Pesquisa | SciELO

Natural additives with antioxidant properties can be used as biodegradable and sustainable alternatives to synthetic products, because they can inhibit the biodiesel oxidation reaction, increasing oxidative stability and extending its storage period. This research evaluated the efficiency of jabuticaba peels, gabiroba leaves, and hibiscus flowers in ethanolic extracts, analyzing through the simplex-centroid design, the induction periods (IP) and rate constants (k) of the biodiesel oxidation reaction at 110 °C. Antioxidant activity was observed in all extracts, either decreasing k or increasing the IP. The mathematical models obtained showed coefficients of determination greater than 0.9400, a non-significant lack of fit at the 5% level, and low dispersion between predicted and experimental data, indicating that the 1st order reaction fit was appropriate and can be used for predictive purposes. In this work, the optimization was performed with maximization of IP and minimization of k showing that the mixture containing 25% of jabuticaba peels extract and 75% of gabiroba leaves extract was the most suitable, because proportionally increased the IP and decreased k of the biodiesel oxidation reaction. It is possible to suggest the use of jabuticaba peels extract or gabiroba leaves extract as well as various combinations between them as antioxidant additives.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230090

Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders guidelines for the treatment of adult obsessive-compulsive disorder. Part II: cognitive-behavioral therapy
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Mathis, Maria Alice de

; Chacon, Priscila

; Boavista, Rodrigo

; de Oliveira, Marcos Vinícius Sousa

; de Barros, Pedro Macul Ferreira

; Echevarria, Marco Antonio Nocito

; Ferrão, Ygor Arzeno

; Vattimo, Edoardo Filippo de Queiroz

; Lopes, Antônio Carlos

; Torres, Albina Rodrigues

; Diniz, Juliana Belo

; Fontenelle, Leonardo

; do Rosário, Maria Conceição

; Shavitt, Roseli Gedanke

; da Silva, Renata de Melo Felipe

; Miguel, Eurípedes Constantino

; Costa, Daniel Lucas da Conceição

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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Out 2023, Volume 45 Nº 5 Páginas 431 - 447

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Objectives: To summarize evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment and propose clinical interventions for adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: The literature on CBT interventions for adult OCD, including BT and exposure and response prevention, was systematically reviewed to develop updated clinical guidelines for clinicians, providing comprehensive details about the necessary procedures for the CBT protocol. We searched the literature from 2013-2020 in five databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, PsycINFO, and Lilacs) regarding study design, primary outcome measures, publication type, and language. Selected articles were assessed for quality with validated tools. Treatment recommendations were classified according to levels of evidence developed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association. Results: We examined 44 new studies used to update the 2013 American Psychiatric Association guidelines. High-quality evidence supports CBT with exposure and response prevention techniques as a first-line treatment for OCD. Protocols for Internet-delivered CBT have also proven efficacious for adults with OCD. Conclusion: High-quality scientific evidence supports the use of CBT with exposure and response prevention to treat adults with OCD.

https://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2023-3081

Sialendoscopy for treatment of major salivary glands diseases: a comprehensive analysis of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses
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Kallas-Silva, Lucas

; Azevedo, Maria Fernanda Dias

; Matos, Fátima Cristina Mendes de

; Petrarrolha, Silvia Picado

; Dedivitis, Rogério Aparecido

; Kulcsar, Marco Aurélio Vamondes

; Matos, Leandro Luongo

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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Out 2023, Volume 89 Nº 5 elocation 101293

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objectives: Sialendoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat obstructive salivary gland diseases. Previous studies in the topic have shown mixed results. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sialendoscopy through previous systematic reviews for different outcomes of several diseases. We also aimed to assess studies’ methodological quality and heterogeneity. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature search of Pubmed, Embase, Lilacs and Cochrane Library. We included systematic reviews and meta-analyses that used sialendoscopy to treat both lithiasic and alithiasic salivary glands diseases. Data extraction included studies' characteristics and results. We assessed studies' methodological quality using the AMSTAR-2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2) tool. Results: 13 studies were included in the review, being 9 in adult populations and 4 in pediatric populations. Sialendoscopy proved to be effective at the treatment of different lithiasic and other obstructive diseases, but with important heterogeneity. The technique was also considered highly safe in most studies. However, studies had a critically low quality of evidence. Conclusions: Most studies demonstrated high efficacy and safety of sialendoscopy, but with critically low quality of evidence. We still lack randomized studies in this field, and future systematic reviews on the topic should follow current guidelines to improve conduction and reporting.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2023.101293

Guía de práctica clínica para el manejo del cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas: enfermedad extensa
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Cabrera-Miranda, Luis A.

