ABSTRACT Hardier crops are needed in the arid regions of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, and annatto (Bixa orellana L.) is a good candidate. Producers, however, do not know if their areas are suitable for its cultivation and so are not investing in its implementation. Agroclimatic zoning would provide guidance to the producers. Identifying potential areas for the production of this crop would thus contribute to the agroclimatic zoning of B. orellana in Minas Gerais. We collected data for air temperature and precipitation from 852 meteorological stations in the state to classify regions as suitable, marginally suitable, or unsuitable for the crop. Suitable regions had an air temperature between 22 and 27 °C and precipitation between 800 and 1600 mm.y-1. Marginally suitable regions had an air temperature between 22 and 27 °C and precipitation less than 800 mm.y-1. Unsuitable regions had air temperature less than 22 °C or greater than 27 °C. A geographic information system was used for the spatial interpolation of air temperature and precipitation for all meteorological stations using kriging. The agroclimatic zoning of annatto crops for Minas Gerais was obtained by interpolating the two maps, air temperature and precipitation. Minas Gerais has great potential for urucum production, and agroclimatic zoning enabled the classification of regions by climatic suitability. The northern, western, northwestern, and part of the eastern regions of Minas Gerais have favourable climates suitable for the cultivation of B. orellana.

Fundamento: A comparação do rigor diagnóstico da TCMD e da USIV foi pouco descrita, estando restrita principalmente a estudos que avaliaram segmentos com placas ateroscleróticas já documentadas. Objetivos: Este estudo objetiva avaliar o desempenho diagnóstico da tomografia computadorizada com 64 colunas de detectores (tomografia computadorizada multidetector- TCMD) e da ultrassonografia intravascular (USIV) em escala de cinza na verificação das dimensões da luz coronária, em um contexto mais amplo, incluindo também segmentos coronários sadios e com patologia leve. Métodos: A TCMD foi realizada em todos os pacientes antes da realização da USIV, com um intervalo < 72 horas entre os dois exames. Imagens de USIV foram obtidas de pelo menos uma coronária, independente da presença de estenose luminal durante a angiografia. Um total de 21 pacientes foram incluídos, com imagens de 70 vasos (comprimento total 114,6 ± 38.3 mm por paciente). Placas coronárias foram diagnosticada em segmentos com carga de placas > 40%. Resultados: Uma alta correlação entre as medidas de TCMD e USIV para área luminar média, área luminar mínima e diâmetro luminar mínimo foi encontrada no nível de paciente, vaso e segmento (p-valor < 0,01 para todas as correlações). A TCMD, no entanto, tendeu a subestimar o tamanho luminar com uma dispersão de diferenças relativamente ampla. A comparação entre as medidas da luz por TCMD e USIV não foi substancialmente afetada pela presença ou ausência de placa subjacente. Além disso, a TCMD mostrou boa precisão geral na detecção de parâmetros associados a lesões limitantes de fluxo. Conclusão: Em uma análise compreensiva e multi-focal da luz coronária, demonstramos bom desempenho diagnóstico da TCMD, quando comparada a USIV, independente da presença de placas ateroscleróticas adjacentes.

Background: The diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice MDCT in comparison with IVUS has been poorly described and is mainly restricted to reports analyzing segments with documented atherosclerotic plaques. Objectives: We compared 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with gray scale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) for the evaluation of coronary lumen dimensions in the context of a comprehensive analysis, including segments with absent or mild disease. Methods: The 64-slice MDCT was performed within 72 h before the IVUS imaging, which was obtained for at least one coronary, regardless of the presence of luminal stenosis at angiography. A total of 21 patients were included, with 70 imaged vessels (total length 114.6 ± 38.3 mm per patient). A coronary plaque was diagnosed in segments with plaque burden > 40%. Results: At patient, vessel, and segment levels, average lumen area, minimal lumen area, and minimal lumen diameter were highly correlated between IVUS and 64-slice MDCT (p < 0.01). However, 64-slice MDCT tended to underestimate the lumen size with a relatively wide dispersion of the differences. The comparison between 64-slice MDCT and IVUS lumen measurements was not substantially affected by the presence or absence of an underlying plaque. In addition, 64-slice MDCT showed good global accuracy for the detection of IVUS parameters associated with flow-limiting lesions. Conclusions: In a comprehensive, multi-territory, and whole-artery analysis, the assessment of coronary lumen by 64-slice MDCT compared with coronary IVUS showed a good overall diagnostic ability, regardless of the presence or absence of underlying atherosclerotic plaques.

