Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características socioambientais, funções executivas e nutricionais de crianças de 6 a 7 anos, de escolas públicas de Alagoas, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo envolvendo 64 crianças, na referida faixa etária, de escolas públicas localizadas em Alagoas: Maceió, no litoral; Major Isidoro, no sertão e Palmeira dos Índios, no país. Tais análises foram feitas por meio da aplicação de testes neuropsicológicos e avaliação antropométrica com crianças e inquéritos alimentares e socioambientais com seus pais. Quanto ao tipo de habitação, 100% eram de alvenaria, com banheiro presente em 98,4%. Todas as crianças relataram o hábito de tomar banho no rio / lagoa, apresentavam alguma patologia. Não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios quanto às características sociodemográficas avaliadas, ocorrendo o mesmo resultado com os fatores associados à ocorrência de doenças em crianças. Os subtestes do WISC-IV, ficaram abaixo da média em todos os municípios, e o TAC e SCC foram classificados dentro da média. Porém, mesmo que a classificação tenha sido dividida entre abaixo da média e média, é possível identificar a partir dos subtestes do WISC-IV, que o QI geral apresentou um nível cognitivo abaixo da média. Também não houve diferença significativa na avaliação antropométrica (peso, altura, IMC e AIDPI) entre os alunos avaliados. O peso médio foi de 23,3 kg a 25 kg, a altura entre 1,23 ma 1,24 m, o IMC entre 16,4 a 17; A AIDPI de 2.8 a 3.0. As crianças foram classificadas dentro da média. Em relação aos micronutrientes (Ca, Fe, K, Mg e Na e vitaminas A, C, D, B1, B9 e B12) e calorias, também não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios avaliados. O mesmo ocorreu com os macronutrientes (proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios). Este estudo mostrou que de maneira geral não houve diferença entre os alunos dos três municípios. Provavelmente, mesmo sendo todas escolas públicas e de diferentes cidades, as crianças têm condições sociais semelhantes.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the socio-environmental characteristics, executive and nutritional functions in children aged 6 to 7 years, from public schools in Alagoas, Brazil. A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed involving 64 children of the mentioned age group, from public schools located in Alagoas: Maceió, on the coast; Major Isidoro, in the hinterland and Palmeira dos Índios, in the country. Such analyzes were made through the application of neuropsychological tests and anthropometric assessment with children and food and socio-environmental surveys with their parents. As for the type of housing, 100% were made of masonry, with a bathroom present in 98.4%. All children reported with the habit of bathing in the river / lagoon, presented some pathology. There was no significant difference between cities in terms of the sociodemographic characteristics evaluated, with the same result occurring with the factors associated with the occurrence of diseases in children. The subtests of WISC-IV, were below the average in all municipalities, and the TAC and SCC were classified within the average. However, even though the ranking were divided between below average and average, it is possible to identify from the subtests of WISC-IV, that the general IQ showed a cognitive level below the average. There was also no significant difference in the anthropometric assessment (weight, height, BMI and IMCI) between the evaluated students. The average weight was 23.3 kg to 25 kg, the height between 1.23 m to 1.24 m, the BMI between 16.4 to 17; the IMCI from 2.8 to 3.0. Children were classified within the average. Regarding micronutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na, and vitamins A, C, D, B1, B9 and B12) and calories, there was also no significant difference between the cities evaluated. The same occurred with macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids). This study showed that in general there was no difference between the students of the three municipalities. Probably, even though they are all public schools and from different cities, children have similar social conditions.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the castor bean cultivar “BRS 188 Paraguaçu” to available soil water for plants and soil organic matter content based on their effects on fruit yield and seed oil content. A 2 × 4 factorial experiment was conducted from October 2008 to March 2009 under field conditions using randomized complete block design; two soil organic matter contents (5.0 and 25.0 g·kg−1) and four available soil water levels for plants at the irrigation time (70, 80, 90, and 100% of the total available soil water) with three replicates were tested. On each experimental unit measuring 100 m2, 50 plants were cultivated with a spacing of 2 m × 1 m (24 useful and 26 border plants). Analysis of variance (F test) was performed; qualitative factors (soil organic matter) were compared by Tukey's test and quantitative factors (available soil water) by regression analysis. Increased soil organic matter and available soil water for plants substantially increased productivity; however, seed oil content, mean 100-seed mass, mean 100-fruit mass, and seed:fruit ratio were affected by available soil water content alone. Therefore, the tested cultivar is sensitive to reduced available soil water content, which severely decreases its productivity.