; Díaz-García, Diego A.

; Corona-Cruz, José F.

; Lozano-Ruiz, Francisco J.

; Sánchez-Reyes, Roberto

; Álvarez-Bojórquez, Mario E.

; Blake-Cerda, Mónika

; Rivera-Márquez, Raúl

; López-Saucedo, Raúl A.

; Pérez-Álvarez, Sandra I.

; Bolaño-Guerra, Laura M.

; Alatorre-Alexander, Jorge A.

; Alexander-Meza, Francisco

; Barrón-Barrón, Feliciano

; Blanco-Vázquez, Yazmín C.

; Campos-Gómez, Saúl

; Mata-Moya, Dolores de la

; Figueroa-Martínez, Pedro

; González-Cisneros, Paulina E.

; Íñiguez-García, Marco A.

; Lázaro-León, Jesús M.

; Loyola-García, Ulises

; Morales-Rivera, Marcelino

; Olivares-Torres, Carlos

; Ramos-Ramírez, Maritza

; Sáenz-Frías, Julia A.

; Silva-Bravo, Fernando

; Trejo-Rosales, Rogelio

; Souto-del Bosque, Miguel

; Arrieta, Óscar

Gaceta mexicana de oncología

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Jun 2023, Volume 22 Nº 2 Páginas 55 - 73

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: El cáncer de células pequeñas (CPCP) representa el 13-15% del total de neoplasias primarias de pulmón. Se caracteriza por su rapidez en la tasa de crecimiento y en el desarrollo de metástasis a distancia. Objetivos: Orientar y estandarizar el tratamiento del CPCP enfermedad extensa en México basado en evidencia clínica nacional e internacional. Material y métodos: Este documento se desarrolló como una colaboración del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología y la Sociedad Mexicana de Oncología en cumplimiento con estándares internacionales. Se integró un grupo conformado por oncólogos médicos, cirujanos oncólogos, cirujanos de tórax, radio-oncólogos y metodólogos con experiencia en revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura y guías de práctica clínica. Resultados: Se consensaron, por el método Delphi y en reuniones a distancia, las recomendaciones en CPCP enfermedad extensa, producto de preguntas de trabajo. Se identificó y evaluó la evidencia científica que responde a cada una de dichas preguntas clínicas antes de incorporarla al cuerpo de la guía. Conclusión: Esta guía proporciona recomendaciones clínicas para el manejo de la enfermedad extensa del CPCP y durante el proceso de toma de decisiones de los clínicos involucrados con su manejo en nuestro país para mejorar la calidad de la atención clínica para estos pacientes.

Abstract Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents 13-15% of all primary lung neoplasms and is characterized by its rapid growth rate and the rapid development of distant metastases. Objectives: To guide and standardize the treatment of extensive disease small cell lung cancer in Mexico based on national and international clinical evidence. Material and methods: This document was developed as a collaboration between the National Cancer Institute and the Mexican Society of Oncology in compliance with international standards. An interdisciplinary group was formed, including medical oncologists, oncological surgeons, thoracic surgeons, radiation oncologists, and methodologists with experience in systematic reviews of the literature and clinical practice guidelines. Results: A consensus was reached, both by the Delphi method and in remote meetings, of extensive disease recommendations resulting from work questions. The scientific evidence that answers each of these clinical questions was identified and critically evaluated, before being incorporated into the body of evidence of the Guide. Conclusions: This Clinical Practice Guide provides clinical recommendations for the management of extensive disease of SCLC to contribute to the decision-making process of the clinicians involved with its management in our country, hoping that this will contribute to improving the quality of clinical care in these patients.

https://doi.org/10.24875/j.gamo.22000122

One-year impact of COVID-19 pandemic on renal replacement therapy and kidney transplantation in a tertiary center in Southern Brazil
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Teichmann, Pedro do Valle

