Abstract The article presents a perspective on the Brazilian scientific production on the health of the black population (SPN) published in scientific journals. We performed a rapid scoping review combined with thematic and bibliometric analysis. Our search included four indexed databases. We retrieved 519 studies in line with the thematic axes and strategic underlying themes of the Agenda of Research Priorities of the Ministry of Health and the guidelines of the National Policy for the Comprehensive Health of the Black Population. The data mainly returned quantitative studies published from 1969 to 2022. Sixty-five of the selected studies were explicitly about the black population and 54 about the quilombola population. The analysis of the most recurrent terms in the titles of the selected studies evidenced that epidemiological aspects and health and disease conditions prevailed. We observed limitations in the currently available indexing descriptors, which do not cover the most conceptually appropriate terminology. This paper consolidates knowledge about the SPN-related scientific production. It supports the discussion on a propositional priority research agenda to improve health policies for this population, overcome racism, and denounce rights violations.

Resumo O artigo apresenta uma prospecção da produção científica brasileira sobre a saúde da população negra (SPN) publicada em periódicos científicos. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo rápida, combinada com análise temática e bibliométrica. As buscas foram realizadas em quatro bases indexadas. Foram selecionados 519 trabalhos em consonância com os eixos temáticos e subtemas estratégicos da Agenda de Prioridades de Pesquisa do Ministério da Saúde e das diretrizes da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra. Os dados mostraram estudos publicados entre 1969 e 2022, a maioria deles com abordagem quantitativa. Entre os selecionados, 65 foram especificamente sobre a população negra e 54 sobre a população quilombola. A análise dos termos mais recorrentes nos títulos dos trabalhos selecionados mostrou que prevaleceram aspectos epidemiológicos e condições de saúde e doença. Observou-se limitações nos descritores de indexação hoje disponíveis, que não abrangem a terminologia mais adequada conceitualmente. O artigo contribui para consolidar o conhecimento sobre a produção científica relacionada com a SPN, subsidiando também a discussão em torno de uma agenda prioritária propositiva para pesquisas com vistas a aprimorar as políticas de saúde para essa população, superar o racismo e denunciar as violações de direitos.

Resumo O artigo apresenta uma prospecção da produção científica brasileira sobre a saúde da população negra (SPN) publicada em periódicos científicos. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo rápida, combinada com análise temática e bibliométrica. As buscas foram realizadas em quatro bases indexadas. Foram selecionados 519 trabalhos em consonância com os eixos temáticos e subtemas estratégicos da Agenda de Prioridades de Pesquisa do Ministério da Saúde e das diretrizes da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra. Os dados mostraram estudos publicados entre 1969 e 2022, a maioria deles com abordagem quantitativa. Entre os selecionados, 65 foram especificamente sobre a população negra e 54 sobre a população quilombola. A análise dos termos mais recorrentes nos títulos dos trabalhos selecionados mostrou que prevaleceram aspectos epidemiológicos e condições de saúde e doença. Observou-se limitações nos descritores de indexação hoje disponíveis, que não abrangem a terminologia mais adequada conceitualmente. O artigo contribui para consolidar o conhecimento sobre a produção científica relacionada com a SPN, subsidiando também a discussão em torno de uma agenda prioritária propositiva para pesquisas com vistas a aprimorar as políticas de saúde para essa população, superar o racismo e denunciar as violações de direitos.

Abstract The article presents a perspective on the Brazilian scientific production on the health of the black population (SPN) published in scientific journals. We performed a rapid scoping review combined with thematic and bibliometric analysis. Our search included four indexed databases. We retrieved 519 studies in line with the thematic axes and strategic underlying themes of the Agenda of Research Priorities of the Ministry of Health and the guidelines of the National Policy for the Comprehensive Health of the Black Population. The data mainly returned quantitative studies published from 1969 to 2022. Sixty-five of the selected studies were explicitly about the black population and 54 about the quilombola population. The analysis of the most recurrent terms in the titles of the selected studies evidenced that epidemiological aspects and health and disease conditions prevailed. We observed limitations in the currently available indexing descriptors, which do not cover the most conceptually appropriate terminology. This paper consolidates knowledge about the SPN-related scientific production. It supports the discussion on a propositional priority research agenda to improve health policies for this population, overcome racism, and denounce rights violations.

Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) is promising for the processing of biomaterials because it enables the production of surfaces with adjustable composition and structure. In this work, aimed at the improvement of the bioactivity of titanium, PEO has been used to grow calcium phosphide coatings on titanium substrates. The effects of the addition of magnesium acetate to the electrolytes on the composition of the coatings produced during 120 s on Ti disks using bipolar voltage pulses and solutions of calcium and magnesium acetates and sodium glycerophosphate as electrolytes have been studied. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry with Rietveld refinement and profilometry were used to characterize the modified samples. Coatings composed of nearly 50 % of Mg-doped hydroxyapatite have been produced. In certain conditions up to 4% Mg can be incorporated into the coating without any observable significant structural modifications of the hydroxyapatite.

Films were deposited from aluminum acetylacetonate (Al(acac)3) using a methodology involving reactive sputtering and low energy ion bombardment. The plasma was generated by the application of radiofrequency power to the powder containing electrode and simultaneously, negative pulses were supplied to the electrode where the substrates were attached. It was investigated the effect of the duty cycle of the pulses (Δ) on the properties of the coatings. Association of ion bombardment to the deposition process increased film thickness, structure reticulation and organic content. Ions from the deposition environment were implanted at the film-air interface or underneath it. Morphology and topography were altered depending on Δ. Considering the enhancement of Δ, it affected the flux of ions reaching the depositing interface and then the deposition rate, H content, crosslinking degree and surface microstructure. Alumina groups were detected in the infrared spectra, whereas the precipitation of amorphous alumina was confirmed by X-ray diffraction.

Cellulose is a polymer widely available in nature, however its applications may be restrict due to its hydrophilic character. The creation of hierarchical structures on the surface is one of the required factors to obtain the hydrophobicity of this material. In order to compare the morphological and chemical effects caused by the action of different gases in the creation of nanostructures on the cellulose surface, samples were exposed to oxygen (O2) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) plasma treatments. The changes in morphology after treatment prove that both the gases were able to create similar nanostructures in the material. The analysis of elemental composition and identification of functional groups on the sample surface showed that chemical modifications occurred differently for each treatment. Contact angle measurements revealed that samples treated by O2 plasma remained hydrophilic, whereas low receptivity to polar (θ > 120º) and non-polar (θ > 100º) liquids was observed for samples exposed to SF6 plasma.

RESUMO Mapas de solos existentes (dados legados) associados a técnicas de mapeamento digital são alternativas para obter informações a menores custos, entretanto, alguns testes são necessários para se fazer isso de forma mais eficiente. Este estudo objetivou comparar diferentes métodos para extrair informações de mapas de solos em escala detalhada usando árvores de decisão para mapear classes de solos em duas sub-bacias hidrográficas de Minas Gerais, validar os mapas em campo e usar o melhor método para extrapolar informações para áreas maiores, também validando estes mapas. Mapas de solos detalhados das sub-bacias do ribeirão Vista Bela (VBW) e ribeirão Marcela (MCW) foram utilizados como fonte de informação. Sete métodos para extrair informações de mapas foram comparados: polígono todo, eliminando 20 e 40 m das bordas dos polígonos, e com buffers em torno dos pontos amostrados com raios de 25 m, 50 m, 75 m e 100 m. O algoritmo Classification and Regression Trees (CART) foi utilizado para gerar árvores de decisão e permitir a criação de mapas de solos. A acurácia dos mapas foi avaliada através da acurácia global e índice Kappa. O melhor método foi utilizado para extrapolar informações para áreas maiores e esses mapas foram validados. Os melhores métodos para VCW e MCW foram, respectivamente, eliminando 20 m das bordas dos polígonos e buffer com raio de 25 m ao redor dos pontos. Mapas para áreas maiores foram obtidos usando esses métodos. Remoção de áreas de incerteza de mapas legados de solos contribuem para uma melhor modelagem e predição de classes de solos. A utilização de informações geradas neste trabalho permitiu a extrapolação validada de mapas de solos para regiões do entorno das sub-bacias hidrográficas.

ABSTRACT Existing soil maps (legacy data) associated with digital mapping techniques are alternatives to obtain information at lower costs, however, tests are required to do it more efficiently. This study had as objectives to compare different methods to extract information from detailed scale soil maps using decision trees for mapping soil classes at two watersheds in Minas Gerais, validate these maps in the field and use the best method to extrapolate information to larger areas, also validating these maps of larger areas. Detailed soil maps of Vista Bela creek (VBW) and Marcela creek (MCW) watersheds were used as source of information. Seven methods to extract information from maps were compared: the whole polygon, eliminating 20 and 40 m from the polygon boundaries, and with buffers around the sampled points with radii of 25 m, 50 m, 75 m, and 100 m. The Classification and Regression Trees (CART) algorithm was employed to create decision trees and enable creation of soil maps. Accuracy was assessed through overall accuracy and kappa index. The best method was used to extrapolate information to larger areas and maps were validated. The best methods for VCW and MCW were, respectively, eliminating 20 m from polygon edges and buffer of 25 m of radii from points. Maps for larger areas were obtained using these methods. Removing uncertainty areas from legacy soil maps contribute to better modeling and prediction of soil classes. Information generated in this work allowed for validated extrapolation of soil maps for regions surrounding the watersheds.

