RESUMO Objetivo compreender as representações sociais de adolescentes sobre vulnerabilidades e riscos para contrair o HIV/Aids nas relações sexuais. Método estudo de representações sociais, realizado a partir de entrevistas individuais com 15 adolescentes e grupo focal com oito adolescentes de uma escola pública do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados no período de maio a outubro de 2016. Para tratamento dos dados, empregou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática-categorial com o auxílio do Software QSR Nvivo11. Resultados as categorias: riscos de contrair HIV/Aids nas relações sexuais; e dos riscos de contrair HIV/Aids nas relações sexuais às vulnerabilidades abrigam os temas não usar preservativo, ter usado álcool e/ou drogas, ter vários parceiros, ter dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de saúde e de educação sexual nas escolas; e não ter conversas com os pais ou familiares. Conclusão e implicações para a prática compreendeu-se que as representações sociais circulam no imaginário e no ambiente escolar, interferindo na realidade dos adolescentes. Propõe-se priorizar políticas públicas focadas nas dimensões emocionais, afetivas e sociais.

ABSTRACT Objective To understand social representations of adolescents about vulnerabilities and risks of contracting HIV/AIDS in sexual relations. Method Study of social representations, based on individual interviews with 15 adolescents and a focus group with eight adolescents from a public school in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Data were collected from May to October 2016. For the processing of data, the thematic-categorial content analysis technique was used with the aid of the QSR Nvivo11 Software. Results The categories: risks of contracting HIV/AIDS in sexual relations; and from the risks of contracting HIV/AIDS in sexual relations to the vulnerabilities cover the themes of not using condoms, having used alcohol and/or drugs, having several partners, having difficulties in accessing health and sex education services in schools; and not having conversations with parents or family members. Conclusion and implications for practice it was understood that social representations circulate in the imaginary and in the school environment, interfering in the reality of adolescents. It is proposed to prioritize public policies focused on the emotional, affective and social dimensions.

RESUMEN Objetivo comprender las representaciones sociales de adolescentes acerca de las vulnerabilidades y riesgos de contraer el VIH/SIDA en relaciones sexuales. Método estudio de representaciones sociales realizado a partir de entrevistas individuales con 15 adolescentes y un grupo focal con ocho adolescentes de una escuela pública en Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Los datos se recolectaron entre mayo y octubre de 2016. Para el tratamiento de los datos, se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido temático-categórico, con la ayuda del software QSR Nvivo11. Resultados las categorías riesgos de contraer el VIH/SIDA en las relaciones sexuales; y de los riesgos de contraer el VIH/SIDA en las relaciones sexuales a las vulnerabilidades que cubren los temas de no usar condón, haber consumido alcohol y/o drogas, tener varios pares, tener dificultades para acceder a los servicios de salud y de educación sexual en las escuelas; y no tener conversaciones con los padres o miembros de la familia. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica se entendió que las representaciones sociales circulan en el imaginario y en el ámbito escolar, interfiriendo en la realidad de los adolescentes. Se propone priorizar políticas públicas enfocadas en las dimensiones emocionales, afectivas y sociales.

RESUMO Objetivos: validar, por meio da Teoria da Resposta ao Item, instrumento sobre vulnerabilidade ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana e outras infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em pessoas em situação de rua. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado entre fevereiro e maio de 2018 com 100 pessoas em situação de rua. Aplicou-se um questionário sociodemográfico, outro com itens referentes a comportamentos vulneráveis ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Posteriormente, avaliou-se pela Teoria da Resposta ao Item. Resultados: validaram-se os itens diagnóstico prévio de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (F=0,473), parceiro com sintoma de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (F=0,518), uso de droga (F=0,509), sexo em troca de dinheiro (F=0,552), sintomas de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (F=0,448), quantidade de parceiro sexual (F=0,616), compartilhamento de perfurocortante (F=0,398) e ser vítima de violência sexual (F=0,347). Conclusões: o instrumento demonstrou-se validado, capaz de identificar vulnerabilidade ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana e outras infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em pessoas em situação de rua.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to validate, through the Item Response Theory, an instrument on vulnerability to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in homeless people. Methods: a cross-sectional study carried out between February and May 2018 with 100 homeless people in a municipality in northeastern Brazil. A sociodemographic questionnaire was applied, and another with items referring to behaviors vulnerable to HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Subsequently, it was assessed through the Item Response Theory. Results: the items previous diagnosis of STIs (F=0.473), partner with STI symptoms (F=0.518), drug use (F=0.509), sex for money (F=0.552), STI symptoms (F=0.448), number of sexual partners (F=0.616), sharps sharing (F=0.398) and being a victim of sexual violence (F=0.347) were validated. Conclusions: the instrument proved to be validated, being able to identify vulnerability to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in homeless people.

