Abstract Introduction: vegetable ingredients are increasingly common in skin products. Avocado oil is an ingredient of natural sources with various properties on the skin. In this work, crude avocado oil-loaded nanocapsules were evaluated regarding its physicochemical stability to obtain a formulation of skin delivery with adequate quality: suitable physicochemical stability, with low polydispersity and with a pH suitable for cutaneous application. Method: nanoparticle formulations with components variation were evaluated for 2 months. Nanoparticle formulation considered the most stable was further evaluated for 6 months. Furthermore, the oxidative stability of crude avocado oil loaded in nanocapsules and standard avocado oil was also performed to detect any sign of oil oxidation. Results: all formulations had negative zeta potential after 2 months of storage. pH values of nanoparticles remained stable throughout the test. Formulation with the lowest content of ingredients exhibited the highest stability after 2 months of storage. Nanoencapsulated avocado oil and crude avocado oil showed no evidence of oxidation. Conclusions: Aqueous dispersions with the lowest content of ingredients presented the best physicochemical stability. Therefore, we have demonstrated preliminary the feasibility of developing avocado-oil loaded nanocapsules.

Resumen Introducción: los ingredientes vegetales son cada vez más comunes en los productos para la piel. El aceite de aguacate es un ingrediente de origen natural con varias propiedades en la piel. En este trabajo se evaluó la estabilidad físico-química de las nanocápsulas cargadas con aceite de aguacate crudo para obtener una formulación de aplicación cutánea con calidad adecuada: estabilidad físico química adecuada, con baja polidispersidad y con pH adecuado para aplicación cutánea. Método: formulaciones de nanocápsulas con variación en la composición de los ingredientes fueron evaluadas durante 2 meses. La formulación de nanocápsulas considerada más estable se evaluó por 6 meses. Además, la estabilidad oxidativa del aceite de aguacate de las nanocápsulas y del aceite de aguacate estándar también fue evaluada para detectar cualquier signo de oxidación. Resultados: todas las formulaciones han tenido potencial zeta negativo después de 2 meses de almacenamiento. Los valores de pH de las nanopartículas se mantuvieron estables durante toda la prueba. La formulación con el contenido más bajo de ingredientes exhibió la mayor estabilidad después de 2 meses de almacenamiento. El análisis de aceite de aguacate crudo y del aceite de aguacate nanoencapsulado no mostró evidencia de oxidación. Conclusiones: la dispersión acuosa con el contenido más bajo de ingredientes presentó la mejor estabilidad fisicoquímica. Además, el aceite de aguacate no ha mostrado evidencia de oxidación. Por lo tanto, hemos demostrado preliminarmente la viabilidad de desarrollar nanocápsulas cargadas de aceite de aguacate.

Das folhas de Senecio bonariensis Hook. & Arn. foram isolados três sesquiterpenóides. β-Cariofileno (1), óxido de β-cariofileno (2) e germacreno D (3) foram identificados por CG-IE-EM, IV, ¹H and 13C-RMN. A importância ecológica e quimiotaxionômica para o gênero Senecio é discutida, assim como a correlação biossintética entre as substâncias isoladas. As substâncias 1 e 2 tiveram sua atividade antimicrobiana avaliada pelo método de microdiluição em caldo contra cepas bacterianas e fúngicas. Ambas não inibiram o crescimento microbiano nas concentrações testadas.

From the leaves of Senecio bonariensis Hook. & Arn. three sesquiterpenoids were isolated. β-caryophyllene (1), β-caryophyllene oxide (2) and germacrene D (3) were characterized by GC-EI-MS, IR, ¹H and 13C-NMR data. Their ecological and chemotaxonomical significance for the genus Senecio are discussed, as well as the biosynthetic correlation between the isolated substances. The antimicrobial activity of substances 1 and 2 were evaluated by the microdilution method against bacterial and fungal strains. Both compounds did not inhibit the microorganism growth at the tested concentrations.

Senecio species contain a large variety of secondary metabolites and many of these plants afford pyrrolizidine alkaloids. This paper is a review of the literature, describing 62 pyrrolizidine alkaloids already isolated in 62 of more than 2000 species of Senecio, distributed worldwide. The structure-activity relationships involving their toxicity are also discussed, since some Senecio species used for medicinal purposes are responsible for causing serious adverse effects.