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1.
Brazilian Psychiatric Association guidelines for the management of suicidal behavior. Part 3. Suicide prevention hotlines
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Baldaçara, Leonardo
; Weber, César Augusto Trinta
; Gorender, Miriam
; Grudtner, Roberta R.
; Peu, Sandra
; Teles, Ana Luiza Silva
; Cavalcante, Ives Passos
; Quevedo, João
; da Silva, Antônio Geraldo
.
Crisis hotlines are direct communication systems, usually telephone-based, set up to prevent suicide. However, few studies have evaluated their effectiveness. The present study aims to perform a systematic review, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, of the effectiveness of interventions through direct communication systems to reduce the number of suicides or suicide attempts. We searched the MEDLINE, Cochrane, SciELO, and ClinicaTrials.gov databases, and used the 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence classification. The literature search yielded 267 studies, of which 35 fulfilled the selection criteria. Although significant heterogeneity was found among studies, there is evidence that direct telephone interventions are effective when included in broader preventive protocols and provided by trained staff. Despite the limitations, which included heterogeneity of samples, designs, and outcome measures, we were able to design a protocol for the use of remote services to prevent suicide and suicide attempts. A hotline or similar system could be an effective intervention for broader suicide prevention programs. However, further research is necessary to specify which protocol components are key to enhance effectiveness. Systematic review registry number: PROSPERO CRD42020206517
2.
Silver Nanocatalyst Supported on Waste-Based Polystyrene Foam for Thermal and Plasmonic Reduction of p-Nitrophenol
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Silva, Welida T. A. da
; Assis, Geovânia C. de
; Jesus, Roberta A. de
; Motta, Rayssa J. B.
; Ferreira, Luiz Fernando R.
; Ruiz, Yolice Patricia M.
; Galembeck, André
; Schneider, Ricardo
; Oliveira, Rodrigo J. de
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
- Métricas do periódico
Disposal of plastics into the environment has been one of the major problems for the environment. The accumulation of polystyrene (PS) occurs in an accelerated way and, therefore, its reuse is challenging. Polystyrene nanocomposites impregnated with Ag nanoparticles (PS/AgNP) are generated from polystyrene residues and can be applied in the catalytic and plasmonic photo-catalytic reduction of phenolic compounds such as p-nitrophenol (PNP) to p-aminophenol (PAP). The AgNP were synthesized by a reverse micelle method resulting in nanoparticles with sizes in a range of 31.1-34.0 nm. The organocolloid was characterized by UV Vis and dynamic light scattering (DLS), demonstrating the preparation of spherical nanoparticles. The preparation of the PS/AgNP, obtained using a thermally induced phase separation method (TIPS), was confirmed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and Fourier transform visible infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Nanocomposites showed impressive performance in the catalytic and plasmonic photocatalytic reduction under blue light irradiation, reaching up to 98% conversion, being a promising material for wastewater treatment as well as other various environmental issues. We used blue light to observe the plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles, and no previous reports of this composite for PNP reduction using blue light photocatalysis were found.
3.
Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antileishmanial Activity of Novel Eugenol Analogs Containing 1,2,3-Triazole Fragments against Intracellular Leishmania braziliensis
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Evangelista, Roberta S.
; Pereira, Larissa C.
; Souza, Luciana Â. de
; Costa, Adilson V.
; Silva, Danilo A. da
; Oliveira, Fabrício M. de
; Vaz, Boniek G.
; Bressan, Gustavo C.
; Fietto, Juliana L. R.