; Moschetta, Marina Oliboni

; Franco, Rodrigo Fontanive

; Vicari, Alessandra Rosa

; Nunes, Gérson Luiz da Silva

; Lazzaretti, Maria Angela Kalil Nader

; Gomes, Miriam Gressler

; Dorigoni, Silvia Maria

; Dall’Agnol, Paulo Roberto

; Klafke, Adriana

; Thomé, Fernando Saldanha

; Spuldaro, Fabio

; Agra, Homero

; Almeida, Rafael de

; Lara, Darlan Martins

; Bauer, Andrea Carla

; Karhol, Cristina

; Manfro, Roberto Ceratti

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology

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Jun 2023, Volume 45 Nº 2 Páginas 210 - 217

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Introduction: Patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) and kidney transplant recipients (KTR) present multiple factors that may increase the risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and impact of COVID-19 in RRT patients and KTRs. Methods: Between March 2020 and February 2021, we monitored the RRT population of thirteen dialysis facilities that refer patients for transplantation to our center, a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil. In the same period, we also monitor COVID-19 incidence and mortality in our KTR population. Demographical, clinical, and COVID-19-related information were analyzed. Results: We evaluated 1545 patients in the dialysis centers, of which 267 (17.4%) were infected by COVID-19 and 53 (19.9%) died. Among 275 patients on the kidney transplant waiting list, 63 patients (22.9%) were infected and seven (11.1%) died. COVID-19 was the leading cause of death (29.2%) among patients on the waiting list. Within the population of 1360 KTR, 134 (9.85%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 20 (14.9%) died. The number of kidney transplants decreased by 56.7% compared with the same period in the previous twelve months. Conclusion: In the study period, patients on RRT and KTRs presented a high incidence of COVID-19 and high COVID-19-related lethality. The impact on the patients on the transplant waiting list was less pronounced. The lethality rate observed in both cohorts seems to be related to age, comorbidities, and disease severity.

Resumo Introdução: Pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) e receptores de transplante renal (RTR) apresentam múltiplos fatores que podem aumentar o risco de óbito por doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar incidência e impacto da COVID-19 em pacientes em TRS e RTR. Métodos: Entre Março de 2020 e Fevereiro de 2021, monitoramos a população em TRS de treze unidades de diálise que encaminham pacientes para transplante ao nosso centro, um hospital terciário no Sul do Brasil. No mesmo período, também monitoramos a incidência e mortalidade da COVID-19 em nossa população de RTR. Foram analisadas informações demográficas, clínicas e relacionadas à COVID-19. Resultados: Avaliamos 1545 pacientes nos centros de diálise, dos quais 267 (17,4%) foram infectados pela COVID-19 e 53 (19,9%) foram a óbito. Entre 275 pacientes na lista de espera para transplante renal, 63 (22,9%) foram infectados e sete (11,1%) foram a óbito. COVID-19 foi a principal causa de óbito (29,2%) entre pacientes na lista de espera. Dentre a população de 1360 RTR, 134 (9,85%) foram diagnosticados com COVID-19 e 20 (14,9%) foram a óbito. O número de transplantes renais diminuiu em 56,7% comparado ao mesmo período nos doze meses anteriores. Conclusão: No período do estudo, pacientes em TRS e RTR apresentaram alta incidência de COVID-19 e alta letalidade relacionada à COVID-19. O impacto nos pacientes na lista de espera para transplante foi menos pronunciado. A taxa de letalidade observada em ambas as coortes parece estar relacionada à idade, comorbidades e gravidade da doença.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2022-0034en

Mathematical Mapping Study of Synthetic Antioxidants Behavior in Biodiesel: Application of the Self-Organized Feature Map (SOFM) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)
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Clemente, Marco A. J.

; Silva, Heloisa H. P.

; Campos, Julia W.

; Silva, Nathan F.

; Sousa, Eduardo G.

; Mantovani, Ana C. G.

; Angilelli, Karina B.

; Borsato, Dionisio

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Mai 2023, Volume 34 Nº 5 Páginas 684 - 693

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The objective of the present work was to apply self-organizing feature maps (SOFM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) to evaluate the protective capacity of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) antioxidants against the biodiesel oxidation reaction. For this, the antioxidant concentration and the biodiesel compliance parameters were used as continuous input variables and the type of antioxidant as a categorical. The SOFM proved to be an adequate tool for the classification of biodiesel samples containing antioxidants. The performance of the 5 most active networks of the model ranged from 89 to 99% for training, testing, and validation with an error below 1.42 × 10-4. Statistical tests applied to validate the model showed no significant difference between predicted and experimental values. The global sensitivity analysis showed that the relative protection factor (RPF) contributed with 34.89%, the antioxidant with 31.49%, the induction period with 10.69%, the water content with 6.00%, and the others all together with 16.93% in the construction of the regression models by MLP.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220139