RESUMEN Objetivos: validar, a través de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem, un instrumento sobre vulnerabilidad al VIH y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual en personas en situación de calle. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado entre febrero y mayo de 2018 con 100 personas sin hogar en un municipio del Nordeste de Brasil. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y otro con ítems referentes a comportamientos vulnerables al VIH e infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS). Posteriormente, se evaluó a través de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem. Resultados: los ítems diagnóstico previo de ITS (F=0,473), pareja con síntomas de ITS (F=0,518), consumo de drogas (F=0,509), sexo a cambio de dinero (F=0,552), síntomas de ITS (F=0,448), número de parejas sexuales (F=0,616), compartir objetos punzocortantes (F=0,398) y ser víctima de violencia sexual (F=0,347) han sido validados. Conclusiones: el instrumento demostró ser validado, pudiendo identificar la vulnerabilidad al VIH y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual en personas sin hogar.

In Brazil, the entomological surveillance of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti is performed by government-mandated larval surveys. In this study, the sensitivities of an adult sticky trap and traditional surveillance methodologies were compared. The study was performed over a 12-week period in a residential neighbourhood of the municipality of Pedro Leopoldo, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. An ovitrap and a MosquiTRAP were placed at opposite ends of each neighbourhood block (60 traps in total) and inspections were performed weekly. The study revealed significant correlations of moderate strength between the larval survey, ovitrap and MosquiTRAP measurements. A positive relationship was observed between temperature, adult capture measurements and egg collections, whereas precipitation and frequency of rainy days exhibited a negative relationship.

Although the human-landing catch (HLC) method is the most effective for collecting anthropophilic anophelines, it has been increasingly abandoned, primarily for ethical considerations. The objective of the present study was to develop a new trap for the collection of Anopheles darlingi . The initial trials were conducted using the BG-Sentinel trap as a standard for further trap development based on colour, airflow direction and illumination. The performance of the trap was then compared with those of the CDC, Fay-Prince, counterflow geometry trap (CFG) and HLC. All trials were conducted outdoors between 06:00 pm-08:00 pm. Female specimens of An. darlingi were dissected to determine their parity. A total of 8,334 anophelines were captured, of which 4,945 were identified as An. darlingi . The best trap configuration was an all-white version, with an upward airflow and no required light source. This configuration was subsequently named BG-Malaria (BGM). The BGM captured significantly more anophelines than any of the other traps tested and was similar to HLC with respect to the number and parity of anophelines. The BGM trap can be used as an alternative to HLC for collecting anophelines.

INTRODUÇÃO: O conhecimento da fauna de culicídeos em estados da Amazônia Brasileira auxilia no conhecimento da bionomia dos insetos obtidos, além de possibilitar a observação de modificações da fauna ao decorrer do tempo. MÉTODOS: As capturas dos culicídeos foram realizadas em área extradomiciliar de duas zonas rurais de Porto Velho, durante junho e julho, nos anos de 2007 e 2008, com a armadilha BG-Sentinel®. RESULTADOs: Foram coletados 10.695 culicídeos, distribuídos em nove gêneros: Coquillettidia, Culex, Mansonia, Psorophora, Aedes, Aedeomyia, Anopheles, Uranotaenia e Wyeomyia. CONCLUSÕES: Foi registrada pela primeira vez no estado a presença de Mansonia (Mansonia) flaveola.

INTRODUCTION: Knowledge concerning the fauna of Culicidae in the Brazilian Amazon States contributes to current understanding of the bionomics of the insects collected and makes it possible to observe changes in the fauna over time. METHODS: The Culicidae were captured with a BG-Sentinel® trap in extra-domiciliary area of two rural regions of Porto Velho in June and July of 2007 and 2008. RESULTS: A total of 10,695 Culicidae was collected, belonging to nine genera: Coquillettidia, Culex, Mansonia, Psorophora, Aedes, Aedeomyia, Anopheles, Uranotaenia and Wyeomyia. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of Mansonia (Mansonia) flaveola was recorded in the State of Rondônia for the first time.

