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Abstract Objective: To explore the relationship of undernutrition and the short duration of breastfeeding with child development of children 0–66 months of age residing in Ceará, Brazil. Methods: The authors of the present study utilized population-based data from children enrolled in the Study on Maternal and Child Health in Ceará, Brazi (PESMIC). Children’s development was assessed with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire third version, validated in Brazil. Undernutrition was accessed through anthropometric measures obtained by trained staff. Breastfeeding information was obtained through the mothers' report and confirmed in the child's governmental booklet. The authors used logistic regressions adjusted for sample clusters used in PESMIC design in a theoretical model for known determinants of child development following the World Health Organization nurturing framework. Results: A total of 3,566 children were enrolled in the sixth PESMIC study and had their development assessed. The authors found that 8.2%, 3.0%, 2.1%, and 3.6% of children were stunted, underweight, or wasted, at the time of the interview, respectively. All studied factors were associated with a higher prevalence of child development impairment in at least one of the assessed domains. Underweight was the factor with the strongest effect, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 4,14 (2,26–7,58), p < 0.001. Breastfeeding for up to two months compared to more than six months (AOR2,08 (1,38–3,12)) was also associated. Conclusions: The authors found that undernutrition and short duration of breastfeeding are associated with development outcomes among Brazilian children. As a result, integrated nutritional programs may improve child development outcomes.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2021.07.003

Digestible protein requirements for maintenance, growth, and efficiency of protein utilization in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles: an exponential nitrogen utilization model
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Mansano, Cleber F.M.

; Silva, Edney P.

; Khan, Kifayat U.

; Macente, Beatrice I.

; Nascimento, Thiago M.T.

; Sakomura, Nilva K.

; Fernandes, João B.K.

; Takahashi, Leonardo S.

Latin american journal of aquatic research

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Set 2021, Volume 49 Nº 4 Páginas 608 - 619

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to estimate digestible protein (DP) requirements for maintenance and growth and assess the efficiency of protein utilization in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles. A complete randomized design consisted of seven treatments, and five replicates (tanks) per treatment was used. After a one-week acclimation period, 350 pacu juveniles of 27.48 ± 1.8 g (initial average body weight - BW) were equally distributed among 35 tanks (10 fish per tank) of 450 L. Fish were fed with seven graded digestible protein levels (64.5, 111.8, 164.6, 217.1, 264.4, 316.2 and 369.5 g kg−1) three times a day until apparent satiation for 120 days. The monomolecular model parameters including nitrogen maintenance requirement (NMR) (37.76 mg BW0.67 kg−1 d−1), daily nitrogen deposition (ND) (194.8 mg BW0.67 kg−1 d−1), and protein intakes (based on metabolic BW) of 1638, 1902, and 2241 mg kg−1BW0.67 d−1 for 75, 80 and 85% maximum theoretical nitrogen retention (NRmaxT), respectively and the efficiency of protein utilization (529×10−6) were estimated through the relationship between nitrogen intake (NI) and ND. The digestible protein requirements for 75, 80, and 85% of NRmaxT were estimated as 187, 217, and 256 g kg−1 respectively by the monomolecular model based on the daily feed intake of 2% of live BW of pacu juveniles.

https://doi.org/10.3856/vol49-issue4-fulltext-2678 101 downloads

Histopathological and immunophenotypical characterization of canine multicentric lymphoma in Brazil: a study of 203 cases
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Jark, P.C.

; Fracacio, C.P.

; Anai, L.A.

; Silva, M.C.L.

; Calazans, S.G.

; Senhorello, I.L.S.

; Costa, M.T.

; Sequeira, J.L.