; Teixeira, Róbson R.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
- Métricas do periódico
This investigation describes the synthesis of eugenol analogs presenting 1,2,3-triazole fragments and evaluation of their antileishmanial activity. The alkylation of guaiacol (1) with allyl bromide afforded 1-(allyloxy)-2-methoxybenzene (2) (93% yield). The Claisen rearrangement conducted with 1 gave ortho eugenol (3) (82% yield). Alkylation procedures performed with 3 produced 1-allyl-3-methoxy-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)benzene (4) (73% yield) and 1-allyl-3-methoxy-2-(pent-4-yn-1-yloxy)benzene (6) (53% yield). The copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions involving alkynes 4 and 6 with different benzylic azides afforded twenty-two eugenol analogs with 1,2,3-triazole functionalities (48-93% yield). We screened the compounds at 10 μmol L 1 against Leishmania braziliensis intracellular amastigotes during macrophage infection. The action of these compounds was compared with the known leishmanicidal drug amphotericin B. None of the analogs were toxic to macrophages at 10 μmol L-1. The cytotoxic concentration at 50% (CC50), effective concentration at 50% (EC50), and selectivity index (SI) were determined to the best compounds 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazole (8c) and 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazole (8h). They showed a significant leishmanicidal effect, with EC50 of 28.09 µmol L-1 (8c) and 52.03 µmol L-1 (8h). The SIs were 9.7 for 8c and > 5.7 for 8h. These compounds have the potential as new leishmanicidal agents against L. braziliensis and may represent a starting point for the development of alternative treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis.
4.
Brazilian Psychiatric Association guidelines for the management of suicidal behavior. Part 2. Screening, intervention, and prevention
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Baldaçara, Leonardo
; Grudtner, Roberta R.
; da S. Leite, Verônica
; Porto, Deisy M.
; Robis, Kelly P.
; Fidalgo, Thiago M.
; Rocha, Gislene A.
; Diaz, Alexandre P.
; Meleiro, Alexandrina
; Correa, Humberto
; Tung, Teng C.
; Malloy-Diniz, Leandro
; Quevedo, João
; da Silva, Antônio G.
.
This article continues our presentation of the Brazilian Psychiatric Association guidelines for the management of patients with suicidal behavior, with a focus on screening, intervention, postvention, prevention, and promotion. For the development of these guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, and SciELO databases for research published from 1997 to 2020. Systematic reviews, clinical trials, and cohort/observational studies on screening, intervention, and prevention in suicidal behavior were included. This project involved 14 Brazilian psychiatry professionals and 1 psychologist selected by the Psychiatric Emergencies Committee of the Brazilian Psychiatric Association for their experience and knowledge in psychiatry and psychiatric emergencies. Publications were evaluated according to the 2011 Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) Levels of Evidence Classification. Eighty-five articles were reviewed (of 5,362 initially collected and 755 abstracts on the drug approach). Forms of screening, intervention, and prevention are presented. The intervention section presents evidence for psychotherapeutic and drug interventions. For the latter, it is important to remember that each medication is effective only for specific groups and should not replace treatment protocols. We maintain our recommendation for the use of universal screening plus intervention. Although the various studies differ in terms of the populations evaluated and several proposals are presented, there is already significant evidence for certain interventions. Suicidal behavior can be analyzed by evidence-based medicine protocols. Currently, the best strategy is to combine several techniques through the Safety Plan. Nevertheless, further research on the topic is needed to elucidate some approaches with particular potential for intervention and prevention. Systematic review registry number: CRD42020206517
https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1108
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5.
Brazilian Psychiatric Association guidelines for the management of suicidal behavior. Part 1. Risk factors, protective factors, and assessment
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Baldaçara, Leonardo
; Rocha, Gislene A.
; Leite, Verônica da S.
; Porto, Deisy M.
; Grudtner, Roberta R.
; Diaz, Alexandre P.
; Meleiro, Alexandrina
; Correa, Humberto
; Tung, Teng C.
; Quevedo, João
; da Silva, Antônio G.
.
Suicide is a global public health problem that causes the loss of more than 800,000 lives each year, principally among young people. In Brazil, the average mortality rate attributable to suicide is approximately 5.23 per 100,000 population. Although many guidelines have been published for the management of suicidal behavior, to date, there are no recent guidelines based on the principles of evidence-based medicine that apply to the reality of suicide in Brazil. The objective of this work is to provide key guidelines for managing patients with suicidal behavior in Brazil. This project involved 11 Brazilian psychiatry professionals selected by the Psychiatric Emergencies Committee (Comissão de Emergências Psiquiátricas) of the Brazilian Psychiatric Association for their experience and knowledge in psychiatry and psychiatric emergencies. For the development of these guidelines, 79 articles were reviewed (from 5,362 initially collected and 755 abstracts). In this review, we present definitions, risk and protective factors, assessments, and an introduction to the Safety Plan. Systematic review registry number: CRD42020206517
https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0994
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6.