Animals have neural structures that allow them to anticipate environmental changes and then regulate physiological and behavioral functions in response to these alterations. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN) is the main circadian pacemaker in many mammalian species. This structure synchronizes the biological rhythm based on photic information that is transmitted to the SCN through the retinohypothalamic tract. The aging process changes the structural complexity of the nervous system, from individual nerve cells to global changes, including the atrophy of total gray matter. Aged animals show internal time disruptions caused by morphological and neurochemical changes in SCN components. The effects of aging on circadian rhythm range from effects on simple physiological functions to effects on complex cognitive performance, including many psychiatric disorders that influence the well-being of the elderly. In this review, we summarize the effects of aging on morphological, neurochemical, and circadian rhythmic functions coordinated by the main circadian pacemaker, the SCN.

O método mais expedito para o dimensionamento de vigas de concreto em situação de incêndio é o método tabular, apresentado na ABNT NBR 15200 [1]. Apesar de simples, esse método restringe o trabalho do engenheiro, uma vez que o impede de buscar soluções alternativas aos poucos valores tabelados. Contudo, a norma brasileira permite empregar métodos mais avançados. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em realizar uma análise térmica e estrutural de vigas com diversas larguras, alturas, cobrimentos, diâmetros e disposições de armaduras (inferiores e superiores). A partir dos resultados, foram construídos gráficos que associam a relação entre o momento fletor solicitante em incêndio e o momento fletor resistente à temperatura ambiente, ao tempo de resistência ao fogo de cada situação. Esses gráficos permitem também levar em conta a redistribuição de momentos, do positivo ao negativo, o que conduzirá à economia na solução encontrada.

The most expeditious method for the design of concrete beams under fire situation is the tabular method, presented by the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 15200:2012. Albeit simple, this method constrains the engineer's work, as it prevents him to seek alternative solutions to the few tabulated values. Yet, the Brazilian standard allows employing more advanced methods. Hence, the purpose of this work was to perform a thermal and structural analysis of beams with several widths, heights, covers and diameters/layouts of steel reinforcement (upper and lower). From those results, graphs were constructed, associating the ratio between the applied bending moment in fire over the resistance bending moment at ambient temperature, for the fire resisting time of each situation. These graphs also allow taking into account the redistribution of moments from positive to negative, which will lead to savings in the solution found.

5-(Oxiran-2-ilmetil)-1,3-benzodioxol ou epóxi-safrol (SO) vem sendo estudado ao longo dos anos devido a suas propriedades dependentes da concentração, como indução à apoptose e transdiferenciação celular. A coprecipitação do SO com um polímero biodegradável e biocompatível, poli(3-hidroxibutirato-co-3-hidroxivalerato) (PHBV), foi realizada utilizando a técnica de dispersão de solução aumentada por fluídos supercríticos (SEDS). Um planejamento fatorial 2(4-1) foi realizado para investigar os efeitos das condições experimentais (pressão, vazão de solução e de antissolvente e concentrações de PHBV e SO) na eficiência do processo e na morfologia dos coprecipitados. Para o material obtido SO/PHBV, foram observadas formas esféricas e fibrosas, sendo as morfologias dependentes das condições experimentais. Os mecanismos de liberação controlada de epóxi-safrol para os materiais esféricos foram diferentes dos materiais fibrosos. Análise térmica mostrou uma diminuição na temperatura de máxima velocidade de degradação (Tmax) em relação ao PHBV, atribuída à presença de SO e à morfologia da amostra.

In recent years, 5-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3-benzodioxole or safrole oxide (SO) has been widely studied due to its concentration dependent properties, such as cellular apoptosis inducing activity and cell transdifferentiation. Coprecipitation of SO with a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), were performed using solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids technique (SEDS). A 2(4-1) factorial design was carried out to investigate the effect of processing parameters (pressure, solution flow, anti-solvent flow and concentrations of PHBV and SO) on the process efficiency and microparticle morphology. Both fibrous and spherical shapes were observed for coprecipitated SO/PHBV, which were dependent on the experimental-processing conditions. Controlled release mechanisms of SO to spherical materials were different from fibrous materials. Thermal analysis showed a decrease in the temperature of maximum weight loss rate (Tmax) of PHBV, attributed to the presence of SO and sample morphology.