; Sueiro, F.A.R.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Mai 2020, Volume 72 Nº 3 Páginas 787 - 793

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O imunofenótipo é considerado um fator prognóstico independente em linfomas de alto grau, visto que os linfomas de origem de células T estão associados a menor tempo de sobrevida. Apesar de vários estudos terem avaliado o perfil imunofenotípico do linfoma nos EUA e na Europa, a pesquisa brasileira sobre o assunto ainda é escassa. A caracterização exata do tipo histopatológico é crucial para estabelecer o tratamento e o prognóstico adequados. Este estudo avaliou a base de dados de laboratórios de imuno-histoquímica que realizam imunofenotipagem do linfoma canino no Brasil. Um total de 203 casos de linfoma multicêntrico foi classificado de acordo com a classificação da OMS. A imunofenotipagem foi capaz de identificar 71,4% dos linfomas da linhagem de células B, 27,1% da linhagem de células T e 1,5% das linhagens de células não B e não T. O linfoma difuso de grandes células B foi o mais comum em 59,1% dos casos. Entre os linfomas de células T, o linfoblástico foi o mais comum (11, 33% dos casos). Embora os linfomas caninos tendam a ser de alto grau, os linfomas indolentes representaram 11,82% dos casos e o linfoma da zona T foi o mais prevalente (8,86%). O imunofenótipo do linfoma multicêntrico no Brasil é semelhante ao de outras partes do mundo, o que sugere fatores etiológicos semelhantes ao desenvolvimento dessa doença.

ABSTRACT The immunophenotype is regarded as an independent prognostic factor in high-grade lymphomas, seeing that lymphomas of T-cell origin are associated with shorter survival time. Although a number of studies have evaluated the immunophenotypical profile of lymphoma in the USA and Europe, Brazilian research on the matter remains scarce. Exact characterization of the histopathological type is crucial to establish proper treatment and prognosis. This study evaluated the database of immunohistochemistry laboratories that perform immunophenotyping of canine lymphoma in Brazil. A total of 203 cases of multicentric lymphoma were classified according to the WHO classification. Immunophenotyping was able to identify 71.4% lymphomas of B-cell line, 27.1% of T-cell line and 1.5% of non-B cells and non-T cell lines. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most common with 59.1% of the cases. Among T-cell lymphomas, lymphoblastic was the most common (11.33% of the cases). Even though canine lymphomas tend to be high-grade, indolent lymphomas comprised 11.82% of the cases and T-zone lymphoma was the most prevalent (8.86%). The immunophenotype of multicentric lymphoma in Brazil is similar to those in other parts of the world, which suggests similar etiologic factors to the development of this disease.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11484 797 downloads

Viability of using organic substrates according to toxicity tests and the antioxidant activities of tomato seeds and seedlings
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Marcon, Thaís R.

; Rafagnin-da-Silva, Alessandro

; Meira, Rennan O.

; Guedes, Luciana P.C.

; Corsato, Jaqueline M.

; Fortes, Andréa M.T.

International journal of agriculture and natural resources

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Abr 2020, Volume 47 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 11

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Plant growth can be directly influenced by the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of their substrates. We tested the viability of using alternative substrates derived from agroindustrial residues by evaluating their effects on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) germination and growth as well as the antioxidant activities in seeds and seedlings. The extracts were classified based on their principal carbon source: cotton waste (SA); sugarcane waste (SB); napier grass (SN); tree prunings (SP); and sawdust (SS). The chemical attributes of the substrates were analyzed, the physiological characteristics of tomato seed germination were determined, and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were measured in tomato seeds and seedlings. The extracts from tree prunings and sawdust showed the highest germination indices and root lengths, while the cotton and sugarcane waste extracts showed the lowest values for the same variables, with high pH and electric conductivity values indicating possible toxicity; increased activities of antioxidant enzymes needed to correct physiological imbalances were detected. The substrates deemed most suitable for seedling production were those derived from tree prunings and sawdust.

