Resumo Uma nova espécie de Corumbataiaé descrita para o Rio Maranhão, na bacia do Rio Tocantins na região central do Brasil. A nova espécie é diagnosticada dos demais congêneres pela presença de uma pequena área nua na ponta do focinho; por possuir o abdômen coberto por pequenas placas formando um escudo que alcança as placas laterais mid-ventrais; perfil anterior da cabeça arredondado em vista dorsal; lábio inferior não alcançando a linha transversal da cintura peitoral; e presença de 28 ou 29 vértebras. Altos valores de divergência genética também suportam a validade dessa nova espécie. Nossa análise filogenética encontrou um subclado derivado em Corumbataia, aqui denominado grupo Corumbataia cuestae, composto pela nova espécie mais C. cuestae, C. tocantinensis, C. britskii, C. liliai e C. lucianoi. Esse grupo é definido por possuir uma crista conspícua de odontódeos hipertrofiados na cabeça; ausência de nadadeira adiposa ou série única de placas na posição da nadadeira adiposa; anastomose dos canais sensoriais infraorbital e ótico sobre o pterótico-supracleitro. Aqui, nós também restringimos a distribuição de C. tocantinensisà bacia do Rio Araguaia.

Abstract A new species of Corumbataia is described from Rio Maranhão, Rio Tocantins basin, central Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by the presence of a small, naked area on snout tip; by having the abdomen covered with small platelets forming a shield which reaches the lateral mid-ventral plates; by the anterior profile of the head rounded in dorsal view; by the lower lip not reaching the transversal line of the pectoral girdle; and by the presence of 28 or 29 vertebrae. High genetic divergence in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) further supports the validity of this new species. Our phylogenetic analysis shows a derived subclade in Corumbataia, herein named as the Corumbataia cuestae group, composed of the new species plus C. cuestae, C. tocantinensis, C. britskii, C. liliai, and C. lucianoi. This group is defined by having a conspicuous crest of hypertrophied odontodes on head; absence of the adipose fin or a single series of platelets at adipose-fin position; and anastomosis of the infraorbital and otic sensory canals over the pterotic-supracleithrum. Here we also restrict the distribution of C. tocantinensis to the Rio Araguaia basin.

This work presents results on the production and characterization (by both mass spectrometry and conventional chemical analyses) of Soluble Microbial Products (SMP) that accumulated in aerobic and anaerobic bench scale completely stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) fed with glucose or acetate under different hydraulic retention times (HRT) and temperatures. SMP accumulation varied from 2 to 68% of the influent COD in the aerobic reactor and from 9 to 27% in the anaerobic reactor and increased with the decrease in temperature and with the HRT reduction in the aerobic reactor. On the other hand, in the anaerobic reactor, the organic loading rate and the temperature had little impact on SMP production, implying that the SMP originated from different mechanisms in each system. For both reactors, a higher accumulation of SMPs was observed as the substrate was acetate when compared to glucose, and the chemical analysis showed that the majority of the SMP did not seem to be proteins or carbohydrates. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the mass spectra from positive and negative mode electron-spray ionization (LC-IT-TOF-MS) and results from matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) confirmed the chemical analyses and showed the absence of proteins in the effluents and the predominance of low molecular weight SMP. The PCA analysis also showed that the majority of the SMP from aerobic and anaerobic reactors did not seem to originate from soluble extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) or cell lysis products.