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ABSTRACT Growing forage cactus pear in semi-arid regions is an alternative when facing current climate changes, and improving its cropping systems is critical to increasing its yields. The objective was to evaluate morphometric characteristics and yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear under complementary irrigation with saline water and different planting densities. The research was carried out in the semiarid region of Bahia during the period from September 2017 to October 2019. A randomized block design was used with treatments arranged in split-split plots. Two irrigation intervals (7 and 14 days) were assigned to plots, four planting densities (20,000; 40,000; 60,000 and 80,000 plants per hectare) to subplots, and four irrigation levels (0, 11, 22 and 33% of ETo) to sub-subplots. High-salinity water (2.91 dS m-1), classified as C4S1, did not limit the growth and yield of ‘Gigante’ forage cactus pear for two crop cycles. Fresh matter and dry matter yields, fresh matter-based water use efficiency and dry matter-based water use efficiency were highest at planting densities of 61,465 and 67,786 plants ha-1, and 61,848 and 69,707 plants ha-1, respectively. The use of 33% ETo irrigation level increased morphometric characteristics, fresh matter yield in the first and second cycles, and dry matter yield in the first cycle. Applying increasing irrigation levels promotes reductions in fresh matterand dry matter-based water use efficiency.

RESUMO O cultivo de palma forrageira no semiárido é uma opção consciente frente às mudanças climáticas atuais, e a melhoria do seu sistema produtivo é fundamental para aumentar seu rendimento. Objetivou-se avaliar as características morfométricas e de rendimento de palma forrageira ‘Gigante’ sob irrigação complementar com água salina e diferentes densidades de plantio. A pesquisa foi realizada no semiárido baiano durante o período de setembro de 2017 a outubro de 2019. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com parcelas subsubdivididas, sendo alocados nas parcelas dois turnos de rega (7 e 14 dias), nas subparcelas quatro densidades de plantio (20.000; 40.000; 60.000 e 80.000 plantas ha-1) e nas subsubparcelas quatro lâminas de irrigação (0, 11, 22 e 33% da ETo). A alta salinidade da água de irrigação (2,91 dS m-1), classificada como C4S1, não limitou o crescimento e a produtividade de palma forrageira ‘Gigante’, até o segundo ciclo de produção. As máximas produtividades de matéria verde e seca e de eficiência de uso da água com base nestas produtividades são obtidas com densidades de plantio de 61.465 e 67.786 plantas ha-1, e 61.848 e 69.707 plantas ha-1, respectivamente. A aplicação da lâmina com 33% da ETo promoveu incremento nas características morfométricas, aumento da produtividade de matéria verde no primeiro e segundo ciclo e da produtividade de matéria seca no primeiro ciclo. A aplicação de lâminas crescentes de irrigação promove redução da eficiência de uso da água com base nas produtividades de matéria verde e de matéria seca.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n321rc

Nutritional status and quality of table grapes cultivated in Submédio São Francisco Valley
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Silva, Suellen R. V. da

; Freire, Fernando J.

; Rezende, Jefrejan S.

; Santos, Renato L. dos

; Cunha, Jailson C.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Mai 2023, Volume 27 Nº 5 Páginas 415 - 421

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The cultivation of fruit trees is influenced by abiotic factors such as nutritional management. However, fertilizers are used in large amounts in vineyards, resulting in excess nutrients that can cause stress and reduce fruit quality. Calcium (Ca) is one of the most used nutrients in vineyards due to its effects on fruit quality. However, excess of Ca interferes with the distribution of Ca compounds in fruits, being a form of abiotic stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the nutritional balance of table grape orchards on calcium nutrition and fruit quality. Nineteen table grape orchards were selected in the Submédio São Francisco Valley in 2019 and 2020 crops. The nutritional diagnosis was performed using the integrated diagnosis and recommendation system (DRIS) and the average nutritional balance index (NBIm) was calculated. The concentration of Ca-pectate, Ca-total, berry firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio and dry matter were determined in the fruits. The nutritional diagnosis identified excess Ca in the orchards. The correlation between Ca-pectate and the average NBIm was negative, indicating that the Ca-pectate concentration is higher in vines that are more nutritionally unbalanced. However, the Ca-total in the fruit was not correlated with Ca-pectate. Ca-total and Ca-pectate were not correlated with berry firmness. Calcium nutrition is complex and highlights the importance of associating the assessment of nutritional balance with Ca in fruit quality to optimize the nutritional management of the grapevine.