Resumen El crecimiento de las plantas puede estar directamente influenciado por las características físicas, químicas y biológicas de sus sustratos. Probamos la viabilidad de utilizar sustratos alternativos derivados de residuos agroindustriales mediante la evaluación de sus efectos sobre la germinación y el crecimiento del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.), así como sobre las actividades antioxidantes de sus semillas y plántulas. Los extractos se clasificaron en función de su principal fuente de carbono: residuos de algodón (SA); desechos de caña de azúcar (SB); napier grass (SN); podas de árboles (SP); y aserrín (SS). Se analizaron los atributos químicos de los sustratos, se determinaron las características fisiológicas de la germinación de la semilla de tomate y se midieron las actividades de las enzimas antioxidantes SOD, CAT y POD en semillas de tomate y plántulas. Los extractos de poda de árboles y aserrín mostraron los índices de germinación y longitud de raíz más altos, mientras que los extractos de algodón y residuos de caña de azúcar mostraron los valores más bajos de esas mismas variables, con altos valores de pH y conductividad eléctrica que apuntan a una posible toxicidad; se detectaron actividades incrementadas de enzimas antioxidantes para corregir los desequilibrios fisiológicos. Los sustratos considerados más adecuados para la producción de plántulas fueron los basados en poda de árboles y aserrín.

https://doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v47i1.1976 410 downloads

Retrospective study of radiographic changes in athletic bulls with orthopedic disorders
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Cholfe, Bruno F.

; Silva, José R.B.

; Filho, Alfredo M.

; Souza, Caroline G.

; Filho, Antônio M.T.

; Perri, Silvia H.V.

; Vulcano, Luiz C.

; Rodrigues, Celso A.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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Nov 2019, Volume 39 Nº 11 Páginas 858 - 862

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O objetivo desse trabalho foi demostrar quais lesões acometem touros atletas, correlacionando as desordens com peso, idade, membro e região afetada. O presente estudo foi realizado utilizando radiografias de touros atletas de rodeio, após levantamento dos prontuários clínicos e cirúrgicos do serviço de grandes animais de um hospital veterinário. Foram avaliadas radiografias de 136 touros que haviam sido atendidos em tal hospital, com idade variando de quatro a 13 anos, com média de peso de 800kg e realizavam participação em rodeios. Para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis estudadas foi utilizado o teste exato de Fischer e o Qui-quadrado. Observou-se que 71,6% dos touros estudados que claudicavam, apresentavam lesões radiográficas, predominantemente em animais mais experientes. A entesiopatia em todos os animais, artrite séptica nos touros iniciantes, fraturas e doença articular degenerativa nos touros mais experientes, foram as alterações radiográficas mais frequentes. As regiões com maior ocorrência de lesões radiográficas foram os dígitos. Os fatores de risco para ocorrência de doenças no sistema locomotor de touros atletas são diversos, similares aos que ocorrem nos equinos atletas.

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to demonstrate the lesions that affect athlete bulls and to correlate the disorders with weight, age, affected limb and region of the limb. The present study was accomplished using radiographic images of athletic rodeo bulls collected from the medical and surgical records of the large animal service at the veterinary hospital. Radiographic images were evaluated for 136 bulls that were taken care of at the Veterinary Hospital, ranging in age from 4 to 13 years, with an average weight of 800kg and proven prior physical activity through participation in rodeos. The chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the association between the studied variables. It was observed that 71.6% of the bulls studied and suffering from lameness had radiographic lesions, predominantly in experienced animals. Enthesopathy in starter and experienced bulls, septic arthritis in starter bulls, and fractures and degenerative joint disease in experienced bulls were the most frequent radiographic lesions diagnosed. The region of limb where the majority of radiographic changes occurred was the digits. Risk factors and occurrence of diseases of the locomotor system in athletic bulls are similar to those in sport equines.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6412 837 downloads

Influência de diferentes sistemas e curvas de congelamento na congelabilidade e fertilidade do sêmen equino
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Vita, B.

; Monteiro, G.A.

; Melo, C.M.

; Maziero, R.R.

; Carmo, M.T.

; Alvarenga, M.A.