Funções de pedotransferência (FPTs) são equações usadas para estimar atributos de solo de difícil determinação, a partir de outras mais facilmente obtidas. A retenção de água no solo é utilizada em diversas aplicações agronômicas e ambientais, porém sua determinação direta é demorada e onerosa. Com isso, as FPTs são alternativas para obtenção dessas informações de forma mais rápida e econômica. Conduziu-se este trabalho, com os objetivos de gerar um banco de dados e desenvolver FPTs para a retenção de água nos potenciais de -33 kPa (capacidade de campo) e -1500 kPa (ponto de murcha permanente) para Argissolo Amarelo e Latossolo Amarelo, da região dos Tabuleiros Costeiros brasileiros. Os solos dos Tabuleiros Costeiros são, principalmente, provenientes de sedimentos pré-intemperizados da Formação Barreiras e seus principais usos são cana-de-açúcar, pecuária, silvicultura e fruticultura. O banco de dados para geração das FPTs foi composto, a partir da seleção de informações obtidas de trabalhos científicos e de relatórios de levantamentos de solos da região. Foram geradas FPTs específicas para cada classe de solo em seus respectivos horizontes A e B e para o solum, e FPTs gerais, englobando as classes de solos e seus horizontes, por meio de regressão múltipla, através do pacote stepwise da linguagem de programação R. Em razão da pequena variabilidade pedológica (pequeno número de classes de solos com grande expressão geográfica) e alta uniformidade mineralógica, comumente observadas neste ambiente, a não estratificação das classes de solos para a criação de FPTs gerais demonstrou resultados similares ou superiores em relação às equações específicas para cada classe de solo. O ajuste dos dados demonstrou que os valores de retenção de água nos potenciais de -33 kPa e -1500 kPa podem ser estimados com adequada acurácia para os principais solos dos Tabuleiros Costeiros brasileiros, por meio de FPTs, a partir de dados de textura, principalmente, e matéria orgânica, secundariamente.

Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are equations used to estimate soil characteristics difficult to determine from other easily obtained ones. Water retention in soil is used in several agronomic and environmental applications, but its direct determination is time consuming and onerous, therefore PTFs are alternatives to obtaining this information more quickly and economically. The aims of this study were to generate a database and develop PTFs for water retention at potentials of -33 kPa (field capacity) and -1500 kPa (permanent wilting point) for Yellow Argisol and Yellow Latosol from the Brazilian Coastal Plains region. The Coastal Plains soils are mostly developed from Barreiras formation (pre-weathered sediments) and their main uses are sugarcane, livestock, forestry and fruticulture. The database to generate the PTFs was composed from the selection of information derived from scientific works and soil survey reports of the region. Specific PTFs were generated for each soil class, in their respective A and B horizons and for solum, through multiple regression by stepwise package of R language programming. Due to the small pedological variability (small number of soil classes containing great geographical expression) and mineralogical uniformity, usually observed in this environment, non-stratification of soil classes to create general PTFs presented similar or superior results compared to equations for each soil class. The adjustment of data demonstrated that water retention values at -33 kPa and -1500 kPa potentials can be estimated with adequate accuracy for the main soils of the Brazilian Coastal Plains through PTFs mainly from particle size distribution and secondarily from organic matter data.

Alumina films were deposited from a new plasma method using aluminum acetylacetonate (AAA) powder as precursor. The AAA was sputtered in argon and oxygen plasma mixtures. It was investigated the effect of the oxygen proportion (O2%) on the properties of the coatings. Deposition rate was derived from the layer height measured by profilometry. The elemental composition and molecular structure of the films were determined by Rutherford backscattering and infrared spectroscopies, respectively. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the microstructure of the films while hardness was determined by nanoindentation technique. Inspections on the surface morphology and on the film composition were conducted associating scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Incorporation of oxygen affects the plasma kinetics and consequently the properties of the coatings. As moderated concentrations of oxygen (< 25%) are added, the structure is predominantly organic containing stoichiometric amorphous alumina. On the other hand, as high O2% (> 25%) are incorporated, the structure become rich in metallic aluminum with carbon rising at low proportions. The deposited layer is not homogeneous in thickness once the chemical composition of the precursor is changed by the action of the reactive oxygen plasma. Oxygen ablation on the film surface also contributes to the lack of homogeneity of the structure, especially as high oxygen proportions are imposed. Hardness data (0.5-2.0 GPa) corroborated the idea of an amorphous structure. Based on the results presented here it was possible to identify the oxygen concentration in the plasma atmosphere which mostly removed organics while preserving the stoichiometric alumina precipitation, subject of great relevance as one considers the reduction in the energy necessary for the creation of fully oxide coatings.