RESUMO O cultivo de fruteiras é influenciado por fatores abióticos como o manejo nutricional. Contudo, os fertilizantes são usados em grandes quantidades em vinhedos, resultando no excesso de nutrientes que podem causar estresse e reduzir a qualidade dos frutos. O Ca é um dos nutrientes mais utilizados nos vinhedos devido aos seus efeitos na qualidade dos frutos. Entretanto, o excesso de Ca interfere na distribuição das suas frações nos frutos, sendo uma forma de estresse abiótico. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência do balanço nutricional da uva de mesa na nutrição cálcica e qualidade dos frutos. Foram selecionados 19 pomares de uvas de mesa no Vale do Submédio São Francisco nas safras de 2019 e 2020. Foi realizado o diagnóstico nutricional utilizando o sistema integrado de diagnose e recomendação (DRIS) e calculado o índice do balanço nutricional médio (IBNm) médio. O teor de Ca-pectato, Ca-total, firmeza da baga, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, razão sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável e matéria seca foram determinados nos frutos. O diagnóstico nutricional identificou excesso de Ca. A correlação entre Ca-pectato e o IBNm médio foi negativa, indicando que o teor de Ca-pectato é maior em videiras mais desbalanceadas nutricionalmente. Contudo, o Ca-total no fruto não teve correlação com Ca-pectato. O Ca-total e o Ca-pectato não se correlacionaram com a firmeza da baga. A nutrição cálcica é complexa e evidencia a importância de associar a avaliação do balanço nutricional com o Ca na qualidade dos frutos para otimizar o manejo nutricional da videira.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n5p415-421

Nutritional diagnosis of mango plants post-harvest in anticipation of pre-flowering avoids nutritional stress
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Rezende, Jefrejan S.

; Freire, Fernando J.

; Silva, Suellen R. V. da

; Musser, Rosimar dos S.

; Cavalcante, Ítalo H. L.

; Saldanha, Eduardo C. M.

; Santos, Renato L. dos

; Cunha, Jailson C.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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Mai 2023, Volume 27 Nº 5 Páginas 359 - 366

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The São Francisco Valley region of Brazil is a leading exporter of mango fruits. Previous nutritional diagnosis can identify stresses, provide adjustments for nutritional limitations, and promote more efficient fertilization and nutrient management. This study aimed to compare the nutritional diagnosis of mango trees in the post-harvest and pre-flowering phases and to correlate them with productivity. Norms and indices of the Integrated System of Diagnosis and Recommendation (DRIS), as well as the Nutritional Balance Index and the Potential of Response to Fertilization were generated for each phenological phase of the mango trees. Optimal concentrations and ranges of nutrients were established, classified as deficient, balanced, or excessive, and subsequently compared to each other and to values recommended in the literature. The indices were correlated with the productivity of the orchards in each phenological phase of the mango trees. When comparing the DRIS norms of post-harvest and pre-flowering phenological phases, 55% of the averages differed. The sufficiency ranges of the post-harvest and pre-flowering phases were generally different from those referenced in the literature. Nutritional diagnoses for P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, and Cl altered between phenological phases. The nutritional diagnosis performed in the post-harvest phase showed that nutritional imbalance affected productivity.