; Dutra, P.A.

; Sancler-Silva, Y.F.R.

; Papa, F.O.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Jun 2019, Volume 71 Nº 3 Páginas 770 - 776

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Avaliou-se o efeito de curvas de congelação nos parâmetros espermáticos e na fertilidade, usando sêmen de alta e baixa congelabilidade. Experimento 1 - utilizou-se sêmen de quatro garanhões resistentes à congelação: grupo 1, palhetas refrigeradas até 5°C e congeladas com curva de -8°C/min; grupos 2 e 3, palhetas refrigeradas até 5°C (0,5°C/min.) e congeladas com curvas de -20°C/min e -10°C/min, respectivamente. Experimentos 2 e 3 - utilizaram-se cinco garanhões (Mangalarga Marchador), respectivamente, de alta e baixa congelabilidade: grupo 4, a mesma metodologia descrita no grupo 1; grupos 5 e 6, palhetas refrigeradas até 5°C (0,5°C/min) e congeladas com curva de -20°C/min, entre 5°C e -60°C, e -10°C/min, entre -60°C e -100ºC (grupo 5), e -25°C/min, de 5°C até -100°C (grupo 6). O sêmen foi avaliado após descongelamento pelo método computadorizado. No experimento 1, não houve diferença nos parâmetros avaliados. No experimento 2, os parâmetros motilidade total (MT) e motilidade progressiva foram superiores aos do grupo 6 em relação ao grupo 4. No experimento 3, a MT foi superior no grupo 6 em relação ao grupo 4. As curvas de congelação mais rápidas apresentaram melhores parâmetros de cinética espermática, após a descongelação, para o sêmen de garanhões da raça Mangalarga Marchador.

ABSTRACT The effect of freezing curves on sperm parameters and fertility, using resistant and sensitive semen to cryopreservation, was evaluated. In experiment 1, Semen from 4 stallions resistant to freezing was used: Group 1, straws were cooled to 5°C and frozen with a curve of - 8°C/min; Groups 2 and 3, straws were cooled to 5°C (0.5°C/min) and frozen with curves of - 20°C / min and - 10°C/min, respectively. In experiments 2 and 3, 5 stallions (Mangalarga Marchador) presenting respectively resistant and sensitive sperm to cryopreservation were used: Group 4, same methodology described for Group 1 was performed; Groups 5 and 6, straws were cooled to 5°C (0.5°C/min) and frozen with a curve of - 20°C/min. between 5°C and - 60°C and -10°C/min. between - 60°C and - 100°C (Group 5) and - 25°C/min. 5°C to - 100°C (Group 6). Thawed-semen was evaluated by the computerized method CASA. In Experiment 1, there was no difference in the evaluated parameters. In Experiment 2, total motility (MT) and progressive motility (PM) were higher in Group 6 compared to Group 4. In Experiment 3, TM was higher in Group 6 than Group 4. The faster freezing curves showed better parameters of sperm kinetics after thawing, for the Mangalarga Marchador stallion semen.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10526 1648 downloads

Where do we aspire to publish? A position paper on scientific communication in biochemistry and molecular biology
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Baptista, M.S.

; Alves, M.J.M.

; Arantes, G.M.

; Armelin, H.A.

; Augusto, O.

; Baldini, R.L.

; Basseres, D.S.

; Bechara, E.J.H.

; Bruni-Cardoso, A.

; Chaimovich, H.

; Colepicolo Neto, P.

; Colli, W.

; Cuccovia, I.M.

; Da-Silva, A.M.

; Di Mascio, P.

; Farah, S.C.

; Ferreira, C.

; Forti, F.L.

; Giordano, R.J.

; Gomes, S.L.

; Gueiros Filho, F.J.

; Hoch, N.C.

; Hotta, C.T.

; Labriola, L.

; Lameu, C.

; Machini, M.T.

; Malnic, B.

; Marana, S.R.

; Medeiros, M.H.G.

