Abstract Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in sicca symptoms. Additionally, SS presents with neurological manifestations that significantly impact the nervous system. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the neurological aspects of SSj, covering both the peripheral and central nervous system involvement, while emphasizing diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Resumo A síndrome de Sjogren (SS) é uma doença autoimune complexa caracterizada pela infiltração linfocítica das glândulas salivares e lacrimais, resultando em sintomas sicca. Além disso, a SS apresenta manifestações neurológicas que afetam significativamente o sistema nervoso. Esta revisão tem como objetivo fornecer uma visão abrangente dos aspectos neurológicos da SSj, abordando tanto o envolvimento do sistema nervoso periférico quanto do central, com ênfase no diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico.

ABSTRACT Growing lettuce under high temperatures and light incidence, as in the Alagoas State hinterland, Brazil, induces early tasseling and decreases the quality of the product. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the production and post-harvest quality of lettuce cultivars in different crop seasons in western Alagoas, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used, with four replications. The treatments consisted of lettuce cultivars: Baba-de-Verão, Cinderela, Elba, Mônica, Solaris, and Veneranda. The winter crop was more favorable for plant diameter, except for Baba-de-Verão, whose performance was similar in both seasons and stood out in the summer. The winter crop resulted in better performance in plant height, stem diameter, and fresh matter yield, whereas summer plants reached larger number of leaves. The cultivar Mônica presented longer stem length, denoting lower tolerance to early tasseling and, therefore, it is not indicated to be grown in the region. The cultivar Baba-de-Verão (Lisa group) reached higher fresh matter yield, number of leaves per plant, and stem diameter, and it was the most adequate cultivar to be grown in western Alagoas. Elba, Solaris, and Veneranda were the lettuce cultivars from the Crespa group that stood out. Baba-de-Verão was the cultivar that presented the best performance for chlorophyll a, b, and total. The cultivar Solaris presented the highest carotenoid contents. Plants grown in the winter reached higher chlorophyll a and total, carotenoid contents, pH, and soluble solid (SS) to titratable acidity (TA) ratio, whereas the lettuce grown in the summer had higher SS and TA.

RESUMO A alface, quando produzida em altas temperaturas e elevada luminosidade, como as encontradas no Sertão Alagoano, é induzida ao pendoamento precoce e à baixa qualidade. Em função disso, o objetivo foi avaliar a produção e a qualidade pós-colheita de cultivares de alface em função de épocas de cultivo distintas no oeste do Estado de Alagoas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos referentes às cultivares Babá-de-Verão, Cinderela, Elba, Mônica, Solaris e Veneranda. Para diâmetro de planta, o cultivo de inverno foi mais favorável, com exceção da Babá-de-Verão que manteve o desempenho semelhante nas duas épocas e destaque da cultivar no verão. O cultivo de inverno proporcionou melhor desempenho de altura de planta, diâmetro de caule e produtividade de massa verde, enquanto no verão as plantas atingiram maior número de folhas. A cultivar Mônica obteve maior comprimento do caule, indicando menor tolerância ao pendoamento precoce, não sendo indicada para o cultivo na região. A Babá-de-Verão (lisa) atingiu maior produtividade de massa verde, número de folhas por planta e diâmetro de caule, sendo a cultivar mais adequada para o cultivo no oeste de Alagoas. Dentre as crespas, destacaram-se as cultivares Elba, Solaris e Veneranda. A cultivar que apresentou melhor desempenho para clorofilas a, b e totais foi a Babá-de-Verão. A Solaris obteve maior teor de carotenoides. As plantas de inverno alcançaram maiores clorofilas a e totais, carotenoides, pH e relação sólidos solúveis totais (SS) e acidez total titulável (TA), enquanto a alface de verão obteve maior SS e TA.

ABSTRACT Blackberries have a short post-harvest conservation period, making it necessary to optimize harvest and storage conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of refrigerated storage and maturation stage on the physicochemical quality of ‘BRS Cainguá’ blackberries, produced in an organic system. Blackberries from an experimental orchard, were harvested at three ripeness stages (RS), with RS1 being fruits with 100% red skin; RS2 skin 50% red and 50% black; and EM3 100% black skin. The samples were stored in a cold chamber at 4±0.5ºC and 90-95% RH for 12 days. The evaluations were carried out after 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days of storage, for: weight loss (WL), soluble solids (SS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), ratio (SS/TA) and color parameters. Blackberries harvested in RS3 had the highest SS content, lowest TA and the highest SS/TA ratio and pH. During storage, TA and WL showed decreasing and increasing linear responses, respectively, regardless of the RS of the fruits. Harvesting based on the skin color of ‘BRS Cainguá’ blackberries influences the physicochemical quality and postharvest conservation. Fruits harvested with 100% black skin, have the best quality and are the most suitable for subsequent refrigerated storage.