RESUMO A região do Vale do São Francisco no Brasil destaca-se na exportação de frutos de manga. O diagnóstico nutricional prévio pode identificar estresses, antecipar a correção de limitações nutricionais e promover um manejo nutricional da fertilização mais eficiente. O estudo objetivou comparar o diagnóstico nutricional em mangueiras nas fases de pós-colheita e pré-florescimento e correlacionar com a produtividade. Normas e índices do Sistema Integrado de Diagnose e Recomendação foram geradas para cada fase fenológica das mangueiras, bem como o Índice de Balanço Nutricional e o Potencial de Resposta a Adubação. Os teores e faixas ótimas de nutrientes foram estabelecidos e classificados em deficientes, equilibrados ou excessivos. Esses teores e faixas ótimas de nutrientes foram comparados entre si e com valores recomendados na literatura. Os índices foram correlacionados com a produtividade dos pomares em cada fase fenológica das mangueiras. Ao comparar as normas DRIS das fases fenológicas pós-colheita e pré-floração, 55% das médias diferiram. As faixas de suficiência das fases pós-colheita e pré-floração, em geral, foram diferentes das referenciadas na literatura. Os diagnósticos nutricionais para os nutrientes P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn e Cl diferiram entre as fases fenológicas. O diagnóstico nutricional realizado na fase de pós-colheita mostrou que o desequilíbrio nutricional afetou a produtividade.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n5p359-366

Challenges of Multidrug-resistant New Delhi Metallo-beta-Lactamase (NDM-1)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Kidney Transplant Patients
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Foresto, Renato Demarchi

; Menezes, Lucas Marengo

; Nishimura, Laura Tomoko

; Cristelli, Marina Pontello

; Viana, Laila Almeida

; Santos, Daniel Wagner de Castro Lima

; Requião-Moura, Lúcio R.

; Tedesco-Silva, Helio

; Medina-Pestana, Jose

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology

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Mar 2023, Volume 45 Nº 1 Páginas 116 - 120

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant NDM-1-producing enterobacteriaceae strains has become a threat to inpatients, especially to immunosuppressed ones, such as kidney transplant recipients. NDM-1 is a carbapenemase that makes gram-negative bacteria resistant to many types of antibiotics. The incidence of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria infection in solid organ transplant recipients is around 3 to 10%, with a mortality rate of up to 30%. Methods: We present a case series of 4 patients with NDM-1-producing enterobacteria isolated in urine cultures or rectal swabs. We also conducted a cross-sectional study 30 days after patient identification, collecting surveillance cultures (rectal swab) from all inpatients to assess the extent of spread of this resistance mechanism; a total of 101 patients were included. Results: Two patients were adequately treated with negative control cultures. The other two patients were not treated because they were asymptomatic and had subsequent negative urine cultures. No new colonization was identified in the cross-sectional screening, and no new cases of urinary NDM-1 infection were recorded after a 4-year follow-up. Conclusion: Surveillance for infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains in hospitals treating immunosuppressed patients should be continued and prompt action should be taken in cases of outbreaks of multidrug-resistant infections.

Resumo Histórico: O surgimento de cepas multirresistentes de enterobacteriaceae produtoras de NDM-1 tornou-se uma ameaça para pacientes hospitalizados, especialmente para os imunossuprimidos, como os receptores de transplante renal. NDM-1 é uma carbapenemase que torna as bactérias gram-negativas resistentes a muitos tipos de antibióticos. A incidência de infecção por enterobactérias produtoras de carbapenemas em receptores de transplante de órgãos sólidos é de cerca de 3 a 10%, com uma taxa de mortalidade de até 30%. Métodos: Apresentamos uma série de casos de 4 pacientes com enterobactérias produtoras de NDM-1 isoladas em culturas de urina ou esfregaços retais. Também realizamos um estudo transversal 30 dias após a identificação do paciente, coletando culturas de vigilância (esfregaço retal) de todos os pacientes internados para avaliar a extensão de disseminação deste mecanismo de resistência; foram incluídos um total de 101 pacientes. Resultados: Dois pacientes foram tratados adequadamente com culturas de controle negativo. Os outros dois pacientes não foram tratados porque eram assintomáticos e tiveram culturas de urina negativas subsequentes. Não foi identificada nenhuma nova colonização na triagem transversal, e não foram registrados novos casos de infecção urinária por NDM-1 após um acompanhamento de 4 anos. Conclusão: A vigilância de infecções causadas por cepas multirresistentes em hospitais que tratam pacientes imunossuprimidos deve ser continuada e devem ser tomadas medidas imediatas em casos de surtos desses tipos de infecções.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2021-0033

Hydrographic structure of the continental shelf in Santos Basin and its causes: The SANAGU and SANSED campaigns (2019)
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Dottori, Marcelo

; Sasaki, Dalton K.