AA 2024 aluminum alloy is widely employed in aeronautic and automobilist industries. Its hardness and low density are attractive properties for such industrial areas. However, since it contains copper, it undergoes severe corrosion in aggressive media as saline or low Earth orbit environments. In this work, it was investigated the properties of films deposited by PECVD on AA 2024 aluminum alloy as well as the corrosion resistance of the film/substrate systems under different corrosive atmospheres. Films were prepared in a plasma atmosphere composed of 50% of oxygen and 50% of hexamethyldisiloxane resulting in a total gas pressure of 4.0 Pa. Plasma ignition was promoted by the application of radiofrequency signal (13.56 MHz) to the sample holder while grounding the topmost electrode. The plasma excitation power, P, was changed from 10 to 80 W in the six different set of experiments. Film thickness, measured by profilometer, increases by 5 times as P was elevated from 10 to 80 W. As demonstrated by the infrared spectra of the samples, films are essentially organosilicons with preservation of functional groups of the precursor molecule and with creation of different ones. The oxide proportion and the structure crosslinking degree are affected by the plasma excitation power. According to the results obtained by sessile drop technique, hydrophilic to moderately hydrophobic films are produced with changing P from 10 to 80 W. The corrosion resistance, evaluated by salt spray and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS, experiments, in general increases after film deposition. It is demonstrated that film deposition improves, in up to 36 times, the resistance of the alloy to salt spray attack. It is also shown an improvement of about 240 times in the alloy resistance under NaCl solution by the EIS data. Micrographs acquired by Scanning Electron Microscopy after the corrosion tests furnish further information on the importance of the layer physical stability on its barrier properties. Furthermore, films highly protect the alloy against the oxygen attack. Interpretations are proposed based on the modification of the plasma kinetics with P, altering film structure, composition and properties.

Neste trabalho, apresenta-se o levantamento detalhado de uma microbacia hidrográfica experimental representativa das características pedoclimáticas dos Tabuleiros Costeiros brasileiros e sua aplicação prática. Para o levantamento pedológico, foram descritos morfologicamente e amostradas 35 microtrincheiras e três perfis modais, cujas amostras foram submetidas a análises físicas (textura) e químicas (fertilidade e ataque sulfúrico). A confecção do mapa de solos foi realizada, utilizando-se o sistema de informação geográfica ArcGIS 9.3, no qual foi gerado o modelo digital de elevação (DEM) para a separação das fases de relevo. Utilizou-se também o programa SAGA GIS, para a geração do índice topográfico de umidade (WI) que auxiliou na separação mais precisa do Organossolo Háplico dos demais solos. A classe de solo predominante na microbacia foi o Argissolo Amarelo distrófico/ distrocoeso (97%), com características morfológicas, químicas e físicas representativas dos solos mais expressivos dos Tabuleiros Costeiros. Ferramentas e técnicas de geoprocessamento auxiliaram na confecção do mapa de solos da microbacia.

This paper presents a detailed soil survey of an experimental watershed with representative pedoclimatic characteristics of the Coastal Plains in Espírito Santo State and its practical applications. For the pedological survey, 35 observation sites and three soil profiles were sampled and described, which were morphologically characterized and subjected to physical (particle size) and chemical analyses (routine and sulfuric acid digestion). The soil map was made using the geographic information system ArcGIS 9.3. This GIS software was also used to generate the digital elevation model (DEM) for identifying the slope classes. SAGA software was used to calculate the topographic wetness index (WI) which aided in a more accurate separation of Haplic Organosol from other soils. The predominant soil class in the watershed was the dystrophic/dystrocohesive Yellow Argisol (97%), containing morphological, chemical and physical characteristics representative of the most expressive Coastal Plains soils. Geoprocessing tools and techniques aided to make the watershed soil map.

Vitamin C degradation was evaluated in industrialized cashew juice of high pulp content and in cajuina by the method of Tillmans during eleven days of storage after the opening of the flask. For recently opened juices, vitamin C was found in the concentration range of 112 to 170 mg for 100 g of juice. The degradation of vitamin C in industrialized cashew juices changes when different additives are used. All of the cajuinas presented a vitamin C content below that specified on the label.