Copaifera species (Fabaceae) comprises approximately 70 species of large trees, from which 16 can be found in Brazil. The oleoresins obtained from their trunk are widely used in Brazilian folk medicine, which display important antitumoral potential. Chemically, these oleoresins are mainly composed of a mixture of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes. In this paper we are describing the isolation and identification of 12 already known terpenes from oleoresins obtained from three different Copaifera species (C. multijuga, C. pubiflora and C. trapezifolia) and 2 novel diterpenes (ent-16-hidroxy-3,13 clerodadien-15,18-dioic acid and ent-labda-5,13-dien-15-oic acid) from C. trapezifolia. Both new compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic (1H and 13C NMR, correlation 1H-1H (COSY), heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC)) and by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS) analyses. The cytotoxic potential of these oleoresins, their main non-volatile compounds and their volatile compound fractions were evaluated against a panel of tumoral (MCF-7, ACP01, A549, HeLa) and normal cell lines (MCF-10A, GM07492-A) through XTT (tetrazolium salt) and SRB (sulforhodamine B) assays. The novel diterpene ent-labda-5,13-dien-15-oic acid displayed relevant cytotoxic effect against most of the cancer cell lines with mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 3.57 ± 1.12 to 22.56 ± 1.03 µg mL-1, and a high selectivity level in both assays.

ABSTRACT Due to the important ecological role of Nymphalidae as consumers of fermented fruits, excrement, exudates of decomposed plants and animals, as well as bioindicators of environmental quality that attract the interest of the general public, this study aimed to characterize the fauna of frugivorous butterflies at the Serra Azul State Park - PESA (Mato Grosso, Brazil) with regards to composition, taxonomic richness and spatial distribution. Collections were carried out in 2014 from six 250 m plots in a RAPELD module (5x5 km). We defined five sampling points in each plot and placed a Van Someren-Rydon trap (VSR), with a bait made from banana fermented in cane juice, positioned 1 m above the ground for 24 hours. We collected 204 specimens of Nymphalidae from five subfamilies, 22 genera, and 40 species. Satyrinae was the most abundant and species-rich subfamily. The community structure varied spatially, with the gallery forest presenting the greatest richness, diversity, and equitability, while ‘cerrado ralo’ presented higher abundance and less diversity and equitability. Therefore, according to the pattern of abundance in the PESA, species were best adapted to the log series model. Yphthimoides renata (Stoll, 1780) (Satyrinae), Hamadryas feronia (Linnaeus, 1758), and Callicore sorana (Godart, 1824) (Biblidinae) were the most abundant species, 19 species were singletons, and eight were doubletons. Richness estimators showed that 63% of all species were sampled. Our results indicate that the frugivorous butterfly community is structured according to phytophysiognomies, and the dominance of species that are tolerant to disturbances indicates landscape fragmentation within the PESA, which interferes with species substitution pattern and their abundances in different environments of the park.

Resumo O uso de consolos de concreto é prática comum na ligação entre vigas e pilares, porém um entrave à sua utilização é a logística de concretagem quando os consolos de um pilar apresentam direcionamentos em diferentes planos. Surge, então, a necessidade de se realizar a concretagem do consolo e do pilar em etapas distintas, o que exige alguns cuidados com a interface e alguma solução para que exista continuidade entre as armaduras. Este trabalho faz análises experimentais, normativas e computacionais de cinco modelos de consolos, sendo um monolítico e quatro concretados em etapa distinta do pilar. Nos resultados são apresentados e discutidos os mecanismos de ruptura, as aberturas de junta, bem como a precisão das previsões analíticas e do modelo computacional. Ao final do trabalho se observou que os consolos com tirante dobrado apresentaram as maiores aberturas de junta, e que o modelo computacional representou melhor a resistência da biela comprimida do consolo monolítico que os modelos normativos.

