Pretreatment of Escherichia coli cultures with the iron chelator 2,2’-dipyridyl (1 mM) protects against the lethal effects of low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (<15 mM). However, at H2O2 concentrations equal to or greater than 15 mM, dipyridyl pretreatment increases lethality and mutagenesis, which is attributed to the formation of different types of DNA lesions. We show here that pretreatment with dipyridyl (1 mM) prior to challenge with high H2O2 concentrations (≥15 mM) induced mainly G:C→A:T transitions (more than 100X with 15 mM and more than 250X with 20 mM over the spontaneous mutagenesis rate) in E. coli. In contrast, high H2O2 concentrations in the absence of dipyridyl preferentially induced A:T→T:A transversions (more than 1800X and more than 300X over spontaneous mutagenesis for 15 and 20 mM, respectively). We also show that in the fpg nth double mutant, the rpoB gene mutation (RifS-RifR) induced by 20 mM H2O2 alone (20X higher) was increased in 20 mM H2O2 and dipyridyl-treated cultures (110X higher), suggesting additional and/or different lesions in cells treated with H2O2 under iron deprivation. It is suggested that, upon iron deprivation, cytosine may be the main damaged base and the origin of the pre-mutagenic lesions induced by H2O2.

O capim-camalote (Rottboellia cochinchinensis), originário da Índia, é encontrado em várias regiões do mundo, sendo uma espécie temida pelos agricultores devido ao seu difícil controle e avanço crescente. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar os fatores que afetam a germinação das sementes dessa espécie. Foram avaliados os métodos de superação de dormência: 1 - escarificação mecânica, 2 - escarificação química, 3 - tratamento pré-semeadura, 4 - tratamento químico, 5 - tratamento hormonal e 6 - sementes não tratadas. Foram estudados os efeitos da temperatura (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40 ºC), do fotoperíodo (6, 8, 10, 12, 14 e 16 horas de luz), da qualidade da luz incidente (branca, vermelha, vermelha distante, amarela, verde, azul e ausência de luz), da disponibilidade de água (0,0, -0,2, -0,3, -0,4, -0,5, -0,6, -1,2 e -2,4 MPa) e da viabilidade de suas sementes quando armazenadas sob condições de câmara fria e seca e sob condições naturais. Todos os ensaios foram conduzidos por 30 dias em câmara de germinação, com os tratamentos arranjados em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em quatro repetições. Verificou-se que as sementes apresentaram elevado índice de germinação, praticamente não apresentaram dormência e não se mostraram fotoblásticas. A disponibilidade de água foi indispensável para a germinação, com temperatura ideal de 25 °C. As sementes recém-coletadas são inviáveis para o estudo da germinação, apresentando redução na germinação quando armazenadas sob condição de câmara fria e seca.

Itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis), is native to India and it is found in several regions of the world. It is feared by farmers because of its difficult control and progress. The aim of this work was to study the factors that affect the germination of this weed's seeds. The methods of overcoming dormancy evaluated were: 1 - mechanical scarification, 2 - chemical scarification, 3 - treatment pre-sowing, 4 - chemical treatment, 5 - hormonal treatment, 6 - untreated seeds. The effects of temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C), photoperiod (6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 hours of light), the quality of light (white, red, red bell, yellow, green, blue and absence of light), availability of water (0.0, -0.2, -0.3, -0.4, -0.5, -0 , 6, -1.2, -2.4 MPa), viability of its seeds when stored under cold, dry and natural conditions were studied. All bioassays were carried out in camera for thirty germination days, with the treatments arranged in a completely randomized design in four repetitions. The seeds had high germination index under our climatic conditions, without dormancy and were not photoblastic. The water deficit from water availability is essential for germination, with optimum temperature of 25 °C. The newly-collected seeds are not viable for the germination study, presenting reduction in germination when stored under cold and dry conditions, showing that cold may be an agent of dormancy induction.