INTRODUÇÃO: Apesar da eficácia dos stents farmacológicos de primeira geração em reduzir a necessidade de novas intervenções, seu uso em cenários de maior complexidade, como as síndromes coronárias agudas, pode estar associado a maiores taxas de trombose. Estudos pré-clínicos têm atribuído papel central aos polímeros duráveis na gênese desses eventos adversos. O stent SupralimusTM combina uma plataforma de aço inoxidável com um polímero bioabsorvível com eluição de sirolimus. Esta análise teve por objetivo determinar a eficácia e a segurança clínica desse novo stent farmacológico no tratamento de pacientes não-selecionados com síndrome coronária aguda. MÉTODO: O Registro E-SERIES é um estudo multicêntrico e prospectivo, que inclui pacientes consecutivos tratados com SupralimusTM. Virtualmente todos os subtipos de pacientes e lesões encontram-se representados nesse registro. Toda informação pertinente ao procedimento e aos desfechos clínicos é coletada via internet, sendo os eventos adversos avaliados por comitê independente. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos, no total, 1.263 pacientes, entre os quais 454 (35,9%) tiveram diagnóstico inicial de síndrome coronária aguda. A maioria era do sexo masculino (68,9%), com média de idade de 63 ± 11,4 anos. A incidência de diabetes melito nessa população foi elevada (36,8%). Em 6% dos casos havia trombo à angiografia pré-intervenção. Ao final do procedimento, fluxo TIMI 3 foi obtido em 96,8% dos procedimentos. A taxa de eventos cardíacos adversos na fase hospitalar foi de 1% (mortalidade de 0,4%). A taxa cumulativa de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores aos seis meses foi de 10%, com 0,4% de trombose do stent. CONCLUSÕES: Quando utilizado para tratar pacientes complexos portadores de síndrome coronária aguda, o stent farmacológico SupralimusTM demonstrou bom desempenho e segurança no seguimento de médio prazo, com baixas taxas de eventos adversos e trombose.

BACKGROUND: Despite the efficacy of first generation drug eluting stents in reducing the need of new interventions, its use in more complex conditions, such as acute coronary syndromes, may be associated to higher thrombosis rates. Pre-clinical analyses have attributed a major role to durable polymers in the genesis of these adverse events. The SupralimusTM stent combines a stainless steel platform with a bioabsorbable polymer loaded with sirolimus. This study was aimed at establishing the safety and clinical efficacy of this new drug eluting stent in non-selected acute coronary syndrome patients. METHOD: The E-SERIES Registry is a multicenter and prospective study, including consecutive patients treated with SupralimusTM stent. Virtually all subtypes of patients and lesions are represented in this registry. Information regarding the procedure and clinical outcomes is collected through the internet and adverse events are adjudicated by an independent committee. RESULTS: A total of 1,263 patients were included and 454 (35.9%) had an initial diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Most patients were male (68.9%) with mean age of 63 ± 11.4 years. Diabetes mellitus was highly prevalent in this subset (36.8%). Thrombus was visible at pre-intervention angiography in 6% of the cases. Final TIMI 3 flow was achieved in 96.8% of the patients. In-hospital major adverse cardiac events rate was 1% (mortality of 0.4%). Six-month cumulative major adverse cardiac events rate was 10% with 0.4% of stent thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: The use of SupralimusTM drug eluting stent in the treatment of complex patients with acute coronary syndromes demonstrated excellent performance and safety profile in the midterm follow-up, with low adverse events and thrombosis rates.

