Resumen El objetivo fue caracterizar térmicamente las instalaciones durante las fases de crecimiento y finalización de los cerdos y evaluar la influencia de los sistemas de control climático en la expresión de los comportamientos de los cerdos. El experimento se realizó en la Universidad Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, PE, Brasil, durante la primavera de 2019. Se utilizaron 27 cerdos de 63 días. Los animales fueron sometidos a corrales sin sistema de climatización, con ventilación forzada y con sistema de enfriamiento adiabático evaporativo. Se registraron la temperatura de bulbo seco (° C), la humedad relativa del aire (%), la temperatura del globo negro (° C) y las respuestas de comportamiento de los cerdos, sometidas a análisis multivariante, utilizando la técnica de componentes principales. Los corrales con sistema de enfriamiento adiabático evaporativo mostraron una reducción significativa de la temperatura del aire y un aumento de la humedad relativa del aire, durante las dos fases. Los cerdos sometidos a enfriamiento evaporativo mostraron mayor actividad ingestiva y comportamiento letárgico, propio de las fases estudiadas.

Abstract The objective was to thermally characterize the facilities during the growth and finishing phases of pigs and to evaluate the influence of climate control systems on the expression of the behaviors of pigs. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil, during the spring of 2019. Twenty-seven pigs aged 63 days were used. The animals were submitted to pens without climate control system, with forced ventilation, and with an evaporative adiabatic cooling system. Dry bulb temperature (°C), relative air humidity (%), black globe temperature (°C), and swine behavioral responses were recorded, submitted to multivariate analysis, using the principal component technique. Pens with the evaporative adiabatic cooling system showed a significant reduction in air temperature and an increase in relative air humidity, during the two phases. Pigs submitted to evaporative cooling showed greater ingestive activity and lethargic behavior, typical of the studied phases.

BACKGROUND Breastfeeding or gestation in schistosomotic mothers can cause long-term alterations in the immune response of offspring. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) (all classes), the production of cytokines by T and B lymphocytes and macrophages, and the frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+-cells in adult offspring born and/or suckled by schistosomotic mothers. METHODS We harvested splenocytes from offspring born to (BIM), suckled by (SIM), or born to/suckled by (BSIM) schistosomotic mothers and animals from noninfected mothers (Control) at seven-weeks old and cultured them with/without Concanavalin A. HDAC expression was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and cytokines and membrane markers were evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). FINDINGS Compared to Control, BIM mice showed increased expression of HDAC9 and frequency of CD4+IL-10+-cells. The SIM group had increased expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6, HDAC7, HDAC10, Sirt2, Sirt5, Sirt6, and Sirt7. The BSIM group only had increased HDAC10 expression. The SIM and BSIM groups exhibited decreased frequencies of CD4+IL-4+-cells and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+-cells, along with a higher frequency of CD14+IL-10+-cells and an increase in CD45R/B220+IL-10+-cells. The BSIM group also showed a high frequency of CD4+IL10+-cells. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Breastfeeding induced the expression of HDACs from various classes involved in reducing inflammatory responses. However, gestation enhanced the expression of a single HDAC and breastfeeding or gestation appears to favour multiple IL-10-dependent pathways, but not cells with a regulatory phenotype.

ABSTRACT We evaluated the technical feasibility of purified glycerin inclusion in balanced diets of broiler chickens treated from 1 to 42 days of age. A total of 240 broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized design into four treatments (0, 2, 4, and 6% purified glycerin inclusion), with six replicates of 10 broilers each. We evaluated productive performance (at 7, 21, and 42 days), edible viscera (heart, liver, and gizzard), carcass yield and cuts, color, chemical and physical composition, as well as protein and fat deposition in the breast muscle. Dietary inclusion of purified glycerin reduced feed conversion and increased feed intake, weight gain, and weight at seven days. From 1 to 21 days, there was a decrease in feed conversion and a linear increase in weight gain, with no effect on feed intake. Considering the total experimental period, increasing glycerin levels increased weight gain and weight at 42 days, with no effects on feed conversion or feed intake. Similarly, there was no effect on carcass and cut yields, liver and gizzard yields, and weight or length of the intestine, while heart yield was decreased. There was a linear increase in crude protein, ether extract, protein, and fat deposition and a reduction in moisture percentages, with no effect on ash content. Purified glycerin levels did not affect a*, b*, L*, pH, temperature, shear force, or weight loss by cooking in breast meat. The dietary inclusion of purified glycerin of up to 6% proved to be technically feasible in the diets of broilers from 1 to 42 days.

