ABSTRACT One of the great challenges in the post-nursery phase is to plant seedlings in the field. It is, therefore, important to produce them to a high standard of quality aiming to achieve an economically feasible and environmentally sustainable process. For this purpose, the use of organic residues in the composition of substrates, associated with biotechnologies available on the market, is a feasible alternative, which, however, requires further research for process optimization. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the morphophysiological characteristics, nutrition and quality of Copaifera langsdorffii seedlings in substrates formulated with organic residues and Fertbokashi premium®. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, with four repetitions, in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with four substrates (carnauba residue, goat manure, unprocessed and carbonized rice husks) and one control (soil) with or without applying bokashi. A part of the results, the highest values observed in the morphophysiological and nutritional variables, were for plants grown in the substrate with carnauba residue, followed by goat manure, both in association with bokashi. Among the residues studied, carnauba residue had the highest N and P contents and the lowest C:N ratio, raising the quality variables. The use of bokashi associated with the residues promotes the best results for most of the morphophysiological and nutritional parameters of the Copaiba seedlings. The substrates formulated with carnauba residue and goat manure are the most appropriate for seedling production. The regional residues can be used as a substrate to produce Copaiba seedlings to a high standard of quality.

RESUMO Embora as áreas de ecótonos ocupem uma extensão significativa no estado do Piauí, há pouca informação sobre essas áreas, especialmente quanto à ocorrência de microrganismos. Assim, nesse estudo avaliou-se o efeito da sazonalidade na ocorrência de gêneros de fungos associados a espécies florestais em área de transição Cerrado-Caatinga no estado do Piauí, Brasil. A área experimental consistiu em um fragmento de um hectare dentro de uma reserva legal, onde foram estabelecidas cinco parcelas de 20m x 20m e feito o levantamento fitossociológico. A coleta do material (folhas sadias e com sintomas de doenças) foi realizada em dois períodos: seco (junho e agosto/2017) e chuvoso (dezembro/2017 e fevereiro/2018), totalizando quatro coletas. No laboratório, foram feitos o isolamento e a purificação dos fungos. A identificação desses foi realizada com base nas características morfológicas, consultando à chaves de identificação. Calculou-se a abundância relativa dos fungos e os dados foram submetidos à análise multivariada de agrupamento. No total, foram encontrados 225 isolados relacionados a 15 gêneros fúngicos, associados a 10 espécies florestais. A ocorrência de fungos na área foi influenciada pela variação sazonal, com maior número de isolados encontrados no período seco, a exemplo de grupos importantes, seja de microrganismos benéficos ou fitopatogênicos como Trichoderma spp. e Lasiodiplodia spp. Foi observada também maior tendência de ocorrência dos fungos nas espécies florestais Bauhinia cheilantha e Pityrocarpa moniliformis, pertencentes à família Fabaceae.

ABSTRACT Although ecotone areas occupy a significant extent in Piauí State, there is little information about these areas, especially regarding the presence of microorganisms. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of seasonality on the occurrence of fungal genera associated with forest species in an ecotone Cerrado-Caatinga in Piauí State, Brazil. The experimental area consisted of one-hectare fragment within a legal reserve, where five plots of 20m x 20m were established and the phytosociological survey was carried out. The collection of the material (healthy leaves and leaves with disease symptoms) was performed in two periods: the dry season (June and August/2017) and the rainy season (December/2017 and February/2018), totaling four collections. In the laboratory, isolation and purification of fungi were performed. The fungal identification was based on morphological characteristics and the use of identification keys. The relative abundance of fungi was calculated, and the data were submitted to multivariate cluster analysis. In total, 225 isolates were found, related to 15 fungal genera, associated with 10 forest species. The occurrence of fungi in the area was influenced by seasonal variation, with more isolates found in the dry period, as examples of important groups, whether beneficial or phytopathogenic microorganisms are: Trichoderma spp. and Lasiodiplodia spp. It was also observed that fungi are more likely to occur in forest species like Bauhinia cheilantha and Pityrocarpa moniliformis, belonging to the Fabaceae family.

ABSTRACT Rock powder and boiler ash are residues with a high potential for the fertilization of substrates to produce forestry seedlings. They are the source of macro and micronutrients, besides having an effect on soil pH. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the isolated application of rock power, boiler ash, dolomitic limestone and calcium carbonate on the reaction of soils with a sandy and clayey texture in the Cerrado Piauiense and on the growth and quality of ipê-amarelo seedlings. For this purpose, the pH values of soil in water and CaCl2 solution and the following morphophysiological parameters as indicators of the quality of forest seedlings were analyzed: length of the aerial part (LAP), and root (RL), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), total chlorophyll (TC), fresh mass of the aerial part (FMAP), fresh mass of the root (FMR), dry mass of the aerial part (DMAP), of the root (DMR) and total (TRM), and the DMAP/DMR and LAP/SD ratios and Dickson quality index (DQI). It was found that the rock powder and boiler ash residues change the pH values in clayey and sandy soils, and promote the growth and quality of ipê-amarelo seedlings.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to quantify the biomass and carbon stock in a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest remnant in southern Minas Gerais. Forest inventory data taken between 2010 and 2013 in permanent plots, was used to estimate biomass with an allometric equation. Basic wood density (Db) and carbon content were determined in the laboratory and the carbon stock was obtained by multiplying biomass by carbon content. The species with the lowest and highest Db were Nectandra lanceolata (0.38 g cm-3) and Machaerium villosum (0.77 g cm-3). The species that showed the lowest and highest carbon content values were Casearia decandra (41.85%) and Nectandra oppositifolia (46.57%). The biomass stock for the area was 126.92 ± 0.09 t ha-1, which corresponded to 55.91 ± 0.05 t ha -1 of carbon stock and a periodic annual increment of 3.07 t ha-1 year -1.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de níveis de sombreamento na produção de mudas de nim indiano (Azadirachta indica), visando a obtenção de mudas com maior padrão de qualidade. Foram adotados quatro tratamentos (pleno sol, 30%, 50% e 70% de sombreamento), dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições. Os parâmetros avaliados, aos 100 dias, foram: altura da parte aérea, diâmetro do coleto, relação altura/diâmetro, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, raízes e total, número de folhas e índice de qualidade de Dickson. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan a 5% de significância. Mudas produzidas a pleno sol apresentaram maior padrão de qualidade, sendo observados valores mais adequados para os parâmetros diâmetro do coleto, relação altura/diâmetro, massa fresca e seca das raízes, número de folhas e índice de qualidade de Dickson.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of levels of shading on the seedling production of Indian neem (Azadirachta indica), aiming to obtain seedlings with higher quality standard. Four treatments were adopted (full sun; 30%, 50% and 70% of shading), arranged in a completely randomized design, with six replications. The following parameters were evaluated after 100 days: height of the aerial part; root-collar diameter; height/diameter ratio; fresh and dry mass of shoots, roots and total; number of leaves; and Dickson quality index. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by the Duncan test at 5% significance level. Seedlings produced under full sun showed higher standard of quality, with more suitable values observed for the following parameters: root-collar diameter, height/diameter ratio, fresh and dry mass of roots, number of leaves, and Dickson quality index.