ABSTRACT Objective: This randomized crossover trial evaluated periodontal indexes of two types of 3 x 3 retainers (a modified 0.032-in SS V-loop retainer and a conventional 0.0215-in SS coaxial wire retainer) after bonded for six months. Also, bonded failure rate, and a questionnaire about comfort, ease of cleaning and overall preference were recorded. Material and Methods: 15 patients were enrolled in this study who used both retainers for six months each, having a 15-day wash-out interval between each bonded retainer usage. The following periodontal index were recorded: Plaque Index (PI), Calculus Index (CI) and Gingival Index (GI). Patients answered a questionnaire to assess comfort, ease of cleaning and overall retainer-type preference. Rate of bonding failure was also evaluated. Results: V-Loop retainer showed higher PI (P<0.05) as compared to conventional 0.0215-in coaxial wire retainer. However, CI and GI presented no statistically significant differences between both types of retainers. The conventional 0.0215-in coaxial wire retainer was chosen as the most comfortable (p<0.05), although no statistically significant differences were found for all other questionnaire answers. Bonding failure events were more observed in the 3x3 V-Loop retainer (p<0.002), as compared to the conventional 0.0215-in coaxial retainer. Conclusion: V-Loop retainer showed higher PI (p<0.05), higher bonding failure rate and less comfortable, as compared to conventional 0.0215-in coaxial wire.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo cruzado e randomizado avaliou os índices periodontais de dois tipos de contenções 3x3 (uma contenção aço V-Loop de 0,032” modificada e uma contenção convencional de fio coaxial aço de 0,0215”) após colagem, por seis meses. Além disso, foram registradas a taxa de falha na colagem e um questionário sobre conforto, facilidade de limpeza e preferência geral. Material e Métodos: Foram incluídos nesse estudo 15 pacientes que usaram ambas as contenções por seis meses cada, com intervalo de quinze dias entre cada contenção fixa. Foram registrados os seguintes índices periodontais: Índice de Placa (IP), Índice de Cálculo (IC) e Índice Gengival (IG). Os pacientes responderam a um questionário para avaliar o conforto, a facilidade de limpeza e a preferência geral pelo tipo de contenção. A taxa de falha de colagem também foi avaliada. Resultados: A contenção V-Loop apresentou maior IP (p<0,05) em comparação ao fio coaxial convencional. Entretanto, IC e IG não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as contenções testadas. A contenção convencional de fio coaxial 0,0215” foi escolhida como a mais confortável (p<0,05), embora não tenham sido encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas para todas as outras respostas do questionário. Eventos de falha de colagem foram mais observados na contenção V-Loop 3 x 3 (p<0,002) em comparação com a contenção coaxial convencional de 0,0215”. Conclusão: A contenção V-Loop apresentou maior IP (p<0,05), maior taxa de falha de colagem e foi menos confortável em comparação ao fio coaxial convencional 0,0215”.

Abstract Background Diagnosis of SS is a complex task, as no symptom or test is unique to this syndrome. The American-European Consensus Group (AECG 2002) and the American-European classification criteria of 2016 (ACR/EULAR 2016) emerged through a search for consensus. This study aims to assess the prevalence of Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS) in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), according to AECG 2002 and ACR-EULAR 2016 classifications, as well as clinical and histopathological features in this overlap. To date, there is no study that has evaluated SS in SLE, using the two current criteria. Methods This cross-sectional study evaluated 237 SLE patients at the outpatient rheumatology clinic between 2016 and 2018. Patients were submitted to a dryness questionnaire, whole unstimulated salivary flow (WUSF), “Ocular Staining Score” (OSS), Schirmer’s test I (ST-I), and labial salivary gland biopsy (LSGB). Results After verifying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 117 patients were evaluated, with predominance of females (94%) and mixed ethnicity (49.6%). The prevalence of SS was 23% according to AECG 2002 and 35% to ACR- EULAR 2016. Kappa agreement between AECG 2002 and ACR-EULAR 2016 were 0.7 (p < 0.0001). After logistic regression, predictors for SS were: anti/Ro (OR = 17.86, p < 0.05), focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (OR = 3.69, p < 0.05), OSS ≥ 5 (OR = 7.50, p < 0.05), ST I positive (OR = 2.67, p < 0.05), and WUSF ≤ 0.1 mL/min (OR = 4.13, p < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of SS in SLE was 23% (AECG 2002) and 35% (ACR-EULAR 2016). The presence of glandular dysfunction, focal lymphocytic sialadenitis, and anti/Ro were predictors of SS in SLE. The greatest advantage of the new ACR-EULAR 2016 criteria is to enable an early diagnosis and identify the overlapping of these two diseases. ACR- EULAR 2016 criteria is not yet validated for secondary SS and this study is a pioneer in investigating prevalence based on the new criteria.