; Silva, Danilo A.

; Del–Giovannino, Sergio R.

; Pinto, Andressa P.

; Gnamah, Magnim

; Santos, Arian D.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Moreira, Daniel L.

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Supl. 3 elocation e23013

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study describes the hydrography and water masses of the Santos Basin Continental Shelf (SBCS) during two hydrographic campaigns (SANAGU, SANSED) in 2019. Coastal Water (CW) is the dominant water mass in the southern portion of the SBCS, with relatively low salinity values (S<35.5 g kg–1), and satellite data show that local precipitation and river discharge could not account for the low salinity observed during the cruises in the southern region of the domain. The low salinity observed is explained by the transport from the south influenced by Subtropical Shelf Water (STSW), which was influenced by the La Plata River discharge. In the northern region of the SBCS, the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) dominates the bottom layers of the water column, with the wind playing a major role in the uplift of this water mass, as evidenced by a wind impulse analysis. In this part of the shelf, Tropical Water (TW) was the second water mass in volume and occupied the surface layers and offshore the shelf. CW is restricted to a thin surface layer, which reaches distances of a few kilometers from the coast. Our analysis show the differences in the hydrographic structure of the SBCS and suggests that the SBCS can be divided in two regions with distinct characteristics: 1) the area southwest of São Sebastião, where the hydrographic parameters were modulated by the presence of the Subtropical Shelf Water (STSW); 2) the area northeast of São Sebastião, where the uplifting of SACW was the dominant process.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22062md

Analysis of the Influence Of Friction Stir Welding on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloy UNS-C27200 (CU-ZN)
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Rosa, Renato F.

; Almeida, Italo O.

; Varasquim, Francisco M. F. A.

; Junior, Eli J. C.

; Couto, Antônio A.

; Santos, Vinicius T.

; Silva, Márcio R.

; Nakamoto, Francisco Y.

; Santos, Givanildo A.

Materials Research

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2023, Volume 26 Supl. 1 elocation e20220581

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The copper alloy UNS-C27200 is a binary brass, composed of 38wt%Zn, beeing one of the most used in the industry. The union of Cu-Zn alloys by conventional welding by fusion in thin plates presents several challenges. The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process performs the union of two, or more materials, through a rotating tool that travels throughout the welding region. One the great advantages of FSW is working below the melting point of the material, which reduces the change in the microstructure and properties of the material, when compared to conventional welding processes. Due to the lack of research on FSW process in lap brass joints with thin thicknesses, the present work aims to expand these studies in order to contribute to future research. Eight conditions were evaluated, varying rotation and welding speed. In the best results by visual inspection, analyzes of microstructure, temperature, microhardness and mechanical strength were performed. The better welding results were obtained with ω=1050 rpm and ν=20 mm/min. There was reduction of approximately 50% between Stir Zone and Base metal. The mechanical strength was affected by the pin hole resulting from the process. The microstructure revealed a homogeneous mixture in the stir zone and no defects were detected.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2022-0581

Photocatalytic Degradation of Bentazon Pesticide by a Fe2O3-TiO2 Composite Catalyst Irradiated by UVA, UVB, and Natural Light
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Braga, Cristian S.

; Bessegato, Guilherme G.

; Maestre, Keiti

; Espinoza-Quiñones, Fernando R.

; Alves, Helton J.