Insecticidal and Acaricidal Activity of Essential Oils Rich in (E)-Nerolidol from Melaleuca leucadendra Occurring in the State of Pernambuco (Brazil) and Effects on Two Important Agricultural Pests
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Silva, Milena M. C. da
; Camara, Claudio A. G. da
; Moraes, Marcilio M. de
; Melo, João P. R. de
; Santos, Rodrigo B. dos
; Neves, Roberta C. S.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
- Métricas do periódico
Essential oils from the leaves, stems, flowers and fruits of Melaleuca leucadendra growing in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effects of the oils and their major constituent were evaluated on the agricultural pests Tetranychus urticae and Plutella xylostella in different stages of development. The analysis revealed a M. leucadendra chemotype rich in (E)-nerolidol (81.78 ± 0.90 to 95.78 ± 1.20%). P. xylostella was more susceptible to the oils and major constituent than T. urticae. The fruit oil was 1.5-fold more toxic than the leaf oil to T. urticae eggs. (E)-Nerolidol was 5.5-fold and 4.5-fold more toxic to T. urticae adults than the leaf and fruit oils, respectively. Azamax® used as the positive control was more efficient than the oils and (E)-nerolidol against T. urticae. However, the oils and (E)-nerolidol were more toxic to P. xylostella than Azamax®.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20190245
442 downloads
7.
Soybean yield in the Matopiba region under climate changes
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Silva, Vicente de P. R. da
; Silva, Roberta A. e
; Maciel, Girlene F.
; Souza, Enio P. de
; Braga, Célia C.
; Holanda, Romildo M. de
.
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
- Métricas do periódico
RESUMO As condições climáticas durante o ciclo da cultura são os principais fatores responsáveis pela produção final de qualquer cultivo. Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar as condições atuais e os efeitos dos cenários de mudanças climáticas sobre a produtividade da soja cultivada na região de Matopiba, localizada entre os Estados do Tocantins, Sul e Nordeste do Maranhão, Sul do Piauí e Oeste da Bahia. O modelo AquaCrop, versão 5.0 da FAO foi calibrado com dados do ano de 2014 e validado com os de 2016 em Palmas, TO, usando parâmetros de clima, solo, manejo da cultura coletados em duas campanhas experimentais realizadas entre os meses de junho e outubro nos anos de 2014 e 2016. O desempenho do modelo foi avaliado utilizando os indicadores estatísticos: erro de previsão (EP), coeficiente de determinação (R2), raiz quadrada do erro médio normalizado (RMSEN), coeficiente de eficiência do modelo Nash-Sutcliffe (EF) e o índice de concordância de Willmott (d). Verificou-se que o modelo AquaCrop subestima a produtividade de grãos de soja, na condição de déficit hídrico severo durante todo o ciclo do cultivo. O aumento da concentração de CO2 e da temperatura, projetada pelos modelos climáticos HadGEM2-ES e MIROC5 sob o cenário de estabilização (RCP 4.5) e o cenário de progressão RCP 8.5, contribuem para o aumento da produtividade de soja até o final deste século.
ABSTRACT The climatic conditions along the cycle are the main factors responsible for the final production of any crop. This study aimed to evaluate the current conditions and the effects of climate change scenarios on the yield of soybean grown in the Matopiba region, located between the states of Tocantins, south and northeast of Maranhão, south of Piauí and west of Bahia, Brazil. The AquaCrop model of FAO, version 5.0, was calibrated with data of 2014 and validated with those of 2016, using climate, soil and crop management parameters collected in two experimental campaigns conducted between June and October in 2014 and 2016 in Palmas, TO, Brazil. The performance of the model was evaluated using the following statistical indicators: prediction error (PE), coefficient of determination (R2), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (EF) and Willmott’s index of agreement (d). It was verified that the AquaCrop model underestimates soybean grain yield under severe water stress conditions throughout the growing cycle. The increase in CO2 concentration and in the air temperature, projected by the climate models HadGEM2-ES and MIROC5 under the scenario of stabilization (RCP 4.5) and the scenario of progression (RCP 8.5), have contributed to the increase in soybean yield by the end of this century.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n1p8-14
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8.