; Meotti, F.C.

; Miyamoto, S.

; Oliveira, C.C.

; Souza-Pinto, N.C.

; Reis, E.M.

; Ronsein, G.E.

; Salinas, R.K.

; Schechtman, D.

; Schreier, S.

; Setubal, J.C.

; Sogayar, M.C.

; Souza, G.M.

; Terra, W.R.

; Truzzi, D.R.

; Ulrich, H.

; Verjovski-Almeida, S.

; Winck, F.V.

; Zingales, B.

; Kowaltowski, A.J.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2019, Volume 52 Nº 9 elocation e8935

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The scientific publication landscape is changing quickly, with an enormous increase in options and models. Articles can be published in a complex variety of journals that differ in their presentation format (online-only or in-print), editorial organizations that maintain them (commercial and/or society-based), editorial handling (academic or professional editors), editorial board composition (academic or professional), payment options to cover editorial costs (open access or pay-to-read), indexation, visibility, branding, and other aspects. Additionally, online submissions of non-revised versions of manuscripts prior to seeking publication in a peer-reviewed journal (a practice known as pre-printing) are a growing trend in biological sciences. In this changing landscape, researchers in biochemistry and molecular biology must re-think their priorities in terms of scientific output dissemination. The evaluation processes and institutional funding for scientific publications should also be revised accordingly. This article presents the results of discussions within the Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, on this subject.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20198935 1769 downloads

The E3 ligase MuRF2 plays a key role in the functional capacity of skeletal muscle fibroblasts
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Silvestre, J.G.

; Baptista, I.L.

; Silva, W.J.

; Cruz, A.

; Silva, M.T.

; Miyabara, E.H.

; Labeit, S.

; Moriscot, A.S.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2019, Volume 52 Nº 9 elocation e8551

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Fibroblasts are a highly heterogeneous population of cells, being found in a large number of different tissues. These cells produce the extracellular matrix, which is essential to preserve structural integrity of connective tissues. Fibroblasts are frequently engaged in migration and remodeling, exerting traction forces in the extracellular matrix, which is crucial for matrix deposition and wound healing. In addition, previous studies performed on primary myoblasts suggest that the E3 ligase MuRF2 might function as a cytoskeleton adaptor. Here, we hypothesized that MuRF2 also plays a functional role in skeletal muscle fibroblasts. We found that skeletal muscle fibroblasts express MuRF2 and its siRNA knock-down promoted decreased fibroblast migration, cell border accumulation of polymerized actin, and down-regulation of the phospho-Akt expression. Our results indicated that MuRF2 was necessary to maintain the actin cytoskeleton functionality in skeletal muscle fibroblasts via Akt activity and exerted an important role in extracellular matrix remodeling in the skeletal muscle tissue.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20198551 790 downloads

Center of mass of a system of variable mass particles
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Thomaz, M.T.

; Silva, E.V. Corrêa

Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física

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2019, Volume 41 Nº 3 elocation e20180344

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract We study the dynamics of the center of mass (CM) of a set of particles when the number of particles in the system varies during a short interval of time, or when the value of the mass of one of the particles depends on time. We show that in both situations, while the population or mass of the system varies, the linear momentum of the CM differs from the total linear momentum of the system. During this time interval, the dynamics of the CM is driven by the external forces that act on the system plus transient forces that depend on the position and velocity of the CM. This dynamics is applied to study the time evolution of the vector position of the CM of a system of free particles moving on an air rail in which the mass of one the particles varies in a short time interval. We want to show it to students that with the knowledge and tools they have at an elementary Mechanics course they can formulate and answer questions which are not in the textbooks.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9126-rbef-2018-0344 3062 downloads

10.

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from leaves of Croton heliotropiifolius in different seasons of the year
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Alencar Filho, José M.T. de

; Araújo, Luciana da C.

; Oliveira, Ana P.

; Guimarães, Amanda L.

; Pacheco, Alessandra G.M.