; Silva, Leandro C. da

; Eising, Renato

; Bariccatti, Reinaldo A.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2023, Volume 34 Nº 9 Páginas 1284 - 1292

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Environmental pollution by contaminants of emerging concern, among these various pesticides, has been a concern of environmentalists and scientists around the world. Thus, efforts to mitigate the impacts of these substances have been carried out, and the use of advanced oxidation processes, such as photocatalysis, is an alternative. This work sought to synthesize a composite photocatalyst based on iron oxides and titanium dioxide to assess its applicability in degrading the herbicide bentazon (BTZ) by a lamp that simulates the solar spectrum (visible, ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B) and sunlight. Photocatalytic degradation reached 51% in 120 min with a rate constant k = 0.0058 min-1 when a UV-Vis lamp of 300 W was used. The applicability was demonstrated under sunlight radiation, reaching 38% degradation of a bentazon solution (4.1 × 10-4 mol L-1) after 320 min. TiO2 and Fe2O3 were synthesized similarly but showed no degradation under the same conditions. Thus, Fe2O3-TiO2 is an inexpensive and non-toxic material capable of efficiently conducting the photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds, such as the bentazon herbicide.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230039

Herpetofauna of protected areas in the Caatinga VIII: An updated checklist for the Serra das Confusões region with new data from Serra Vermelha, Piauí, Brazil
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Marques, Ricardo

; Garda, Adrian A.

; Furtado, Adriana P.

; Bruinjé, Andre C.

; Protázio, Arielson dos S.

; de Carvalho, Breno F.

; Vieira, Cecília R.

; Gomes, Dandara

; Pantoja, Davi L.

; Figueiredo, Diainara da S.

; Shepard, Donald B.

; Camurugi, Felipe

; Coelho, Felipe E. A.

; Magalhães, Felipe M.

; Caetano, Gabriel H. O.

; Colli, Guarino R.

; Paulino, Henrique M.

; Carvalho, Izabelle T. S.

; Graciene, Joedma

; Alvarenga, Júlio M.

; Clay, Natalie A.

; Albuquerque, Ralph L.

; Bosque, Renan J.

; Faria, Renato

; da Silveira-Filho, Ricardo R.

; Mângia, Sarah

; Cavalcante, Vitor H. G. L.

; Vieira, Washington L. S.

; da Silva, Willianilson P.

; Soares, Yan F. F.

; Mesquita, Daniel O.

Biota Neotropica

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2023, Volume 23 Nº 4 elocation e20231520

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract It is repeatedly stressed the need to characterize the extant biodiversity in tropical ecosystems. However, inventory studies are still progressing slowly in dry ecosystems, leading to the underestimation of their true biodiversity and hindering conservation efforts. In this study, we present primary and secondary data, along with an updated list of amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the São Francisco-Gurguéia region in Piauí. Additionally, we compare the species composition between nine areas within the Caatinga, which were sampled using standardized methods over the past ten years, to examine broader spatial patterns of community composition. To survey reptiles and amphibians, we employed similar methods and sampling efforts in two areas within the Serra das Confusões National Park (SCNP) region. Our surveys recorded a total of 73 species of amphibians and reptiles, of which 24 are new distribution records for the SCNP region. Consequently, our findings increase the known herpetofauna in the region to 94 species. Despite their proximity, the two sites in the SCNP region exhibited only 42% similarity in species composition, and they differed significantly from other areas within the Caatinga. Furthermore, even the closer Caatinga areas presented differences in species composition, highlighting the necessity to evaluate biodiversity across the landscape and contribute to understanding biogeographic patterns.

Resumo É repetidamente enfatizada a necessidade de caracterizar a biodiversidade vivente em ecossistemas tropicais. No entanto, os estudos de inventário ainda estão progredindo lentamente em ecossistemas secos, levando à subestimação de sua verdadeira biodiversidade e dificultando os esforços de conservação. Neste estudo, apresentamos dados primários e secundários, juntamente com uma lista atualizada de anfíbios e répteis de duas localidades na região de São Francisco-Gurguéia, do Piauí. Além disso, comparamos a composição de espécies entre nove áreas dentro da Caatinga, que foram amostradas usando métodos padronizados nos últimos dez anos, para examinar padrões espaciais mais amplos de composição da comunidade. Para estudar répteis e anfíbios, utilizamos métodos e esforços de amostragem semelhantes em duas áreas na região do Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões (PNSC). Nossos levantamentos registraram um total de 73 espécies de anfíbios e répteis, das quais 24 são novos registros de distribuição para a região do PNSC. Consequentemente, nossos resultados aumentam a herpetofauna conhecida na região para 94 espécies. Apesar da proximidade, os dois locais na região do PNSC exibiram apenas 42% de similaridade na composição de espécies e diferiram significativamente de outras áreas dentro da Caatinga. Mesmo áreas mais próximas da Caatinga apresentaram diferenças na composição de espécies, destacando a necessidade de avaliar a biodiversidade em toda a paisagem e contribuir para a compreensão de padrões biogeográficos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2023-1520