Genetic and phenotypic parameters associated with soybean progenies in a recurrent selection program
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Soares, Igor Oliveri
; Bianchi, Mariane Cristina
; Bruzi, Adriano Teodoro
; Gesteira, Gabriel de Siqueira
; Silva, Karina Barroso
; Guilherme, Scheila Roberta
; Cianzio, Silvia R.
.
Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology
- Métricas do periódico
Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters associated with progenies from the recurrent selection program for grain yield in soybean. The evaluation of S0:1 progenies was in Lavras in the 2015/2016 crop year. The S0:2 progenies were evaluated in Lavras, Nazareno, and Itutinga. The S0:3 progenies were evaluated in Lavras, Ijaci, and Itutinga in the following crop years. The following traits were evaluated: days to flowering, days to full maturity, bottom pod height, plant height, lodging, and grain yield. The expected gain and gain achieved from selection, genetic correlation, and correlated response were estimated. The variance components show variability among the progenies. It was possible to obtain gains from selection for grain yield for all selection intensities (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%). The variability and the high performance of the progenies indicate that implementation of the recurrent selection program can be successful.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332020v20n4a59
489 downloads
9.
Different Strategies to Anchor Organotin Methoxides on Silica and Their (Re)Use as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Transesterification Reactions
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Jesus, Roberta A. de
; Conceição, Poliana da
; Silva, Jhosianna P. V. da
; Brainer, Nívea S.
; Meneghetti, Simoni M. P.
; Meneghetti, Mario R.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
- Métricas do periódico
Catalysts were prepared by the heterogenization of the tributyltin(IV) methoxide (n-Bu3Sn(OMe)) and dibutyltin(IV) dimethoxide (n-Bu2Sn(OMe)2) on silica by two strategies: (i) anchoring of the organotin(IV) compounds on silica and (ii) anchoring of the organotin(IV) compounds on a silica gel functionalized with mercaptopropyl groups (SiO2–SH). The characterization results showed that, regardless of the method used to anchor the organotin species, the solids contained approximately 7-10% of Sn. The decrease or disappearance of the O–H and S–H stretching signals in the SiO2 and SiO2–SH spectra after the treatment with the organotin(IV) methoxide derivatives suggest the immobilization via O–Sn or S–Sn covalent bonds. The catalytic performance was evaluated in methanolysis of ethyl acetate, in comparison to the analogous homogeneous systems, and the order of reactivity is n-Bu2Sn(OMe)2 > n-Bu3Sn(OMe) > SiO2–SnBu2 > SiO2–S–SnBu2 > SiO2–SnBu3 > SiO2–S–SnBu3. The solids on which the organotin species were directly immobilized on activated SiO2 showed catalytic efficiencies slightly higher than those immobilized on thiol-functionalized silica. All of the solid catalysts were recovered and reused for recycling studies and characterized again after the reuse tests. A better interaction between n-Bu3Sn(OMe) and both supports was observed, as verified by the low leaching of Sn after the first catalytic reaction.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20190112
413 downloads
10.
An Efficient Method for the Hydrolysis of Potassium Organotrifluoroborates Promoted by Montmorillonite K10
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Silva, Renato L.
; Santos, Cosme S.
; Santos, Jonh A. M.
; Oliveira, Roberta A.
; Menezes, Paulo H.