; Silva, Fabrício S.

; Cavalcanti, Leonardo S.

; Lucchese, Angélica M.

; Almeida, Jackson R.G. da S.

; Araújo, Edigênia C. da C.

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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Ago 2017, Volume 27 Nº 4 Páginas 440 - 444

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This paper reports the first study of the variation of the chemical composition and abundance of the essential oil of Croton heliotropiifolius, in four seasons, and the evaluation of its antibacterial activity. Essential oil obtained from leaves of C. heliotropiifolius were analyzed by GC/MS and evaluated against eight bacteria strains by broth microdilution method. The chemical constituents identified were the same in all samples, but with different proportions. The total percentages identified were 96.58% in summer, 92.08% in autumn, 98.44% in winter and 90.78% in spring. The majors constituents are β-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, germacrene-D, limonene and 1,8-cineole. β-Caryophyllene was the major compound in all samples. The results of the antibacterial evaluations showed weak to moderate activity against the analyzed strains. In all analyzes was observed that essential oil sample collected in summer stands out from the others, displaying stronger activity against Gram-positive as Gram-negative bacteria.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2017.02.004 1562 downloads

11.

Climate conditions associated with the occurrence of antimicrobial and macrocyclic lactone residues in bulk tank milk
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Picinin, L.C.A.

; Toaldo, I.M.

; Hoff, R.B.

; Souza, F.N.

; Leite, M.O.

; Fonseca, L.M.

; Diniz, S.A.

; Silva, M.X.

; Haddad, J.P.A.

; Cerqueira, M.M.O.P.

; Bordignon-Luiz, M.T.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Abr 2017, Volume 69 Nº 2 Páginas 474 - 482

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O presente trabalho objetivou identificar fatores climáticos associados à ocorrência de resíduos de antimicrobianos e lactonas macrocíclicas em amostras de leite de tanque por análise multivariada de componentes principais (ACP). Para o presente trabalho, 132 amostras de leite cru foram coletadas em fazendas leiteiras localizadas no estado de Minas Gerais (Brasil) e analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e espectrometria de massas in tandem para detecção de 35 analitos, incluindo antimicrobianos e lactonas macrocíclicas. Das 132 amostras de leite analisadas, detectou-se pelo menos um analito em 34 (25,76%) amostras. A ACP demonstrou que a presença de resíduos de antimicrobianos no leite de tanque ocorreu menos frequentemente nos dias com maior temperatura média, temperatura máxima e índice de temperatura e umidade. Por outro lado, a umidade relativa foi inversamente associada à presença de resíduos antimicrobianos no leite. A ACP demonstrou associação entre a presença de resíduos de lactonas macrocíclicas no leite e a produção diária de leite, e a presença de resíduos de lactonas macrocíclicas ocorreu menos frequentemente nos meses com maiores índices pluviométricos. Dessa forma, conclui-se que alguns índices climáticos, como temperatura média, temperatura máxima e índice de temperatura e umidade, podem predizer períodos com maior risco de ocorrência de resíduos de antimicrobianos, em contraste com a umidade relativa. Além disso, o risco de resíduos de lactonas macrocíclicas no leite de tanque foi maior nos meses com menores índices pluviométricos.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to identify the climate condition parameters that are associated with the occurrence of antimicrobial and macrocyclic lactone residues in bulk tank milk using a multivariate principal components analysis (PCA). A total of 132 raw milk samples were collected at dairy farms in Minas Gerais State in Brazil and analyzed for 35 analytes, comprising macrocyclic lactones and antibacterials, using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in tandem mode spectrometry. Of the 132 samples, 34 (25.76%) bulk tank milk samples were positive for at least one analyte. PCA showed that antimicrobial residues in bulk tank milk occurred less frequently on days with a higher average temperature, maximum temperature and temperature-humidity index. In contrast, relative humidity was inversely associated with antimicrobial residues in raw milk. The PCA showed that daily milk production was also related to macrocyclic lactone residues, while rainfall showed an inverse association. Thus, some climate conditions, such as average temperature, maximum temperature and temperature-humidity index, can predict the moments with lower risk of occurrence of antimicrobial residues in bulk tank milk, in contrast to relative humidity. Furthermore, the risk of macrocyclic lactone residues in bulk tank milk was higher in months with less rainfall.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8854 929 downloads

12.