10.

Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin – Methods and Sampling Design
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Moreira, Daniel L.

; Dalto, Adriana G.

; Figueiredo JR, Alberto G.

; Valerio, Aline M.

; Detoni, Amalia M. S.

; Bonecker, Ana C. T.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Namiki, Cláudia

; Sasaki, Dalton K.

; Pupo, Daniel V.

; Silva, Danilo A.

; Kutner, Deborah S.

; Duque-Castaño, Diana C.

; Marcon, Eduardo H.

; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.

; Paula, Fabiana S.

; Gallucci, Fabiane

; Roque, Gabriela C. F.

; Campos, Giulia S.

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Mattos, Gustavo

; Lavrado, Helena P.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Costa, Jessica O.

; Santos Filho, João R. dos

; Carneiro, Juliane C.

; Moreira, Julio C.F.

; Rozo, Laura

; Araujo, Leandro F.M.

; Lazzari, Letícia

; Silva, Letícia O. da

; Michelazzo, Luan S.

; Fernandes, Luciano F.

; Dottori, Marcelo

; Araújo Jr., Marcus A. G. de

; Chuqui, Mateus G.

; Ceccopieri, Milena

; Borges-Silva, Milton

; Kampel, Milton

; Bergo, Natascha M.

; Silva, Paulo V. M.

; Tura, Pedro M.

; Moura, Rafael B. de

; Romano, Renato G.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Toledo, Rodrigo G.A.

; Bonecker, Sérgio L.C.

; Disaró, Sibelle T.

; Rodrigues, Silvana V.

; Corbisier, Thais N.

; Vicente, Thaisa M.

; Paiva, Vitor G. de

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

; Sousa, Silvia H.M

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Supl. 3 elocation e23022

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

11.

Effects of fire on soil organic matter in northern Amazonian forest fragments
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SILVA, Libério Junio da

; DICK, Deborah Pinheiro

; NECKEL, Djennifer

; NÓBREGA, Gabriel Nuto

; RODRIGUES, Renato de Aragão R.

; BARBOSA, Reinaldo Imbrozio

; CORDEIRO, Renato Campello

Acta Amazonica

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Jan 2022, Volume 52 Nº 1 Páginas 13 - 22

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Incêndios florestais incorporam matéria orgânica pirogênica ao solo, afetando as características da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS), devido a sua alta aromaticidade. Porém, os fatores que controlam a composição química e a estrutura da matéria orgânica pirogência ainda são pouco conhecidos. Fragmentos florestais dispersos em uma matriz de savana na Amazônia setentrional brasileira são freqüentemente impactados por incêndios, que podem afetar a composição da MOS nos fragmentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a composição química da MOS na borda e no interior de seis fragmentos florestais situados na savana de Roraima, norte da Amazônia brasileira. Amostras de solo foram coletadas em intervalos de 10 cm até 1 m de profundidade na borda e no interior de cada fragmento. A concentração da MOS foi determinada com solução de HF a 10% e sua composição elementar, índice termogravimétrico e análise espectroscópica de 13C CPMAS RMN foram determinados. Não houve diferença significativa no índice de aromaticidade entre borda e interior. A concentração de estruturas alquil C entre a borda (22 a 25%) e o interior (19 a 29%) indicou a ocorrência de incêndios de média intensidade na área de estudo. A análise termogravimétrica não mostrou diferença significativa na estabilidade térmica da matéria orgânica do solo entre a borda e o interior. Nossos resultados não mostraram diferença pronunciada na qualidade da MOS até 1 m de profundidade entre a borda e o interior dos fragmentos florestais avaliados, indicando que este compartimento é estável ao longo dos fragmentos.