; Freitas, Juliano C. R.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
- Métricas do periódico
An efficient and non-expensive method for conversion of diverse potassium organotrifluoroborates to their corresponding boronic acids promoted by montmorillonite K10 using water as the reaction solvent is described. Further interconversion of potassium organotrifluoroborates to their corresponding boronic esters, via boronic acid intermediates was also successfully accomplished. The products were obtained in good yields, being the rate of hydrolysis influenced by the type of substituent present in the boronic acid.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20180126
582 downloads
11.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) Micelles and their Interactions with a Gold Surface in Aqueous Solution
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Silva, José Adriano da
; Dias, Roberta P.
; Hora, Gabriel C. A. da
; Soares, Thereza A.
; Meneghetti, Mario R.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
- Métricas do periódico
Surfactants are molecular structures with remarkable physicochemical properties and applications. Most of their characteristics are due to their ability to promote aggregation and interactions with different interfaces. The scarcity of theoretical studies dedicated to evaluating the forces involved in these interactions prompted us to propose other models capable of reproducing the experimental data in better ways. We carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to obtain a model for cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), selected from gromos54a7 force field parameters, that better describes most of its behaviors in aqueous solution (micellar structure, counterion dissociation, etc.) and its adsorption pattern on a gold surface. The parameters adopted for one of the models were able to mimic several characteristics suggested by experimental measurements of the CTAB micelles, as well their adsorption pattern on a gold surface. Indeed, this model was able to obtain quasi-spherical micelles, as well as a pattern of adjacent cylindrical micelles with alkyl chain interactions on a gold surface.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20170130
3435 downloads
12.
Bastonetes Gram-negativos aeróbios e anaeróbios facultativos no fluido ruminal de bovinos de corte alimentados em pastagem lignificada e em novilhos com acidose ruminal
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Vieira, Edvaldo Alves
; Abrão, Flavia O.
; Ribeiro, Izabella Carolina O.
; Nigri, Ana Carolina de A.
; Silva, Kariny F. da
; Careli, Roberta T.
; Geraseev, Luciana C.
; Duarte, Eduardo R.
.
Resumo: Objetivou-se analisar a população de bastonetes Gram negativos aeróbios e anaeróbios facultativas no suco ruminal bovinos zebuínos de diferentes categorias, alimentados em pastagem tropical, e de novilhos alimentados com alto teor de grão e sem volumosos. Foram coletados fluido ruminal de 32 vacas, 50 novilhos e 50 bezerros alimentadas em pastagem de Brachiaria spp. e de 20 novilhos com acidose ruminal. Após diluições decimais, amostras foram inoculadas em placas contendo ágar MacConkey a 39°C. Para a identificação dos gêneros mais frequentes foram utilizadas provas bioquímicas. A concentração dessas bactérias não diferiu no ambiente ruminal de vacas, novilhos e bezerros de corte alimentados com pastagem tropical lignificada. Os gêneros mais frequentemente identificados para esses animais foram Escherichia, Enterobacter e Klebsiella. Novilhos alimentados sem volumoso e com acidose apresentaram maior taxa de detecção e maior população dessas bactérias no ambiente ruminal (>6 log/ml) quando comparados aos novilhos alimentados somente em pastagem. A espécie Escherichia coli foi predominante entre as bactérias isoladas do fluido ruminal de novilhos alimentados com dieta com alta concentração de grãos e com acidose (p<0,01). Constatou-se que em bovinos de corte, criados em pastagem tropical lignificada, a população desses microrganismos é baixa no ambiente ruminal e com maior diversidade de gêneros bacterianos. Entretanto em novilhos confinados e alimentos sem volumoso, apresentando acidose ruminal subaguda, ocorre desequilíbrio populacional com aumento da população de E. coli.
Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the population of Gram negative bacteria, rod-shaped aerobic and facultative anaerobes, in ruminal fluid of health Zebu cattle of different categories fed in tropical pasture and steers fed high levels of grain and without bulky. Rumen fluid from 32 cows, 50 steers and 50 calves fed on Brachiaria spp. and 20 steers with ruminal acidosis were collected. After decimal dilutions, the samples were inoculated on petri dishes with agar MacConkey at 39°C. Biochemical tests were used to identify the most common genera these bacteria. The concentration of these bacteria did not differ in the rumen of cows, calves and calves fed lignified tropical pasture and the most frequently identified genera for these animals were Escherichia, Enterobacter and Klebsiella. However, steers fed without forage and with acidosis showed a higher detection rate and larger population of these bacteria in the rumen (>6 log/ml) compared to steers fed only pasture. The Escherichia coli species was predominant among theses bacteria isolated from the rumen fluid of steers with acidosis (p<0.01). In beef zebu cattle raised on pasture lignified, the population of these microorganisms in the rumen is low showing greater diversity of genera. However in confined zebu steers fed without forage and with sub acute ruminal acidosis occur disequilibrium with increased E. coli population.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2015000900007
4802 downloads
13.
Influence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the fluctuation of the submaximal isometric torque of knee extensors in patients with early-grade osteoarthritis
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Silva, Andressa
; Mello, Marco T.
; Serrão, Paula R.
; Luz, Roberta P.
; Bittencourt, Lia R.
; Mattiello, Stela M.
.
Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy
- Métricas do periódico
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) alters the fluctuation of submaximal isometric torque of the knee extensors in patients with early-grade osteoarthritis (OA).METHOD: The study included 60 male volunteers, aged 40 to 70 years, divided into four groups: Group 1 (G1) - Control (n=15): without OA and without OSA; Group 2 (G2) (n=15): with OA and without OSA; Group 3 (G3) (n=15): without OA and with OSA; and Group 4 (G4) (n=15) with OA and with OSA. Five patients underwent maximal isometric contractions of 10 seconds duration each, with the knee at 60° of flexion to determine peak torque at 60°. To evaluate the fluctuation of torque, 5 submaximal isometric contractions (50% of maximum peak torque) of 10 seconds each, which were calculated from the standard deviation of torque and coefficient of variation, were performed.RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between groups for maximum peak torque, while G4 showed a lower value compared with G1 (p=0.005). Additionally, for the average torque exerted, G4 showed a lower value compared to the G1 (p=0.036). However, no differences were found between the groups for the standard deviation (p=0.844) and the coefficient of variation (p=0.143).CONCLUSION: The authors concluded that OSA did not change the parameters of the fluctuation of isometric submaximal torque of knee extensors in patients with early-grade OA.
https://doi.org/10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0106
1489 downloads
14.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
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; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
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.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
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Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolium-based ionic liquid and preliminary pretreatment to enhance hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse
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Carmo, Arturene M. L.
; Stroppa, Pedro H. F.
; Corrales, Roberta C. N. R.
; Barroso, Anna B. N.
; Ferreira-Leitão, Viridiana S.
; Silva, Adilson D.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
- Métricas do periódico
Os líquidos iônicos (ILs) são sais líquidos a baixas temperaturas, tipicamente com pontos de fusão abaixo de 100 ºC. Nos últimos anos, as propriedades de vários ILs têm sido extensivamente estudadas e, em casos específicos, podem ser considerados como solventes verdes capazes de substituir solventes orgânicos tradicionais. Neste trabalho, ILs derivados de triazol tem sido sintetizados e a solubilidade em diferentes solventes aumenta com a constante dieléctrica dos solventes considerados. Três novos ILs 1,2,3-triazólicos foram utilizados para o pré-tratamento do bagaço de cana. O efeito deste pré-tratamento da biomassa lignocelulósica foi analisado por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, mostrando um aumento da superfície de exposição das amostras de bagaço como alterações estruturais na fibra.
Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts which are liquid at low temperatures, typically with melting points under 100 ºC. In recent years, the properties of many ILs have been extensively studied and have been considered as green solvents capable of replacing traditional organic solvents. Herein, ILs derived from triazole have been synthesized, thus solubility in different solvents increases with the dielectric constant of the considered solvents. Three novel 1,2,3-triazolium-based were used for the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse. The effect of this pretreatment on lignocellulosic biomass was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, showing an increase in the exposure surface of the bagasse samples as structural changes in the fiber.
https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20140198
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