RESUMO Foram avaliados o desempenho e a cor da pele de frangos de corte de crescimento lento no período de 30 a 90 dias, alimentados com dietas com diferentes inclusões de bagaço de mandioca e colorífico de urucum. 308 frangos de corte de crescimento lento foram utilizados em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial com tratamento adicional 3 X 2 + 1, sendo três níveis de colorífico de urucum como agente pigmentante (1%, 2% e 3%), dois níveis de bagaço de mandioca (10% e 20%) e um tratamento adicional (dieta de controle), totalizando sete tratamentos, quatro repetições e 11 frangos de corte por unidade experimental. O consumo de ração e a conversão alimentar foram influenciados pelos tratamentos, com interação. O ganho de peso e o peso final foram influenciados pelos tratamentos (p<0,001) e os melhores resultados foram encontrados para a inclusão de 10% de bagaço de mandioca e 2% de colorífico de urucum. Não houve efeito dos tratamento e nenhuma interação sobre o rendimento da carcaça. Os parâmetros de cor L *, a * e b * não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos. É recomendável a inclusão de bagaço de mandioca a 10% e 1% de colorífico de urucum para frangos de crescimento lento de 30 a 90 dias de idade. No entanto, o uso desses ingredientes provou ser economicamente inviável.

SUMMARY The performance and breast skin color of slow-growing broilers from 30 to 90 days old fed diets with different inclusions of cassava bagasse and annatto colorific were evaluated. 308 slow-growing broilers were used in a completely randomized experimental design, in a factorial scheme with an additional treatment 3 X 2 + 1, with three levels of annatto colorific as a pigmentant agent (1%, 2% and 3%), two levels of cassava bagasse (10% and 20%) and an additional treatment (control diet), totaling seven treatments, four replicates and 11 broilers per experimental unit. Feed intake and feed conversion were affected by treatments, with interaction. The weight gain and final weight were influenced by the treatments and the best results were found for the inclusion of 10% cassava bagasse and 2% annatto colorific. There was no effect of treatment and no interaction on carcass yield. The color parameters L*, a* and b* were not influenced by treatments. The inclusion of 10% cassava bagasse and 1% annatto colorific for slow-growing broilers from 30 to 90 days of age is recommended. However, the use of these ingredients proved to be economically unfeasible.

The use of eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors in metallurgical processing has increased interest due to the reduced environmental impact. Hence, the inhibitory effect of Aniba canelilla (Lauraceae) extract was studied in the corrosion of carbon steel in 1.0 mol∙L-1 hydrochloric acid solution. This acid is used during the surface treatment of steel processing. The carbon steel protection was observed by varying the extract concentration from 50 to 300 mg∙L-1. Polarization curves revealed that this extract acted as an adsorption inhibitor decreasing both anodic and cathodic current densities. A relatively high inhibition corrosion efficiency, close to 97%, was obtained with plant stem extracts by gravimetric measurements. Weight loss measurements showed that the extract remains active for at least 72 hours at room temperature. The adsorption process of this extract is properly represented by the Langmuir isotherm. Atomic force microscopy shows that inhibited acid medium produces a smooth surface.

RESUMO Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito da gravidade específica de ovos de matrizes pesadas com diferentes idades no rendimento de incubação e no peso dos pintos pós-eclosão. Foram utilizados 3.072 ovos oriundos de dois lotes de matrizes pesadas, linhagem Cobb – 500®. Os ovos foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x4, com duas idades de matrizes (53 e 64 semanas) e quatro diferentes densidades (1.070, 1.075, 1.080, 1.085), totalizando oito tratamentos e quatro repetições (com 96 ovos por unidade experimental). As variáveis avaliadas foram o peso do ovo (g), a taxa de eclosão (%), a taxa de fertilidade (%), a perda de peso dos ovos durante o período de incubação (%) e a relação do peso dos pintos/peso dos ovos (%). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, sendo que o efeito das densidades foi avaliado por meio de regressão polinomial e o efeito da idade das matrizes pelo teste F, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. As perdas de peso dos ovos, exceto para as densidades de 1.075 e 1.085, oriundos de matrizes com 53 e 64 semanas de idade, respectivamente, apresentaram-se dentro dos valores recomendados na literatura. O peso do pinto ao nascer foi proporcional ao peso do ovo, representando em média 68% e sem diferenças entre a idade das matrizes e as diferentes densidades. A idade da matriz exerceu influência no rendimento de incubação, sendo as maiores taxas de fertilidade e eclosão total (p<0,05) obtida pelos ovos oriundos de matrizes com 53 semanas de idade.

SUMMARY The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of specific gravity of eggs from broiler breeders of different ages in the yield of incubation and the weight of post-hatch chicks. Were used 3.072 eggs from two batches of broiler breeders, Cobb - 500®. The eggs were distributed a completely randomized design in a 2x4 factorial design with two broiler breeder ages (53 and 64 weeks) and four different egg densities (1.070, 1.075, 1.080, 1.085), totaling eight treatments and four replications (with 96 eggs per experimental unit). The evaluated variables were the egg weight (g), the hatching rate (%), the fertility rate (%), the weight loss of eggs during the incubation period (%) and the ratio of the weight of the chicks/egg weight (%). The results were submitted to analysis of variance, being that the effect of density was assessed by polynomial regression and the age effect of breeders by F test at 5% probability. Weight losses of eggs, except for the densities of 1,075 and 1,085, from breeders with 53 and 64 weeks of age, respectively, were within the values recommended in the literature. The chick weight was proportional to the weight of the egg, representing on average 68% and no differences between age and density of broiler breeders. The age of the breeders exerted influence on the yield of incubation, and the best results (p<0.05) obtained by eggs from breeders with 53 weeks of age.