RESUMO A Ilha de São Luís, Estado do Maranhão, configura-se como uma região ecotonal, um misto de floresta úmida, mata-de-cocais, vegetação de dunas, restingas e manguezais. Diferentemente do interior do Estado do Maranhão, suas zonas costeiras possuem uma lacuna sobre o conhecimento da família Passifloraceae. Aqui, por meio de expedições de campo e consulta a herbários, nós fornecemos o tratamento taxonômico, chave de identificação e comentários sobre as Passifloraceae da Ilha de São Luís. Foram registradas dez espécies: Passiflora auriculata Kunth, P. edulis Sims, P. foetida L., P. glandulosa Cav., P. laurifolia L., P. misera Kunth, P. nitida Kunth, P. picturata Ker Gawl., P. subrotunda Mast. e P. vespertilio L. As espécies P. picturata e P. misera foram registradas pela primeira vez na Ilha de São Luís. Luís Maranhão configurase configura se ecotonal úmida matadecocais, matadecocais mata cocais, cocais mata-de-cocais dunas manguezais Aqui herbários taxonômico Kunth P Sims L Cav Cav. Gawl Gawl. Mast

ABSTRACT The São Luís Island, Maranhão State, is an ecotonal region, a mix of humid forest, cocais forest, dune vegetation, restingas and mangroves. Unlike the interior of the State, their coastal areas have a gap in knowledge of the Passifloraceae. Here, through field expeditions and herbaria visit, we provide a taxonomic treatment, identification key and comments on the Passifloraceae of the São Luís Island. Ten species were recorded: Passiflora auriculata Kunth, P. edulis Sims, P. foetida L., P. glandulosa Cav., P. laurifolia L., P. misera Kunth, P. nitida Kunth, P. picturata Ker Gawl., P. subrotunda Mast., and P. vespertilio L. Passiflora picturata and P. misera were recorded for the first time on São Luís Island. Island State region forest vegetation mangroves Here visit treatment Kunth P Sims L Cav Cav. Gawl Gawl. Mast Mast.

Resumo Objetivos O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar o equilíbrio sagital (SB, na sigla em inglês) espinhal em adultos jovens com nódulos de Schmorl (NS). Métodos Este é um estudo transversal de uma amostra composta por 47 adultos jovens. Ressonância magnética (RM) lombar foi usada para separar os pacientes em um grupo com NS e um grupo controle. Radiografias da coluna vertebral em pé foram usadas para comparar os parâmetros espinopélvicos do SB entre os grupos: eixo vertical sagital, cifose torácica, lordose lombar (LL), incidência pélvica (PI, na sigla em inglês), inclinação pélvica (PT, na sigla em inglês) e inclinação sacral (SS, na sigla em inglês). Resultados Os valores de LL e SS foram significativamente menores nos pacientes com NS em comparação com o grupo controle (54,5° versus 64,3°; 36,2° versus 41,4°, respectivamente). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos demais parâmetros. Os dois grupos apresentaram correlações significativas entre LL e SS, PI e PT e PI e SS. Conclusões Adultos jovens com NS apresentam modificações associadas ao SB, principalmente valores menores de LL e SS, em comparação com o grupo controle. Este perfil mais plano assemelha-se ao observado em pacientes com lombalgia e patologia discal em estágio inicial. Acreditamos que o NS seja um achado clínico relevante que deve levar ao estudo do SB de um paciente por poder revelar variações associadas aos primeiros estágios de degeneração discal. Nível de Evidência III

Abstract Objectives The present study aims to characterize the spinal balance (SB) in young adults with Schmorl nodes (SN). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 47 young adults. Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to divide the patients into an SN group and a control group. Standing full spine radiographs were used to compare the spinopelvic SB parameters between groups: sagittal vertical axis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS). Results The LL and SS values were significantly lower in patients with SN when compared with the control group (54.5° versus 64.3°; 36.2° versus 41.4°, respectively). No significant differences were observed for the other parameters. Significant correlations were found in both groups between LL and SS; PI and PT; and PI and SS. Conclusions Young adults with SN have associated SB modifications, particularly lower LL and SS values, when compared with a control group. This flatter profile resembles that observed in patients with lower back pain and early disc pathology. We believe that SNs are relevant clinical findings that should prompt the study of the SB of a patient, as it may uncover variations associated with early disc degeneration. Level of Evidence III

