%), desemprego (60,4%) e abandono escolar precoce (27,5%). A idade média de início do uso de crack foi de 20 anos (DP = 6,9) e a duração média do uso contínuo do crack foi de 15 anos (DP = 9,7). A maioria dos participantes apresentou alguma comorbidade psiquiátrica, particularmente transtorno por uso de álcool (87,8%), bem como altas taxas de sintomatologia psiquiátrica e impulsividade. Mais da metade da amostra relatou pelo menos uma tentativa anterior de tratamento por internação (73,5%) e ambulatorial (65,3%). Conclusão: Os achados desse estudo permitem um maior entendimento do perfil e das necessidades de usuários de crack vivendo na região da Cracolândia e podem ajudar serviços de saúde especializados em dependência química a promoverem uma assistência mais direcionada às demandas específicas dessa população.

ABSTRACT Objective: São Paulo‘s Crackland is the biggest and oldest open drug use scene in Brazil, yet little is known about the profile of crack cocaine treatment-seeking individuals living in this region. The aim of this crossectional study was to describe the demographics and clinical characteristics of treatment-seeking crack users living in the Crackland region. Methods: A sample of nighty eight individuals were screened for DSM-V substance use disorders, including substance use, impulsiveness, and psychiatric symptoms. Recent crack cocaine use was also tested using biologic specimens. Results: Results indicated severe social vulnerability, as participants experienced high rates of homelessness (46.9%), unstable housing (50%), unemployment (60.4%) and early school drop-out (27.5%). The average age of crack use onset was 20 years (SD = 6.9) and the mean duration of continuous crack use was 15 years (SD = 9.7). Most participants presented with concomitant mental health disorders, particularly alcohol use disorder (87.8%), as well high rates of psychiatric symptomatology and impulsiveness. More than half of the sample reported at least one previous inpatient (73.5%) and outpatient (65.3%) addiction treatment attempt. Conclusion: This population profile should inform mental healthcare services, promoting the provision of tailored assistance by targeting specific demands at all levels of treatment.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000362

10.

Evaluation of Flow Accelerated Corrosion in Typical Recovery Boiler Environments of Energy Production Industries
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Moreira, Rogaciano M.

; Almeida, Tatiana C.

; Bandeira, Merlin C. E.

; Assunção, Felipe R. S.

; Carvalho, Juliana F. A.

; Silva, Elaine F.

; Verbicario, João V. T.

; Mattos, Oscar R.

; Oliveira, Jefferson R.

; Bonfim, André L. C.

; Novgorodecev, André R.

Materials Research

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2022, Volume 25 Supl. 1 elocation e20210520

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) is a steel degradation that occurs in heat recovery steam generators in the power industry. The mechanism of this corrosion comprises an electrochemical dissolution of the semi-protective magnetite layer (Fe3O4) that is formed within the pipes employed in the boilers. The FAC is influenced by different factors such as fluid velocity, pH and dissolved oxygen concentration. In this context, Rotating Cage tests were used to evaluate the influence of pH and dissolved oxygen content on FAC of A210, P11 and P22 steels. General corrosion was lower for P11 and P22 steels, an effect consistent with the presence of chromium in their compositions. General corrosion was most critical at pH 8.5. The corrosion intensity decreased for the three steels when the dissolved oxygen concentration increased, at 2 m/s. This behavior is coherent considering the most effective precipitation of Fe2O3 inside the pores of the Fe3O4 layer in a more oxidizing environment. For 3 m/s, the corrosion intensity increased for both materials when oxygen increased, showing the shear stress effect. These behaviors were more significant at pH 8.5. About pitting corrosion, the analyzes show localized attack in the majority of coupons, however with very low number of pits.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2021-0520

11.

Chronic inflammatory diseases, subclinical atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases: Design, objectives, and baseline characteristics of a prospective case-cohort study ‒ ELSA-Brasil
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Bensenor, Isabela M.

; Goulart, Alessandra C.

; Pereira, Alexandre C.

; Brunoni, André R.

; Alencar, Airlane

; Santos, Raul D.

; Bittencourt, Márcio S.

; Telles, Rosa W.

; Machado, Luciana Andrade Carneiro

; Barreto, Sandhi Maria

; de Almeida-Pititto, Bianca

; Janovsky, Carolina Porto Silva

; Sgarbi, José Augusto

; Tebar, William R.

; Meneghini, Vandrize

; Barbosa Junior, Fernando

; Ribeiro, Ana Cristina de Medeiros

; Pasoto, Sandra Gofinet

; Pereira, Rosa Maria R.

; Bonfá, Eloísa

; Sipahi, Aytan M.

; Santos, Itamar de S.

; Lotufo, Paulo A.