Resumo Embalagens de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD) pós-consumo foram coletadas e moídas. Após processamento em extrusora de rosca dupla, o material definido como PEAD reciclado (mistura de embalagens brancas, marfins e incolores) foi injetado e as propriedades mecânicas de resistência à tração e resistência ao impacto foram avaliadas e comparadas com uma amostra de PEAD comercial. A análise térmica, através da calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), a microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e a análise estatística dos resultados experimentais também foram conduzidas. Em relação à resistência à tração, a diferença entre as amostras de PEAD reciclado e PEAD comercial foram tão pouco expressivas que, dentro das condições experimentais adotadas, se pôde afirmar que o material reciclado é equivalente ao comercial. Por sua vez, o modelo cinético aplicado na análise térmica revelou que a amostra de PEAD comercial demonstra um processo de nucleação e crescimento dos cristais mais homogêneo e simples, embora a energia de ativação seja consideravelmente maior do que o das demais amostras de PEAD.

Abstract High density polyethylene (HDPE) post-consumption bottles were collected and milled. After processing in a twin screw extruder, material defined as recycled HDPE (mixture of white, ivory and colorless bottles) was injection molded and mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and impact strength, were evaluated and compared with a commercial HDPE sample. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and statistical analysis of the experimental results were also carried out. Regarding tensile strength, difference between samples of recycled HDPE and commercial HDPE was so insignificant that, within the adopted experimental conditions, one might say that recycled and commercial materials are equivalent. In turn, kinetic model used in the thermal analysis showed that commercial HDPE presents process of nucleation and growth of crystals more simple and homogeneous, while activation energy is significantly higher than the other samples of HDPE.

Abstract The objective of this study was to describe an interviewer training and calibration method to evaluate oral health literacy using the Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) in epidemiological studies. An experienced researcher (gold standard) conducted all training sessions. The interviewer training and calibration sessions included three different phases: theoretical training, practical training, and calibration. In the calibration phase, six interviewers (dentists) independently assessed 15 videos of individuals who had different levels of oral health literacy. Accuracy and reproducibility were evaluated using the kappa coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The percentage of agreement for each word in the instrument was also calculated. After training, the kappa values were higher than 0.911 and 0.893 for intra- and inter-rater agreement, respectively. When the results were analyzed separately for the different levels of literacy, the lowest agreement rate was found when evaluating the videos of individuals with low literacy (K = 0.871), but still within the range considered to be near-perfect agreement. The ICC values were higher than 0.990 and 0.975 for intra- and inter-rater agreement, respectively. The lowest percentage of agreement was 86.6% for the word “hipoplasia” (hypoplasia). This interviewer training and calibration method proved to be feasible and effective. Therefore, it can be used as a methodological tool in studies assessing oral health literacy using the BREALD-30.

<p>O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade técnica e econômica da inclusão da farinha do mesocarpo do babaçu, em dietas de frangos de corte de 22 a 42 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 80 frangos de corte, machos, da linhagem Cobb 500^®, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (0; 6; 12 e 18% de inclusão da farinha do mesocarpo de babaçu)e cinco repetições, sendo cada parcela experimental composta por 4 aves. Aos 42 dias de idade as aves e as rações experimentais foram pesadas para obtenção do desempenho (consumo de ração, ganho peso e conversão alimentar). O ganho de peso e oconsumo de ração foram afetados pelos tratamentos (P<0,05), não havendo efeito para conversão alimentar, rendimento de carcaça e cortes nobres (P>0,05).Foram observadas diferenças (P<0,05) no sangue para os níveis de albumina, onde a inclusão de 12% demonstrou menores níveis.O menor custo com alimentação por kg de GP foi obtido com a ração com 6% de inclusão da FMB, o que resultou na maior margem bruta. Concluiu-se que a farinha do mesocarpo do babaçu é técnica e economicamente viável em até 6% em rações para frangos de corte de 22 a 42 dias de idade.</p>

<p>The work was to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of including the inclusion of the babassumesocarp flour in diets for broilers from 22 to 42 days old. 80 broilers, male Cobb 500^® line were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 6, 12 and 18 % inclusion flour babassumesocarp) and five replicates and each plot were used consisting of 4 birds. At 42 days of age the birds and the experimental diets were weighed for obtaining performance (feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion). Weight gain and feed intake were affected by treatments (P < 0.05), with no effect on feed conversion, carcass yield and prime cuts (P > 0.05). Differences (P< 0.05) on blood levels of albumin, where the addition of 12% showed lower levels were observed. The lowest feed cost per kg GP was obtained in the diet with 6 % inclusion of FMB, which resulted in higher gross margin. It was concluded that the flour from babassumesocarp is technically and economically feasible in up to 6 % in diets for broilers from 22 to 42 days old.</p>