Spontaneous poisoning by Prosopis juliflora (Leguminosae) in sheep
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Almeida, Valdir M.

; Rocha, Brena P.

; Pfister, James A.

; Medeiros, Rosane M.T.

; Riet-Correa, Franklin

; Chaves, Hisadora A.S.

; Silva Filho, Givaldo B.

; Mendonça, Fábio S.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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Fev 2017, Volume 37 Nº 2 Páginas 110 - 114

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o primeiro caso de intoxicação espontânea por Prosopis juliflora em ovinos. De um total de 500 ovinos sob risco, quatro ovinos machos adultos foram afetados. Um ovino morreu espontaneamente e os outros foram examinados, eutanasiados e necropsiados. Realizaram-se exames clínicos direcionados particularmente para funções de nervos motores e sensoriais-craniais. Avaliou-se hemograma, perfil bioquímico sérico e urinálise. A evolução da doença foi crônica e para apresentar sinais de intoxicação os ovinos tiveram que ingerir uma dieta contendo 80% das vagens de P. Juliflora durante 21 meses. Os níveis de creatinofosfoquinase estavam significativamente elevados. Os sinais clínicos consistiram em sialorreia, mandíbula pendulosa, protusão da língua e perda de alimento pela boca. As lesões macroscópicas e microscópicas foram similares àquelas reportadas previamente em bovinos e caprinos. Ovinos são mais resistentes à intoxicação por P. Juliflora, tendo em vista que foi necessário 21 meses de consumo das vagens para que os ovinos apresentassem sinais clínicos. Não há tratamento específico para a intoxicação por P. Juliflora em ruminantes.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to describe the first report of spontaneous poisoning by Prosopis juliflora in sheep. From flock of 500 sheep at risk, four adult male sheep were affected. One died spontaneously and three other were examined, euthanized and necropsied. Neurologic examination focused particularly on motor and sensory-cranial nerve function, complete blood counts, serum biochemistry and urinalysis were done. The evolution of the disease was chronic and to present signs of poisoning, sheep had to ingest a diet containing at least 80% of P. juliflora pods during 21 months. The biochemistry revealed a substantial increase in creatine phosphokinase levels. Clinical signs included drooling of saliva, dropped jaw, tongue protrusion and loss of food from the mouth. Gross and histological lesions were similar to those previously reported in cattle and goats. Sheep are more resistant to poisoning by P. juliflora considering that it took 21 months of pod consumption to show clinical signs. There is no specific treatment for P. juliflora poisoning in ruminants.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000200003 2432 downloads

13.

Concomitant stress potentiates the preference for, and consumption of, ethanol induced by chronic pre-exposure to ethanol
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Morais-Silva, G.

; Fernandes-Santos, J.

; Moreira-Silva, D.

; Marin, M.T.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2016, Volume 49 Nº 1 elocation e5009