OBJETIVO: Análise comparativa dos resultados hospitalares em pacientes infartados reperfundidos por meio de uma intervenção coronariana percutânea de resgate ou primária. MÉTODOS: Selecionados pacientes consecutivos, submetidos a uma intervenção percutânea no infarto do miocárdio (< 24h), entre 1997 e 2000, incluídos no registro nacional multicêntrico CENIC, comparando os resultados hospitalares, entre aqueles submetidos ao procedimento de resgate (n=840) ou primário (n=8.531). RESULTADOS: Os pacientes que realizaram intervenção de resgate eram significativamente mais jovens, com infarto anterior, associado à presença de disfunção ventricular, porém com menor porcentual de doença coronariana multiarterial, comparados aos primários. As taxas de implante de stents foram similares (56,9% vs. 54,9%; p=0,283), mas o sucesso do procedimento foi menor nos casos de resgate (88,1% vs. 91,2%; p<0,001), cursando com maior mortalidade (7,4% vs. 5,6%; p=0,034), comparado à intervenção primária; nova revascularização (< 0,5%), cirurgia de emergência (< 0,3%) e reinfarto (< 2,6%) foram similares. A análise multivariada identificou o procedimento de resgate como preditor de mortalidade ao final da fase hospitalar [RC (IC=95%) = 1,60 (1,17-2,19); p=0,003]. CONCLUSÃO: Neste registro nacional, a intervenção de resgate apresentou uma maior mortalidade hospitalar, comparada ao procedimento primário.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a comparative analysis of in-hospital results obtained from AMI patients who underwent rescue or primary PTCA. METHODS: From the Brazilian Interventional National Registry (CENIC), we selected all consecutive patients who underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention for myocardial infarction (< 24 hours), between 1997 and 2000, analyzing those undergoing a rescue (n=840) or a primary (n=8,531) procedure, and comparing their in-hospital results. RESULTS: Rescue patients were significantly younger males with anterior wall infarctions, associated with left ventricular dysfunction, but had less multivessel disease, compared with those treated with primary intervention. Coronary stents were implanted in at similar rates (56.9% vs. 54.9%; P=0.283). Procedural success were lower for rescue cases (88.1% vs. 91.2%; P<0.001), with higher mortality (7.4% vs. 5.6%; P=0.034), compared with the primary intervention group; target vessel revascularization (< 0.5%), emergency bypass surgery (< 0.3%) and reinfarction (< 2.6%) rates were similar for both strategies. Multivariate analysis identified the rescue procedure as a predictor of in-hospital death [OR(CI=95%) = 1.60 (1.17-2.19); P=0.003]. CONCLUSION: Patients who underwent a rescue coronary intervention had higher in-hospital death rates compared with those who underwent a primary coronary intervention.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivos examinar a magnitude dos efeitos de interferência em cultivares de feijão, quando em mistura, empregando um novo coeficiente (Coeficiente de Interferência) e verificar a existência de correlações entre rendimento de grãos e seus componentes primários, para cada cultivar. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Canguçu e Passo Fundo, RS, sendo os tratamentos compostos pelas cultivares Carioca, Guateian 6662 e Tayhú em estande puro e em duas misturas, Mis1 (equivalente a 240 mil plantas.ha-1, como em estande puro) e Mis2 (120 mil plantas.ha-1). As variáveis avaliadas foram número de vagens por planta (NVP), número de sementes por vagem (NSV), peso de 100 sementes (PCS) e rendimento de grãos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. Observou-se que Tayhú teve sua produtividade estimulada quando em mistura sendo este efeito bastante pronunciado sob a população de 240 mil plantas.ha-1; caracterizando a presença de efeitos positivos de interferência, sendo que Carioca e Guateian 6662 sofreram efeitos neutros quando em Mis1 e negativos quando em Mis2. Verificou-se que as correlações fenotípicas entre os componentes do rendimento dependem de cada cultivar e do ambiente em que se encontram, apresentando pouco valor em programas de melhoramento ou na predição do rendimento.

This work had as main objectives 1) to examine the magnitude of interference effects on bean cultivars, under two population densities, through the use of a new coefficient (Coefficient of Interference); and 2) To verify possible correlations among grain yield and its primary components, for each cultivar. Trials were carried out in the locations of Canguçu and Passo Fundo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and the trataments were the cultivars Carioca, Guateian 6662 and Tayhú, under pure stand and under two mixed populations. Mixtures of cultivars were 240.000 (Mis1) and 120.000 (Mis2) plants.ha-1 equivalent. Traits under study were number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, one-hundred seed weight and grain yield. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with five replications. It was observed that Tayhú presented yield increase under mixture, mainly at Mis1, characterizing the presence of positive effects of interference; Carioca and Guateian 6662 revealed neutral effects of interference on their grain yield at Mis1 and negative effects at Mis2. A simple correlation analysis has been performed. Phenotypic correlation analysis pointed out to cultivar and environment dependency, on definition of component influence, resulting being useless for breeding purposes or yield prediction.

We intend to divulge an easy experiment that permits the determination of molar masses of various compounds by cryoscopy. The major advantage of this is the use of the tert-butyl alcohol as a solvent, which requires simple apparatus and easy procedures. The melting point of this alcohol is around 25 ºC, which makes it easy to freeze and then melt the solutions. This solvent has a high cryoscopic constant and is miscible with both polar and non-polar compounds. The molar masses of acetone, water, chloroform, dichloro-methane, ethanol, hexane, carbon tetrachloride and toluene were determined. The results were good except for water. Even though there are reliable techniques of molar mass determination nowadays, this method is still frequently taught in undergraduate courses.

We are working in a new multi-doped glassy material to generate simultaneously the three primary light color (by addition) of the visible spectrum, with the control of the intensity of each one, allowing the simulation of any color: a full-color generator device. Tm+3, Tb+3 and Eu+3 ions were used (0.01 to 5,0 mol%) as blue, green and red narrow line emitters. A wide color gamut was obtained under ultraviolet excitation by varying the material composition. The chromaticity diagram is covered, including the white simulation.