Abstract The design of a precast structural system requires joints between the structural elements, and concrete corbels are commonly used in the connection between beams and columns. Concrete corbels create an obstacle in the optimization of precast production, mainly of columns that have two or more concrete corbels in different faces. In these cases, the concrete corbels need to be manufactures in a different stage from the column, which requires attention to the interface between column and corbel, and some solution to ensure the continuity of the main tie reinforcement. For this paper, tests were conducted along with analytical and computational modeling of five concrete corbels models: one monolithic model and four where the corbels are manufactured in a different stage from the column. Results show the failure mode, the interface gap opening and the accuracy of the analytical and computational predictions. It was observed that the concrete corbels with bent main tie reinforcement displayed the largest gap-opening at the interface and that the computational modeling represented the strength of the monolithic concrete corbel better than the design code models.

Considering the importance of monitoring pipeline systems, this work presents the development of a technique to detect gas leakage in pipelines, based on an acoustic method, and on-line prediction of leak magnitude using artificial neural networks. On-line audible noises generated by leakage were obtained with a microphone installed in a 60 m long pipeline. The sound noises were decomposed into sounds of different frequencies: 1 kHz, 5 kHz and 9 kHz. The dynamics of these noises in time were used as input to the neural model in order to determine the occurrence and the leak magnitude. The results indicated the great potential of the technique and of the developed neural network models. For all on-line tests, the models showed 100% accuracy in leak detection, except for a small orifice (1 mm) under 4 kgf/cm² of nominal pressure. Similarly, the neural network models could adequately predict the magnitude of the leakages.

A variabilidade dos atributos químicos do solo é influenciada por complexas interações entre os fatores e os processos de formação do solo. Este trabalho partiu da hipótese de que os atributos químicos do solo variam com o microrrelevo a ponto de alterar as recomendações de manejo para uso agrícola. Com isto, o relevo foi separado em compartimentos e as superfícies estudadas com o objetivo de se determinar os atributos químicos do solo, avaliar a distribuição e a dependência espacial desses atributos. A grade amostral compreendeu uma área de 102 ha da Fazenda Agrícola Famosa, localizada na Chapada do Apodi, CE. O solo da área apresenta origem calcária e as amostras foram coletadas em 92 pontos distanciados 200 m na linha e 100 m entre linhas, nas profundidades de 0-20 e 20-40 cm. Com os dados, gerou-se um modelo de elevação do terreno e, com base nas formas de relevo identificadas, dividiu-se o local de estudo em superfícies. Os dados foram avaliados por estatística descritiva e análise de variabilidade espacial, com base no ajuste de semivariogramas e mapas de krigagem. Os atributos químicos do solo apresentaram variabilidade espacial nos microrrelevos convexo, retilíneo e côncavo, intensificada pelo fluxo de água nas profundidades.

The variability of soil chemical attributes is influenced by complex interactions between factors and processes of soil formation. This study hypothesized that soil chemical attribute varies with microrelief to change management recommendations for agricultural use. The relief was separated in compartments and surfaces were studied with the objective to determine the soil chemical properties and to evaluate the spatial dependence of these attributes. Sampling grid was established in an area of ​​102 ha at Agricultural Farm Famosa localized in Plateau of Apodi, CE. The soil was derived from limestone and was collected at 92 points spaced at 200 by 100 m and in 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths. With the topographic data a terrain modeling was generated and based on the identified microrelief, the study site was divided into surfaces. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and spatial variability analysis, with the semivariograms adjustments and kriging maps. Soil chemical attributes showed spatial variability at the convex, concave and rectilinear microrelief, being intensified by water flow at the depths.

Em virtude das altas taxas de decomposição do material orgânico em regiões tropicais, um dos problemas para a manutenção e sustentabilidade do sistema de plantio direto é a necessidade de produção de grandes quantidades de palha. Com o objetivo de identificar, no sistema de integração agricultura-pecuária, as variações dos atributos físicos do solo e a produtividade de grãos de soja sobre palhada de braquiárias, este trabalho foi conduzido na FEPE-UNESP de Ilha Solteira, SP, e o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com nove tratamentos em esquema fatorial (3 x 3), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três espécies de braquiárias e três modalidades de consórcio das braquiárias com o milho. Os atributos físicos foram determinados antes da implantação do projeto de pesquisa, após a colheita do milho consorciado com as forrageiras e depois da colheita da soja. Na safra de verão a cultura da soja foi semeada sobre a palhada dos consórcios de milho com braquiárias, no espaçamento de 0,45 m, com 14 linhas por parcela e área útil correspondente às 4 linhas centrais de 5 m cada uma. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a consorciação e a sequência de culturas proporcionaram aumento na macroporosidade e porosidade total do solo. A Brachiaria brizantha semeada na época de adubação de cobertura do milho e a Brachiaria decumbens, na linha do milho, promoveram maiores valores de produtividade de grãos de soja.