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Ethanol abuse is linked to several acute and chronic injuries that can lead to health problems. Ethanol addiction is one of the most severe diseases linked to the abuse of this drug. Symptoms of ethanol addiction include compulsive substance intake and withdrawal syndrome. Stress exposure has an important role in addictive behavior for many drugs of abuse (including ethanol), but the consequences of stress and ethanol in the organism when these factors are concomitant results in a complex interaction. We investigated the effects of concomitant, chronic administration of ethanol and stress exposure on the withdrawal and consumption of, as well as the preference for, ethanol in mice. Male Swiss mice (30–35 g, 8-10 per group) were exposed to an ethanol liquid diet as the only source of food for 15 days. In the final 5 days, they were exposed to forced swimming stress. Twelve hours after removal of the ethanol liquid diet, animals were evaluated for ethanol withdrawal by measuring anxiety-related behaviors and locomotor activity. Twenty-four hours after evaluation of ethanol withdrawal, they were evaluated for voluntary consumption of ethanol in a “three-bottle choice” paradigm. Mice exposed to chronic consumption of ethanol had decreased locomotor activity during withdrawal. Contrary to our expectations, a concomitant forced swimming stress did not aggravate ethanol withdrawal. Nevertheless, simultaneous ethanol administration and stress exposure increased voluntary consumption of ethanol, mainly solutions containing high concentrations of ethanol. These results showed that stressful situations during ethanol intake may aggravate specific addiction-related behaviors.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20155009 1420 downloads

14.

Effect of exercise training on ventilatory efficiency in patients with heart disease: a review
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Prado, D.M.L.

; Rocco, E.A.

; Silva, A.G.

; Rocco, D.F.

; Pacheco, M.T.

; Furlan, V.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2016, Volume 49 Nº 7 elocation e5180

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The analysis of ventilatory efficiency in cardiopulmonary exercise testing has proven useful for assessing the presence and severity of cardiorespiratory diseases. During exercise, efficient pulmonary gas exchange is characterized by uniform matching of lung ventilation with perfusion. By contrast, mismatching is marked by inefficient pulmonary gas exchange, requiring increased ventilation for a given CO2 production. The etiology of increased and inefficient ventilatory response to exercise in heart disease is multifactorial, involving both peripheral and central mechanisms. Exercise training has been recommended as non-pharmacological treatment for patients with different chronic cardiopulmonary diseases. In this respect, previous studies have reported improvements in ventilatory efficiency after aerobic exercise training in patients with heart disease. Against this background, the primary objective of the present review was to discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in abnormal ventilatory response to exercise, with an emphasis on both patients with heart failure syndrome and coronary artery disease. Secondly, special focus was dedicated to the role of aerobic exercise training in improving indices of ventilatory efficiency among these patients, as well as to the underlying mechanisms involved.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20165180 2540 downloads

15.

Effects of continuous vs interval exercise training on oxygen uptake efficiency slope in patients with coronary artery disease
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Prado, D.M.L.

; Rocco, E.A.

; Silva, A.G.

; Rocco, D.F.

; Pacheco, M.T.

; Silva, P.F.

; Furlan, V.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2016, Volume 49 Nº 2 elocation e4890

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) is a submaximal index incorporating cardiovascular, peripheral, and pulmonary factors that determine the ventilatory response to exercise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of continuous exercise training and interval exercise training on the OUES in patients with coronary artery disease. Thirty-five patients (59.3±1.8 years old; 28 men, 7 women) with coronary artery disease were randomly divided into two groups: continuous exercise training (n=18) and interval exercise training (n=17). All patients performed graded exercise tests with respiratory gas analysis before and 3 months after the exercise-training program to determine ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT), respiratory compensation point, and peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2). The OUES was assessed based on data from the second minute of exercise until exhaustion by calculating the slope of the linear relation between oxygen uptake and the logarithm of total ventilation. After the interventions, both groups showed increased aerobic fitness (P<0.05). In addition, both the continuous exercise and interval exercise training groups demonstrated an increase in OUES (P<0.05). Significant associations were observed in both groups: 1) continuous exercise training (OUES and peak VO2 r=0.57; OUES and VO2 VAT r=0.57); 2) interval exercise training (OUES and peak VO2 r=0.80; OUES and VO2 VAT r=0.67). Continuous and interval exercise training resulted in a similar increase in OUES among patients with coronary artery disease. These findings suggest that improvements in OUES among CAD patients after aerobic exercise training may be dependent on peripheral and central mechanisms.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X20154890 2867 downloads

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