Clinics

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2022, Volume 77 elocation 100013

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objectives This analysis describes the protocol of a study with a case-cohort to design to prospectively evaluate the incidence of subclinical atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in Chronic Inflammatory Disease (CID) participants compared to non-diseased ones. Methods A high-risk group for CID was defined based on data collected in all visits on self-reported medical diagnosis, use of medicines, and levels of high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein >10 mg/L. The comparison group is the Aleatory Cohort Sample (ACS): a group with 10% of participants selected at baseline who represent the entire cohort. In both groups, specific biomarkers for DIC, markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, and CVD morbimortality will be tested using weighted Cox. Results The high-risk group (n = 2,949; aged 53.6 ± 9.2; 65.5% women) and the ACS (n=1543; 52.2±8.8; 54.1% women) were identified. Beyond being older and mostly women, participants in the high-risk group present low average income (29.1% vs. 24.8%, p < 0.0001), higher BMI (Kg/m2) (28.1 vs. 26.9, p < 0.0001), higher waist circumference (cm) (93.3 vs. 91, p < 0.0001), higher frequencies of hypertension (40.2% vs. 34.5%, p < 0.0001), diabetes (20.7% vs. 17%, p = 0.003) depression (5.8% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.007) and higher levels of GlycA a new inflammatory marker (p < 0.0001) compared to the ACS. Conclusions The high-risk group selected mostly women, older, lower-income/education, higher BMI, waist circumference, and of hypertension, diabetes, depression, and higher levels of GlycA when compared to the ACS. The strategy chosen to define the high-risk group seems adequate given that multiple sociodemographic and clinical characteristics are compatible with CID.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100013

12.

EXEMPLIFICANDO O USO DO MACRO MAPEAMENTO ELEMENTAR POR XRF (MA-XRF) NA INVESTIGAÇÃO FORENSE DE OBRAS DE ARTE
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Pimenta, André R.

; Felix, Valter S.

; Silva, Daniele M.

; Pereira, Marcelo O.

; Oliveira, Ana L.

; Ferreira, Douglas S.

; Carvalho, Cristiano S.

; Silva, Fabricio L.

; Gonçalves, Elicardo A.S.

; Dutra, Rafael S.

; Pereira, Leandro O.

; Pereira, Ronaldo V.

; Freitas, Renato P.

Química Nova

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2022, Volume 45 Nº 3 Páginas 297 - 303

Resumo: Pt | Texto: Pt | PDF: Pt

EXEMPLIFYING THE USE OF MACRO ELEMENTAL MAPPING BY XRF (MA-XRF) SCANNING IN FORENSIC INVESTIGATION OF ARTWORKS. This work exemplifies the potential of employing macro elemental mapping by XRF (MA XRF) scanning in the forensic investigation of artworks. The results of the investigation of two artworks of different styles and periods are presented and discussed. The images provided by MA-XRF scanning have information about the elemental distribution, which is related to pigments used in the artwork. These images bring different information such as: if there are underlying paintings; if a given pigment was used for the purpose of restoration or in the creation. Therefore, through the images, it is possible to obtain information, which refers to the process of creating the artwork and the history of conservation and restoration. Through the results, it was possible to verify that the two artworks are probably false because they present anachronistic pigments with the supposed period of creation. The analyzes were performed using a portable MA-XRF scanning system, and in addition to presenting the utility of the instrument in these investigations, the work also presents possibilities to explore the MA-XRF data through multivariate statistical analysis and image correlation.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170826

13.

Avaliação da Energética Prevista nos Modelos Regionais BRAMS, ETA e WRF: Parte I - Inverno
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Gan, Manoel A.

; Ferreira, Sérgio H.S.

; Piva, Everson D.

; Rozante, José R.

; Garcia, José R.M.

; Fernandes, Alex A.

; Neves, André L.O.

; Silva, Vinícios M.

Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia

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Dez 2021, Volume 36 Nº 4 Páginas 775 - 803

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os termos da equação da tendência da energia cinética do distúrbio (K’) nas previsões de 24 h e 48 h dos modelos regionais BRAMS, WRF e ETA. Estes modelos foram integrados operacionalmente no Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos (CPTEC). O período de avaliação foi de 1 de junho a 31 de agosto de 2016, sendo que o domínio utilizado foi a região da América do Sul. A resolução horizontal dos modelos é de 5 km e a temporal é de 6 horas. As condições iniciais e de contorno foram obtidas do Global Forecast System (GFS) do National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), com resolução horizontal de 0,25°. Os modelos foram inicializados apenas com a análise das 1200 UTC. Os modelos foram integrados com a versão não-hidrostática, sendo que o WRF utilizou a parametrização cumulus de Kain-Frisch, o ETA a parametrização culumus de Betts-Miller e o BRAMS Grell e Freitas. Em geral, os três modelos subestimam K’ nas latitudes médias, principalmente sobre os oceanos, porém o ETA é o que menos subestima e o WRF o que tem o maior viés negativo. Com relação aos termos de conversão baroclínica e barotrópica, além do termo de convergência do fluxo ageostrófico, os três modelos apresentam um padrão semelhante aos das análises numéricas do GFS.