DNA rare copy number alterations in Reinke’s Edema
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Móz, Luis Eduardo Silva

; Martins, Regina Helena Garcia

; Lapa, Rainer Marco Lopez

; Villacis, Rolando André Rios

; Reis, Patricia Pintor dos

; Rogatto, Silvia Regina

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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Abr 2023, Volume 89 Nº 2 Páginas 279 - 284

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Introduction: Reinke’s Edema (RE) is a laryngeal lesion related to excessive tobacco smoking, voice overuse, and laryngopharyngeal reflux. Although the risk of malignancy has been considered low in literature, RE is classified among precancerous lesions. Objectives: We investigated DNA Copy Number Alterations (CNAs) in specimens of RE and its potential association with malignant progression. Methods: We used array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH, Agilent 4 × 180 K platform) to study eight RE cases. All patients were heavy tobacco users for at least 30 years, and none of them progressed to cancer in the follow-up (>8 years). Two RE presented mild dysplasia, one moderate dysplasia, and no histological alterations were found in the remaining five cases. CNAs were compared with the Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) and genes mapped on altered regions had their functions annotated. Results: Six of eight patients showed different rare copy number alterations on chromosomes 2q37.3, 4q13.1, 4q13.3, 7q11.22, 10p14, and 13q34. A gain of the whole chromosome 8 were detected in one case. Of interest, four of eight RE cases showed copy number imbalances involving genes previously described in several tumor types (RASA3, COL6A3, LINC00707, LINP1, SMR3A, and SMR3B). Conclusion: The genomic imbalances herein found in RE have the potential to contribute to the phenotype but with limited or no risk of cancer. A long-term follow-up in a large series of patients could clarify the mechanisms involved in the malignant progression of RE. Level of evidence: 4.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2022.09.002

Examining differences in brain metabolism associated with childhood maltreatment and suicidal attempts in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: a PET and machine learning study
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Duarte, Dante

; Schütze, Manuel

; Elkhayat, Mazen

; Neves, Maila de Castro

; Romano-Silva, Marco A.

; Correa, Humberto

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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Abr 2023, Volume 45 Nº 2 Páginas 127 - 131

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Objective: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a significant risk factor for the development and severity of bipolar disorder (BD) with increased risk of suicide attempts (SA). This study evaluated whether a machine learning algorithm could be trained to predict if a patient with BD has a history of CM or previous SA based on brain metabolism measured by positron emission tomography. Methods: Thirty-six euthymic patients diagnosed with BD type I, with and without a history of CM were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Suicide attempts were assessed through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-Plus) and a semi-structured interview. Resting-state positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose was conducted, electing only grey matter voxels through the Statistical Parametric Mapping toolbox. Imaging analysis was performed using a supervised machine learning approach following Gaussian Process Classification. Results: Patients were divided into 18 participants with a history of CM and 18 participants without it, along with 18 individuals with previous SA and 18 individuals without such history. The predictions for CM and SA were not significant (accuracy = 41.67%; p = 0.879). Conclusion: Further investigation is needed to improve the accuracy of machine learning, as its predictive qualities could potentially be highly useful in determining histories and possible outcomes of high-risk psychiatric patients.

https://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2022-2811

Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders guidelines for the treatment of adult obsessive-compulsive disorder. Part I: pharmacological treatment
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de Oliveira, Marcos Vinícius Sousa

; de Barros, Pedro Macul Ferreira

; de Mathis, Maria Alice

; Boavista, Rodrigo

; Chacon, Priscila

; Echevarria, Marco Antonio Nocito

; Ferrão, Ygor Arzeno

; Vattimo, Edoardo Felippo de Queiroz

; Lopes, Antônio Carlos

; Torres, Albina Rodrigues

; Diniz, Juliana Belo

; Fontenelle, Leonardo F.