ABSTRACT Forest fires incorporate pyrogenic organic matter into the soil, affecting the characteristics of soil organic matter (SOM) due to its high aromaticity, increasing its renewal time. However, the factors that control the concentration of pyrogenic organic matter and its chemical composition and structure are still little known. Forest fragments dispersed in a savanna matrix of the northern Brazilian Amazon are frequently impacted by fires, which can affect the composition of SOM within the fragments. The aim of this study was to analyse the chemical composition of SOM in the border and interior of six forest fragments in the Roraima savanna, in the northern Brazilian Amazon. Soil samples were collected at 10-cm intervals up to 1 m in depth at the border and in the interior of each fragment. Soil organic material concentration was determined with 10% HF solution and its elemental composition, thermogravimetric index, and 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopic analysis were determined. There was no significant difference in the aromaticity index between border and interior. The concentration of alkyl C structures between border (22 to 25%) and interior (19 to 29%) indicated the occurrence of medium-intensity fires in the study area. The thermogravimetric analysis showed no significant difference in the thermal stability of SOM between border and interior. Our results showed no pronounced difference in SOM quality up to 1 m depth between the border and the interior of the evaluated forest fragments, indicating that this compartment is stable throughout the fragments.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202100133

12.

Effect of Paralympic powerlifting training on sleep and its relationship with training load
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Stieler, Eduardo

; Silva, Flávia R.

; Grade, Isadora

; Andrade, Henrique A.

; Guerreiro, Renato C.

; Resende, Renan

; Andrade, André G.

; Gonçalves, Dawit A.

; Santos, Marcelo D.M.

; Silva, Andressa

; Mello, Marco T.

Motriz: Revista de Educação Física

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2022, Volume 28 elocation e10220016321

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Aim: This study aims to compare the sleep parameters in Paralympic powerlifting athletes during days with and without training, and to analyze the relationship between the training load and sleep on the same day and the relationship between the previous night's sleep and the training load of the following day. Methods: Actigraphy was used to analyze the sleep parameters of 11 Paralympic powerlifting athletes for 14 days (7 days without and with training), whereas Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) analysis was used to assess training load. In addition, the Horne and östberg chronotype questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were applied. Results: Athletes show morning and indifferent chronotype and low daytime sleepiness. We found that on training days, sleep onset latency (SOL) was lower (average 5.3 min faster), whereas total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE) were higher (TST averaged 169 min and SE 7% higher) compared to non-training days. In addition, the TST of the night before the training days correlated positively with the RPE of the following day, and the training volume correlated negatively with the SE of the same day. Conclusion: Our findings show that Paralympic powerlifting training had positive effects in increasing TST and SE and decreasing SOL on training days. These results show the positive effects of this type of training in improving sleep in athletes with physical disabilities. In addition, a good night's sleep the day before training can make it possible to put more effort into the next day's training. Therefore, guiding athletes to sleep more before training with more intense loads is recommended.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-657420220016321

13.

EXEMPLIFICANDO O USO DO MACRO MAPEAMENTO ELEMENTAR POR XRF (MA-XRF) NA INVESTIGAÇÃO FORENSE DE OBRAS DE ARTE
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Pimenta, André R.

; Felix, Valter S.

; Silva, Daniele M.

; Pereira, Marcelo O.

; Oliveira, Ana L.

; Ferreira, Douglas S.

; Carvalho, Cristiano S.

; Silva, Fabricio L.

; Gonçalves, Elicardo A.S.

; Dutra, Rafael S.

; Pereira, Leandro O.

; Pereira, Ronaldo V.

; Freitas, Renato P.