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the terms of the eddy kinetic energy (K’) equation in the 24 h and 48 h forecasts of the regional models BRAMS, WRF and ETA. These models were operationally integrated at the Weather Forecast and Climate Studies Center (CPTEC). The evaluation period was from June 1 to August 31, 2016 and the domain was the region of South America. The horizontal resolution of the three models is 5 km and the temporal is 6 h. The initial and boundary conditions were obtained from the Global Forecast System (GFS) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), with a horizontal resolution of 0.25°. The models were initialized only with the analysis of 1200 UTC. The non-hydrostatic version of the three models was run, with WRF using Kain-Frisch cumulus parameterization, ETA Betts-Miller culumus parameterization and BRAMS Grell and Freitas. In general, the three models underestimate K‘ in mid-latitudes, mainly over the oceans, however, ETA is the one that underestimates the least and WRF the most. Regarding the terms of baroclinic and barotropic conversion, in addition to the term of ageostrophic flow convergence, the three models have a similar pattern of these three terms with that of GFS numerical analysis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-77863640042

14.

Bioreduction of the Chalcones by Fungus Scedosporium apiospermum EJCP13
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Feitosa, André de O.

; Anjos, Maricelia L. dos

; Ramos, Gisele da Costa

; Siqueira, José Edson de S.

; Oliveira, Claudia M. S. Costa

; Silva, Simone Yasue S.

; Silva, Sebastião da Cruz

; Marinho, Patrícia S. B.

; Bitencourt, Heriberto R.

; Marinho, Andrey M. do R.

Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society

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Jun 2021, Volume 65 Nº 2 Páginas 170 - 177

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Biotransformations are chemical reactions carried out by microorganisms on organic substrates. Biotransformations can be regio-, chemo-, stereo- and enantio-selective. Bioreductions are of great interest to the food and pharmaceutical industries as they help to reduce costs and impacts on the environment. In this work, the following biotransformations of chalcones were performed: (2E)-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one (1), (2E)-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one (2), and (2E)-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-one (3) by the fungus Scedosporium aspiospermum, leading to formation through chemo-selective reduction of dihydrochalcones 1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-one (4), 1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-one (5), and 1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-phenyl-propan-1-one (6). Compounds 1-6 had their antimicrobial activities tested and were observed better activity to the biotransformation products compared with substrates. This is the first report of chemo-selective bioreduction by fungi of the genus Scedosporium in biotransformation reactions.

Resumen Las biotransformaciones son reacciones químicas llevadas a cabo por microorganismos sobre sustratos orgánicos. Las biotransformaciones pueden ser regio-, quimio-, estereo- y enantio-selectivas. Las biorreducciones son de gran interés para la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica, ya que ayudan a reducir costes e impactos sobre el medio ambiente. En este trabajo se realizaron las siguientes biotransformaciones de las chalconas: (2E)-1-(4-hidroxi-fenil)-3-(2-metoxi-fenil)-prop-2-en-1-ona (1), ( 2E)-1-(4-hidroxi-fenil)-3-(4-metoxi-fenil)-prop-2-en-1-ona (2) y (2E)-1-(4-hidroxi-fenil)-3-fenil-prop-2-en-1-ona ( 3 ) por el hongo Scedosporium aspiospermum, que conduce a la formación mediante reducción quimio-selectiva de dihidrocalconas 1-(4-hidroxi-fenil)-3-(2-metoxi-fenil)-propan-1-ona (4), 1-(4-hidroxi-fenil)-3-(4-metoxi-fenil)-propan-1-ona (5) y 1-(4-hidroxi-fenil)-3-fenil-propan-1-ona (6). Se ensayaron las actividades antimicrobianas de los compuestos 1-6 y se observó una mejor actividad para los productos de biotransformación en comparación con los sustratos. Este es el primer informe de biorreducción quimio-selectiva por hongos del género Scedosporium en reacciones de biotransformación.

https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v65i2.1454 182 downloads

15.

Mineral Nutrients and Plant-Fungal Interaction in Cocoa Trees (Theobroma cacao L.)
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Sousa Filho, Hélio R.

; Jesus, Raildo M. de

; Bezerra, Marcos A.

; Silva, Vinnícius H. C. da

; Silva Jr., André L. S. da

; Alves, Juscelia P. S.

; Santana, Gregório M.

; Souza Jr., José O. de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Fev 2021, Volume 32 Nº 2 Páginas 337 - 346

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

An infection of the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa in cocoa trees reduces productivity of the plant. In this study, the concentrations of mineral nutrients in healthy leaves and in leaves of vegetative broom of the cocoa plant were determined, and the relationship between the disease and the nutritional composition of the leaves was assessed. The samples were analyzed using the wet digestion method and the concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and the Kjeldahl method. Results indicate that leaves of vegetative broom have lower concentrations of Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, and Ni than healthy leaves. Concentrations of P and Cu were lower in healthy leaves and higher in leaves of vegetative broom. In contrast, concentrations of K, N, and Zn were the same for both types of leaves. In short, plant-fungal interaction was reflected in the nutritional composition of the leaves, demonstrated by the differences in nutrient concentrations between healthy and infected leaf tissue.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200184 351 downloads

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