; Rosário, Maria Conceição do

; Shavitt, Roseli Gedanke

; Miguel, Eurípedes Constantino

; da Silva, Renata de Melo Felipe

; Costa, Daniel Lucas da Conceição

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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Abr 2023, Volume 45 Nº 2 Páginas 146 - 161

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Objectives: To summarize evidence-based pharmacological treatments and provide guidance on clinical interventions for adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: The American Psychiatric Association (APA) guidelines for the treatment of OCD (2013) were updated with a systematic review assessing the efficacy of pharmacological treatments for adult OCD, comprising monotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), clomipramine, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and augmentation strategies with clomipramine, antipsychotics, and glutamate-modulating agents. We searched for the literature published from 2013-2020 in five databases, considering the design of the study, primary outcome measures, types of publication, and language. Selected articles had their quality assessed with validated tools. Treatment recommendations were classified according to levels of evidence developed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA). Results: We examined 57 new studies to update the 2013 APA guidelines. High-quality evidence supports SSRIs for first-line pharmacological treatment of OCD. Moreover, augmentation of SSRIs with antipsychotics (risperidone, aripiprazole) is the most evidence-based pharmacological intervention for SSRI-resistant OCD. Conclusion: SSRIs, in the highest recommended or tolerable doses for 8-12 weeks, remain the first-line treatment for adult OCD. Optimal augmentation strategies for SSRI-resistant OCD include low doses of risperidone or aripiprazole. Pharmacological treatments considered ineffective or potentially harmful, such as monotherapy with antipsychotics or augmentation with ketamine, lamotrigine, or N-acetylcysteine, have also been detailed.

https://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2022-2891

10.

Optimization of automated preparation of long oval-shaped root canals using supplementary instrumentation
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Castro-Perez, Marco Antonio

; Nabeshima, Cleber Keiti

; Silva, Emmanuel. J. N. L.

; Valdivia, José Edgar

; Gavini, Giulio

; Machado, Manoel Eduardo de Lima

Brazilian Dental Journal

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Mar 2023, Volume 34 Nº 2 Páginas 35 - 40

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract This study compared the preparation of long oval-shaped root canals using WaveOne Gold and XP-endo Shaper systems, both supplemented or not with manual instrumentation. Twenty-four long oval-shaped canals of mandibular incisors were distributed into two groups according to the instrumentation: WaveOne Gold Primary or XP-endo Shaper systems. All root canals were manually instrumented with a size 25 K-file after automated preparation. The specimens were scanned by using a micro-CT device (17.42 µm) before and after automated preparation and manual instrumentation. The increased surface of the root canal and the percentage of untouched areas were assessed. Both WaveOne Gold and XP-endo Shaper systems increased the root canal surface and had similar untouched areas (p>0.05). Supplementary instrumentation increased the surface of the root canal and decreased the untouched walls (p<0.05). WaveOne Gold and XP-endo Shaper systems provided a similar preparation of long oval-shaped canals and manual instrumentation improved their preparation.

Resumo Este estudo comparou o preparo de canais radiculares ovais longos usando os sistemas WaveOne Gold e XP-endo Shaper, ambos complementados ou não com instrumentação manual. Vinte e quatro canais longos e ovais de incisivos inferiores foram distribuídos em dois grupos de acordo com a instrumentação: sistemas WaveOne Gold Primary ou XP-endo Shaper. Todos os canais foram instrumentados manualmente com uma lima K tamanho 25 após preparo automatizado. Os espécimes foram escaneados usando um dispositivo de micro-CT (17,42 µm) antes e após o preparo automatizado e instrumentação manual. O aumento de superfície do canal radicular e a porcentagem de áreas intocadas foram avaliadas. Ambos os sistemas WaveOne Gold e XP-endo Shaper aumentaram a superfície do canal radicular e apresentaram áreas intocadas semelhantes (p>0,05). A instrumentação complementar aumentou a superfície do canal radicular e diminuiu o percentual de áreas intocadas (p <0,05). Os sistemas WaveOne Gold e XP-endo Shaper tiveram o preparo de canais ovais longos semelhantes, e a instrumentação manual melhorou o preparo.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202305231

11.

Performance Analysis of a Distributed Optical Fiber Vibration Sensor Based on a Sagnac Interferometer
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Ozcáriz, Aritz

; Weber, Guilherme Heim

; Gomes, Danilo Fernandes

; Costa, Igor Brutkowski Vieira da

; Galvão, José Rodolfo

; Martins, Victor Matheus

; Pipa, Daniel R.

; Silva, Marco J.