Química Nova

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2022, Volume 45 Nº 3 Páginas 297 - 303

Resumo: Pt | Texto: Pt | PDF: Pt

EXEMPLIFYING THE USE OF MACRO ELEMENTAL MAPPING BY XRF (MA-XRF) SCANNING IN FORENSIC INVESTIGATION OF ARTWORKS. This work exemplifies the potential of employing macro elemental mapping by XRF (MA XRF) scanning in the forensic investigation of artworks. The results of the investigation of two artworks of different styles and periods are presented and discussed. The images provided by MA-XRF scanning have information about the elemental distribution, which is related to pigments used in the artwork. These images bring different information such as: if there are underlying paintings; if a given pigment was used for the purpose of restoration or in the creation. Therefore, through the images, it is possible to obtain information, which refers to the process of creating the artwork and the history of conservation and restoration. Through the results, it was possible to verify that the two artworks are probably false because they present anachronistic pigments with the supposed period of creation. The analyzes were performed using a portable MA-XRF scanning system, and in addition to presenting the utility of the instrument in these investigations, the work also presents possibilities to explore the MA-XRF data through multivariate statistical analysis and image correlation.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170826

14.

Pathological changes by spirorchiid eggs in hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) stranded off brazilian coast
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SILVA, MARIA APARECIDA DA

; MEDINA, RAPHAEL M.

; LEANDRO, HASSAN J.

; RIBEIRO, RACHEL B.

; PETRONILHA, MARIAH B.R.G.

; CARVALHO, EULÓGIO CARLOS Q. DE

; SILVEIRA, RENATO LUIZ

; WERNECK, MAX R.

; SHIMODA, EDUARDO

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 Nº 4 elocation e20201107

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Eretmochelys imbricata (hawksbill turtle) is classified as a critically endangered species at world level; in Brazil, it is listed among the threatened species. Spirorchiids are parasites of the circulatory system of chelonians which may cause serious lesions in the various tissues of the host due to deposition of eggs in the bloodstream. In this context, the aim of the present study was to describe the pathology caused by spirorchiid eggs in E. imbricata from the Brazilian over a five year period. A total of 29 animals were analyzed, of which nine (31%) presented lesions associated to spirorchiids eggs. The lesions were: granulomatous enteritis in six (66.66%), granulomatous splenitis in five (55.55%), granulomatous hepatitis in three (33.33%), granulomatous pneumonia in three (33.33%), granulomatous pancreatitis in two (22.22%), and granulomatous adrenalitis in one specimen (11.11%). Concluded the main lesion in Eretmochelys imbricata was giant-cell granulomatous inflammatory reaction to the parasite’s eggs. Animals exhibiting poor physical health were more susceptible to presenting such lesions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220201107

15.

Odontadenia lutea (Apocynaceae) LEAVES: PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY AND INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY AGAINST LEAF-CUTTING ANTS Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel
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Silva Junior, Weber M. da

; Santos, Renato G.

; Duarte, Geane K. G. F.

; Cunha, Gracielle O. S.

; Silva, Daniela M. da

; Marchesin, Thais F. R.

; Bueno, Odair C.

; Menezes, Antônio Carlos S.

Química Nova

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Jan 2021, Volume 44 Nº 1 Páginas 15 - 19

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The present work describes the chemical constituents of Odontadenia lutea (Vell.) Markgr. leaves and the toxicities of its extract and fractions against Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Chromatographic procedures of the ethanolic extract resulted in the identification of the triterpene β-amyrin, the flavonoid rutin, two fatty acids palmitic and linolenic, and one glyceroglycolipid 3-O-(9,12,15-octadecatrienoyl)-glyceryl-β-D-galactopyranoside, which are known compounds, but they are described for the first time in the Odontadenia genus. The known triterpenes lupeol and α-amyrin were also identified. Structural identification of the compounds was performed by analysis of IR, ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectra. The toxicity of its extract and fractions from O. lutea leaves was tested against leaf-cutting ants Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel by employing ingestion bioassay procedures. The hexane fraction (2 mg mL-1) decreases the average survival of ants from sixteen to six days, causing 98% mortality on the 14th day and 100% at the end of the experiment.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170641 176 downloads

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