ABSTRACT In a breeding program, the estimation of genetic progress over the years provides a broad view of the program as well as grounds for optimal decision-making. In this respect, the present study proposes to estimate the genetic progress of 54 soybean cultivars released to the Brazilian Midwest between the years 2000 and 2017. Two experiments were conducted during the 2017/18 crop year. Grain yield (GY), maturity group (MG), 100-seed weight (100SW), number of pods per plant (NPP), number of seeds per pod (NSP) and plant height (PH) were evaluated. Genetic progress was estimated by the direct methodology and by linear regression. According to the direct method, the average annual genetic progress was positive for GY (1.92%), 100SW (2.69%), NPP (2.31%), NSP (1.10%) and PH (0.32%), but negative for MG (-0.44%). The results obtained using both methodologies agree on the obtained increases for GY and 100SW and the decreases for MG.

RESUMO Em um programa de melhoramento genético, a estimativa do progresso genético ao longo dos anos fornece uma visão ampla do programa, bem como bases para uma ótima tomada de decisão. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo se propõe a estimar o progresso genético de 54 cultivares de soja lançadas para o Centro-Oeste brasileiro entre os anos de 2000 e 2017. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na safra 2017/18. Foram avaliados o rendimento de grãos (RG), grupo de maturidade (GM), peso de 100 sementes (P100), número de vagens por planta (NVP), número de sementes por vagem (NSP) e altura de planta (AP). O progresso genético foi estimado pela metodologia direta e por regressão linear. De acordo com o método direto, o progresso genético anual médio foi positivo para GR (1,92%), P100 (2,69%), NVP (2,31%), NSP (1,10%) e AP (0,32%), mas negativo para GM (- 0,44%). Os resultados obtidos por ambas as metodologias concordam com os aumentos obtidos para RG e P100 e decréscimos para GM.

ABSTRACT In irrigated soils, a continuous state of high moisture reduces resistance of the soil to applied external forces, favouring compaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility to compaction of developed calcareous soils in irrigated annual and perennial cropping systems of the Apodi Plateau, located in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Four areas of irrigated crops were evaluated: banana after two (B2) and 15 (B15) years cultivation, pasture (P), and a corn and beans succession (MB), as well as the reference areas for soil quality and corresponding natural vegetation (NVB2, NVB15, NVP and NVMB). Samples were collected at layers of 0.00-0.10 and 0.20-0.30 m; and for B2 and B15, samples were collected in the row and inter-row spaces. The following properties were determined: degree of compactness (DC), preconsolidation pressure (σp), compression index (Cc), maximum density (ρmax), critical water content (WCcrit), total organic carbon (TOC) and carbon of light organic matter (Clom). Mean values were compared by the t-test at 5, 10, 15 and 20 % probability. An increase was seen in DC at a layer of 0.20-0.30 m in MB (p<0.15), showing the deleterious effects of preparing the soil by ploughing and chiselling, together with the cumulative traffic of heavy machinery. The TOC had a greater influence on ρmax than the stocks of Clom. Irrigation caused a reduction in Cc, and there was no effect on σp at field capacity. The planting rows showed different behaviour for Cc, ρmax, and WCcrit,, and in general the physical properties displayed better conditions than the inter-row spaces. Values for σp and Cc showed that agricultural soils display greater load-bearing capacity and are less susceptible to compaction in relation to soils under natural vegetation.

A total of 1.500 male Cobb 500 broilers were used to determine the optimal digestible lysine level for 18 to 40-day-old broilers. The experimental period started when broilers were 18 days old and had an initial average weight of 737 ± 20 g. A completely randomized experimental design was applied, with five lysine levels, totaling five treatments with 10 replicates of 30 birds each. The experimental diets contained equal energy and protein levels, and 0.86, 0.95, 1.04, 1.13, and 1.22% digestible lysine. The following parameters were evaluated: average body weight at 40 days of age, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield and parts yield, and abdominal fat percentage. There was a quadratic effect (p<0.05) of digestible lysine levels on average body weight at 40 days of age, daily weight gain, and breast yield, and a cubic effect on feed conversion ratio and abdominal fat. There was no influence of lysine levels of daily feed intake, carcass yield, leg, or wing yields. It was concluded that digestible lysine requirements for male broilers during the evaluated period was 1.22% for performance and 1.04% for carcass yield.

Cinqüenta e oito genótipos de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), sendo 32 genótipos locais, 20 genótipos provenientes da EMBRAPA e seis cultivares comerciais, foram avaliados em Alegre/ES, através da influência de oito caracteres de importância agronômica sobre a produção de grãos por unidade de área. O experimento, em blocos casualizados com três repetições, foi conduzido no período das "águas" no ano agrícola de 2008/09. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os coeficientes de trilha entre os caracteres primários e secundários sobre a produtividade de grãos. Os caracteres primários foram constituídos pelo número de sementes por vagem (NSV), peso de cem grãos (P100), número de vagem por planta (NVP) e número de sementes por planta (NSP), os caracteres secundários foram: número de dias da germinação até à floração (FL), número de dias entre a emergência e a maturação de colheita (MC), estatura da planta (EP) e altura da inserção da primeira vagem (PIV). A análise do coeficiente de trilha demonstrou que o caráter primário com maior efeito direto sobre produtividade (PROD) foi NVP (1,0011), associado à alta correlação (0,754). As variáveis P100 e NSV apresentaram altos efeitos indiretos sobre NVP de 0,8848 e 0,6369, respectivamente. Observou-se um incremento em P100 e NVP em plantas de ciclo e período vegetativo curtos e uma maior altura de inserção da primeira vagem, sendo que o ponto de inserção da primeira vagem não influenciou significativamente a produtividade.

Fifty-eight genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), being 32 local genotypes, 20 genotypes from EMBRAPA and six commercial cultivars were evaluated in Alegre/ES, through the influence of eight characters of agronomic importance to grain production by unit area. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications in the wet period of 2008/09 crop year. This study aimed to estimate the path coefficients between the primary and secondary characters on grain yield. The primary characters were set up by the number of seeds per pod (NSV), weight of one hundred grains (P100), number of pods per plant (NVP) and number of seeds per plant (NSP) and the secondary traits were number of days from germination to flowering (FL), number of days between emergence and harvest maturity (MC), plant height (EP), height of the first pod (PIV). The analysis of the path coefficient showed that the primary character with more direct effect on yield (PROD) was NVP (1.0011), associated with high correlation (0.754). Variables P100 and NSV showed high indirect effect on NVP of 0.8848 and 0.6369, respectively. It was observed an increase in P100 and NVP in plants with short cycle and growing season and first pod height taller, and that the height of the first pod did not significantly influence productivity.

An analytical method has been developed and validated for the quantitation of lamivudine, zidovudine and nevirapine in the fixed-dose combination film-coated tablet by high performance liquid chromatography, in accordance with RE No. 899/2003, National Sanitary Surveillance Agency. It was based on an isocratic elution system with a potassium phosphate buffer pH 3.0: acetonitrile (60:40 v/v) mobile phase, C18, 250 x 46 mm column, 10µm particle size, λ 270 nm. The statistically evaluated results have shown that the method is specific, precise, accurate, and robust, ensuring the analytical safety of 3TC, AZT and NVP determination, which emerges as a new therapeutic alternative for antiretroviral treatment.