In tropical regions, due to high rates of decomposition of the organic material, one of the problems for the maintenance and no tillage system sustainability is the necessity of production of great quantities of straw. With the objective to identify, in the pasture-agriculture integration system, the variations of soil physical attributes and yield of soybean on brachiaria straw, the present work was conducted at the FEPE-UNESP of Ilha Solteira, SP. The randomized block experimental design was used , with nine treatments in the fatorial scheme 3x3, with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of three species of brachiaria and a consortium of the three types of brachiaria with corn. The physical properties of soil were determined before the installation of the experimente, after the harvest of corn intercropped with forage and after the harvest of soybeans. In summer the soybean crop was sown on the straw of corn and brachiaria spaced 0.45 m, with 14 lines per plot and area for data collection consisting of 4 lines of 5 m each. The results showed that intercropping and sequence of crops provided increase of soil macroporosity and total porosity. Brachiaria brizantha sown at the time of top-dressing of corn and Brachiaria decumbens sown in line promoted higher yields of soybeans.

O presente trabalho avalia o desenvolvimento e a produtividade da cultura da batata cv. Monalisa, irrigada por gotejamento, conduzida em parcelas com o plantio tradicional em linhas simples (LS), espaçadas de 0,75 m, e em linhas duplas (LD), com espaçamentos alternados de 0,60 e 0,90 m, dispostos em blocos ao acaso, com oito repetições. O cultivo em LS recebeu uma linha de tubogotejador por linha de plantas, enquanto no cultivo em LD, o tubogotejador foi instalado entre as linhas de menor espaçamento. O plantio da batata foi realizado em 19 de abril de 2005, e a colheita, em 15 de agosto de 2005, em Itobi - SP, sendo a mesma densidade de plantio nos dois tratamentos. A matéria seca da parte aérea e o índice de área foliar não diferiram estatisticamente nos dois sistemas de cultivo. O sistema de plantio em LD proporcionou maior produtividade de batatas, comparado ao sistema em LS. A qualidade da produção foi semelhante em ambos os sistemas de cultivo.

This work evaluates the vegetative growth and yield of irrigated potato plants cv. Monalisa under traditional planting in a single row (TP), spaced by 0.75 m, and under a double row planting (DL), spaced by 0.60 and 0.90 m between rows, in a complete randomized block design with eight replications. The TP had one trickle line per row and the DL had one trickle line placed in the middle of the narrower row space. The planting date was in April 19, 2005 and the harvest was on August 15, 2005, in Itobi - SP, Brazil. Plant population was the same for both treatments. Leaf area index and above ground dry matter were not different in both planting system. The double row planting system provided a better final yield. Yield quality wasn’t affected by the cultivation systems.

Using two dimensional numerical codes, we show that the direct electron heating found with electron cyclotron emission (ECE) radiometry is related to local Alfvén wave resonances in Tokamak Chauffage Alfvén Brésilean (TCABR) plasmas. The m/N =1/2, 0/2 and 0/3 modes are dominant in the observed wave heating, due to Alfvén wave continuum absorption. In particular, the resonant absorption of the m = 0 sideband harmonic plays an important role in the central core and peripheral heating. The increase of the electron temperature during the radio frequency pulse was accompanied by a local density rise that produced a cut-off of the ECE emission. The observed heating profile is also consistent with the reflectometer measurements of the density fluctuations induced by radio frequency fields in the local Alfvén wave resonance of the m/N =-1/-2, 1/-3 modes in TCABR.

Differing from the studied Eutheria the white belly opossum Peyer"s patches do not present a conspicous dome. M cells are located in the inmer layer of bilaminal invaginations formed at the bottom of the villi. A great variation in the morphology of M cells was observed. The enterocytes located at the epithelial inner layer may present endocytic vesicles, and the microvilli are shorter tha the microvilli of enterocytes lining the small intestine. As these morphological aspects have been described to exist in the enterocytes of the lancet opossum small intstine it was surmised that the opossum Peyer's patches special epithelium could represent the persistence in adult animals of a cellular pattern established before the intestinal maturation had occurred.