; Silva, Jean Carlos Cardozo da

; Zamarreño, Carlos Ruiz

; Martelli, Cicero

Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications

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Mar 2023, Volume 22 Nº 1 Páginas 77 - 90

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract In this work, measuring capabilities of a Sagnac Interferometer-based Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor (DOFS) system are demonstrated by comparing its results to a conventional amplitude-based Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) system. Through a set of three different experiments, it was demonstrated that both sensing systems can detect and locate dynamical deformation along the fiber, in addition to determining its frequency components. The coherent amplitude-based DAS presented a lower background noise. In contrast, even though the Sagnac interferometry-based system presented low-frequency noise in the measurements, it is less susceptible to harmonic distortion for higher amplitude deformations since its sensing principles rely on the measurement of the accumulated phase rather than the amplitude of the backscattered signal purely. Accordingly, the Sagnac interferometry-based system arises as a promising and rather accessible topology for a DOFS implementation. work Interferometerbased Interferometer based (DOFS amplitudebased (DAS experiments fiber components contrast interferometrybased interferometry lowfrequency low measurements purely Accordingly implementation

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1265391

12.

Biostimulant use in pangolão grass Digitaria pentzii subjected to saline stress
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Leite, Mauricio L. de M. V.

; Silva, Manuévely C. da

; Simões, Vicente J. L. P.

; Lucena, Leandro R. R. de

; Sales, Aldo T.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Jan 2023, Volume 27 Nº 1 Páginas 26 - 33

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A salinidade causada pelo excesso de sais na solução do solo é um dos estresses ambientais mais limitantes na agricultura no mundo. Nesse cenário, dentre as estratégias para favorecer a expressão do potencial genético das plantas, destaca-se o uso de bioestimulantes. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência de um bioestimulante à base de extrato de algas marinhas no crescimento, produção de forragem, trocas gasosas e acúmulo de íons sódio e potássio em capim-pangolão Digitaria pentzii, submetido a condições de estresse salino. O experimento foi conduzido de março a julho de 2019, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 × 3, com duas concentrações do bioestimulante (0 e 8 mL L-1) e três condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (0,03; 2 e 4 dS m-1), com quatro repetições. O acúmulo de 50 µmol g-1 de sódio nas folhas correspondeu a uma redução de 0,3 g de matéria seca na produção de lâminas foliares por vaso. O bioestimulante não influenciou as características estruturais do capim-pangolão, acúmulo de fitomassa e condutância estomática, independentemente da salinidade. No nível de 4 dS m-1 na água de irrigação, a toxicidade do estresse iônico devido ao acúmulo de sais na parte aérea do capim-pangolão é mais severa. Esta é a primeira evidência da tolerância “moderada” à salinidade do capim-pangolão em regiões semiáridas.

ABSTRACT Salinity caused by excess salts in soil solutions is one of the most limiting environmental stresses in agriculture worldwide. In this scenario, among strategies that favor the expression of the genetic potential of plants, the use of biostimulants stands out. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a seaweed-based biostimulant on growth, forage production, gas exchange, and accumulation of sodium and potassium ions in pangolão grass (Digitaria pentzii) under saline stress. The experiment was conducted from March to July 2019 using a randomized block design, in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme with two concentrations of biostimulant (0 and 8 mL L-1) and three electrical conductivities of irrigation water (0.03, 2 and 4 dS m-1), with four replicates. The accumulation of 50 µmol g-1 of sodium in leaves corresponded to a reduction of 0.3 g of dry matter in the leaf blade production per plot. The biostimulant did not influence the structural characteristics, phytomass accumulation, or stomatal conductance of the pangolão grass, regardless of salinity. At the level of 4 dS m-1 in irrigation water, the ionic stress toxicity due to the accumulation of salts in the aerial part of pangolão grass was more severe. This is the first evidence of the “moderate” salinity tolerance of pangolão grass in semi-arid regions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n1p26-33

13.

Accumulation and decomposition of cultural residues of Theobroma grandiflorum, Paullinia cupana, Bixa orellana and forest in the southern region of Amazonas
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Paula, E. M. B.

; Cunha, J. M.

; Campos, M. C. C.

; Silva, D. M. P.

; Silva, C. L.

; Lima, A. F. L.