The number of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases has increased over the past 10 years in Brazil, especially in the North and Northeast regions of the country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urbanisation of VL vectors in Barcarena, Pará, an area in northern Brazil where VL is endemic. Sandflies were captured using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps along an urban-rural gradient. The CDC traps were installed inside hen houses at a height of 150 cm. A total of 5,089 sandflies were collected and 11 species were identified. The predominant species was Lutzomyia longipalpis (rate of 95.15%), which suggests its participation in the transmission of VL. A total of 1,451 Lu. longipalpis females were dissected and no Leishmania infections were detected. Most of the sandflies were captured at the border of a forest (88.25%) and no flies were captured in the urban area, which suggests that transmission is still restricted to rural sites. However, the fact that a specimen was collected in an intermediate area indicates that urbanisation is a real possibility and that vector monitoring is important.

The aim of this research was to characterize the social economical profi le problematic questions and attitudes of mothers who weaned their children precociously and were seen at a primary health care unit in Fortaleza - Ceara from June to August, 2007. It is a descriptive, explorative study, using quantitative approach, whose participants were 50 mothers with children who were less than one year of age. As a result we could observe that 58% were more than 25 years of age; 46% had high school level, 82% had accomplished pre natal medical care; 54% were primipara 66% didn’t work, 64% had low income, 54% had undergone cesarean section, 66% were oriented, 38% by the nurse, 54% breastfed up to 6 months and protect against diseases, 22% offer Just mother’s Milk and nipple formation, 46% think breastfeeding is comfortable, 52% had diffi culties in the practice, 78% had doubts in the technique, 88% the baby grows healthy. We may conclude that although most of these women consider mother’s Milk the Best option to feed the baby, weaned precociously. Thus, we can observe that the received information concerning the appropriate time for exclusive breastfeeding and its importance for the baby don’t seem enough to conduct appropriate practice.

Estudio cuyo objetivo fue caracterizar el perfi l socio-económico, cuestiones problemáticas y actitudes de madres que desmamaron precozmente sus hijos atendidos en la Unidad Básica de Salud en Fortaleza-Ceará, entre junio/agosto/2007. Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, con planteo cuantitativo, cuyas participantes fueron cincuenta madres con hijos menores de un año. Como resultado, se obtuvo: el 58% mayor de 25 años de edad; el 46% con enseñanza secundaria; el 82% hizo prenatal; el 54% primíparas; el 66% no trabajaba; el 64% renta baja; el 54% parto por cesárea; el 66% recibió orientación; el 38% por medio de la enfermera; el 54% amamantó hasta los seis meses y protege contra las enfermedades; el 22% ofrecer solamente leche materna y formación del pezón; al 46% les gusta amamantar; el 52% difi cultad en la práctica, el 78% dudas en la técnica; el 88% bebito crece sano. Se concluye que aunque la mayoría de esas mujeres considere la leche materna como la mejor opción de alimento para el niño, desmamaron precozmente. De esta forma, se observa que informaciones recibidas sobre el tiempo indicado para amamantar exclusivamente y su importancia para el bebito, no parecen ser bastante para llegar a una práctica adecuada.

Objetivou-se caracterizar o perfi l sócio-econômico, questões problemáticas e atitudes de mães que desmamaram precocemente seus fi lhos atendidos em Unidade Básica de Saúde de Fortaleza-Ceará, período junho/agosto/2007. Estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa, cujas participantes foram cinqüenta mães com fi lhos menores de um ano. Como resultado, obteve-se: 58% maior de 25 anos; 46% ensino médio, 82% realizaram pré-natal, 54% primíparas, 66% não trabalhavam, 64% renda baixa, 54% partos cesáreo, 66% receberam orientação, 38% pela enfermeira, 54% amamentar até seis meses e protege contra doenças, 22% oferecer somente leite materno e formação do mamilo, 46% acham confortável amamentar, 52% difi culdade na prática, 78% dúvidas na técnica, 88% bebê cresce saudável. Conclui-se que embora a maioria dessas mulheres considere o leite materno a melhor opção alimentar para a criança, desmamaram precocemente. Assim, observa-se que informações recebidas sobre o tempo indicado para o aleitamento exclusivo e sua importância para o bebê não parecem ser sufi cientes para se conduzir a uma prática adequada.