; Mantovanelli, B. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e264237

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The litter deposited on the soil surface at various stages of decomposition is important for primary productivity that impacts the microbial communities and soil carbon storage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation and decomposition of cultural residues of Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex. Spreng) Schum, Paullinia cupana (Mart.) Ducke, Bixa orellana L., and forest in the Amazon region. The study was carried out in the São Francisco settlement, Canutama in the south of Amazonas, in a randomized block experimental design, and the treatments consisted of four areas with different crops: 1 - P. cupana; 2 - T. grandiflorum; 3 - B. orellana; 4 - Native woodland area (forest), in time subdivided plots: 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, and 330 days after the distribution of the bags in the field, all with four repetitions. To evaluate the contribution and fractions of litter, conical collectors were used in each area, and collections were performed monthly in the period from March 2020 to February 2021. The estimate of the decomposition rate of the litter was done by quantifying the loss of mass, using litter bags, which allow for a direct analysis of the rate of decay over time. The forest and P. cupana environments presented the highest litter production, and greater deposition when compared to environments cultivated with T. grandiflorum and B. orellana. The forest and B. orellana areas showed the highest speed of decomposition, while the opposite situation occurred under T. grandiflorum and P. cupana cultivation.

Resumo A serrapilheira depositada na superfície do solo, em vários estágios de decomposição tem importância na produtividade primária que impacta nas comunidades microbianas e estocagem de carbono no solo. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o acúmulo e decomposição dos resíduos culturais de cupuaçu, guaraná, urucum e floresta na região do Amazonas. O estudo foi realizado no assentamento São Francisco, Canutama no Sul do Amazonas, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualisados, sendo que os tratamentos constaram de quatro áreas com diferentes culturas: 1- Guaraná; 2 – Cupuaçu; 3 – Urucum; 4 – Área de mata nativa (floresta), em parcelas subdivididas no tempo: 07, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 e 300, 330 dias após a distribuição das sacolas no campo, todas com 04 repetições. Para avaliar o aporte e frações dá serapilheira, foram utilizados coletores cônicos em cada área, sendo as coletas realizadas mensalmente no período de março de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021. A estimativa da taxa de decomposição da serrapilheira foi realizada pela quantificação da perda de massa, utilizando-se litter bags, os quais permitem analisar de forma direta a taxa de decaimento ao longo do tempo. Os ambientes de floresta e guaraná apresentaram as maiores produções de serapilheira, e maior deposição quando comparados aos ambientes cultivados com cupuaçu e urucum. As áreas de floresta e urucum apresentaram a maior velocidade de decomposição, já a situação inversa ocorreu sob o cultivo do cupuaçu e guaraná.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.264237

14.

Simulation of the diffusion process of NaCl and KCl in olive pulp using the finite element method
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Clemente, Marco A. J.

; Silva, Heloisa H. P.

; Silva, Nathan F.

; Campos, Julia W.

; Sousa, Eduardo G. de

; Silva, Hágata C.

; Mantovani, Ana C. G.

; Angilelli, Karina B.

; Borsato, Dionisio

Química Nova

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2023, Volume 46 Nº 3 Páginas 229 - 235

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The simultaneous diffusion of inorganic components in the olive pulp in wet brine was modeled based on Fick’s generalized 2nd Law and simulated using the finite element method. The main and crossed diffusion coefficients, the film coefficient and the Biot number were determined, with the application of the simplex optimization method, through the minimization of the percentage errors. The errors between the simulated and experimental data were 5.35% for NaCl and 4.77% for KCl and the adjusted main diffusion coefficients were 0.4358 × 10-12 m2 s-1 for NaCl and 0.5408 × 10-12 m2 s-1 for KCl. The system developed to simulate diffusion allows the control and modulation of the salts content that diffuses through the olive pulp.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230005

15.

Diffuse Reflectance FTIR of Latent Fingerprints and Discriminant Analysis for Sex Identification in Humans
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Souza, Marco Antonio de

; Santos, Alexandre S.

; Silva, Sebastião William da

; Braga, Jez Willian B.

; Sousa, Marcelo Henrique

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2023, Volume 34 Nº 6 Páginas 819 - 825

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Latent fingerprint is an important crime scene evidence, but it is not always recoverable or technically suitable for analysis with fingerprint patterns. Forensic science has shown that other information can be explored from traces using chemical compounds. Infrared spectroscopy is a nondestructive technique that is widely applied to a variety of forensic evidence. In this work, infrared spectroscopy and partial least square discriminant analysis were used to determine the human sex based on latent fingermark analysis. Fingerprint samples were taken from 42 male and female donors, then kept in either dark or light storage conditions, and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were measured considering a period of up to 30 days from collection. The regions from 3000 to 2800 cm-1 and 1790 to 1150 cm-1 presented the greatest differences in the peak intensities among the two sex groups. The results showed a correct discrimination rate higher than 80%.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220150

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