RESUMO Uma das maiores dificuldades do consórcio de rabanete-alface é obter a dose ideal de adubo verde e a densidade de plantio adequada das culturas. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os beneficios agroeconômicos em consórcios de rabanete-alface sob influência da adubação verde com Merremia aegyptia e Calotropis procera e densidades populacionais de alface em ambiente semiárido, em dois anos de cultivo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 4x4, com 4 repetições. O primeiro fator deste esquema consistiu de quantidades equitativas de biomassa de M. aegyptia e C. procera nas doses de 20, 35, 50 e 65 t/ha em base seca, e o segundo fator de densidades populacionais de alface de 150, 200, 250 e 300 mil plantas/ha. A produção do rabanete e da alface e seus componentes, além dos indicadores agroeconômicos, índice de produtividade do sistema (SPI), coeficiente equivalente de terra (LEC) e razão equivalente monetária (MER) foram avaliados. Os maiores beneficios agroeconômicos do consórcio de rabanete-alface foram obtidos com SPI de 15,37 t/ha, LEC de 1,27 e MER de 1,30, respectivamente na combinação de 65 t/ha de biomassa de M. aegyptia e C. procera com densidade populacional de alface de 300 mil plantas/ha. A produtividade comercial máxima otimizada de raízes de rabanete no consórcio foi de 8,45 t/ha na combinação da quantidade de biomassa de 20 t/ha de M. aegyptia e C. procera e densidade populacional de alface de 300 mil plantas/ha, enquanto a produtividade máxima de folhas de alface otimizada em consórcio foi de 17,72 t/ha, na combinação de quantidade de biomassa dos adubos verdes de 65 t/ha e densidade populacional de 300 mil plantas/ha de alface. A utilização de espécies espontâneas do bioma Caatinga como adubo verde no consórcio de rabanete-alface proporciona benefícios agroeconômicos otimizados em ambiente semiárido.

ABSTRACT One of the biggest difficulties in the intercropping of radish-lettuce is to obtain the ideal dose of green manure and the adequate planting density for the crops. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the agro-economic benefits of radish-lettuce intercropping under the influence of green manuring with Merremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose) and Calotropis procera (roostertree) and lettuce population densities in a semi-arid environment, in two cropping seasons. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with 4 replicates. The first factor in this scheme consisted of equitable biomass amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera at doses of 20, 35, 50 and 65 t/ha on a dry basis, and the second factor of lettuce population densities of 150, 200, 250 and 300 thousand plants/ha. The production of radish and lettuce and its components, in addition to the agroeconomic indicators, system productivity index (SPI), land equivalent coefficient (LEC) and monetary equivalent ratio (MER) were evaluated. The greatest agro-economic benefits of the intercropped radish-lettuce were obtained with SPI of 15.37 t/ha, LEC of 1.27 and MER of 1.30, respectively, in the combination of 65 t/ha of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass with the lettuce population density of 300 thousand plants/ha. The maximum commercial productivity of radish roots in the intercropping system was 8.45 t/ha in the combination of the biomass amount of 20 t/ha of M. aegyptia and C. procera and lettuce population density of 300 thousand plants/ha, while the maximum lettuce leaf productivity optimized in intercropping was 17.72 t/ha, in the combination of green manures biomass amount of 65 t/ha and population density of 300 thousand plants/ha of lettuce. The use of spontaneous species from the Caatinga biome as green manure in the radish-lettuce intercropping provides optimized agro-economic benefits in a semi-arid environment.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate and financially compare the forest management system in alternates bands (MAB) and the selective management system (SS). The study was carried out at the MAGELA Project, located in the municipality of Codó, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The data was collected in six permanent plots of 50 x 200 m, located in the Annual Production Units (APU) nº 01 and 02. In the financial analysis, the net present value was used for infinite horizon (NPV), land expected value (LEV), equivalent annual value (EAV), benefit/cost ratio (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR), average production cost (APC) and an annual discount rate of 9.0%. The MAB system was more financially viable for annual discount rates below 9.9%. However, at annual discount rates equal to or greater than 12%, the SS system was economically viable.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar financieramente el sistema de manejo forestal en bandas alternas (MAB) y el sistema de manejo selectivo (SS). El estudio se realizó en el Proyecto MAGELA, ubicado en el municipio de Codó, estado de Maranhão, Brasil. Recolectamos los datos en seis parcelas permanentes de 50 x 200 m, ubicadas en las Unidades de Producción Anual (APU) nº 01 y 02. En el análisis financiero, usamos el valor presente neto para horizonte infinito (VPN ), valor esperado del terreno ( LEV), valor anual equivalente (EAV), relación beneficio / costo (BCR), tasa interna de retorno (TIR), costo promedio de producción (APC) y una tasa de descuento anual del 9.0%. El sistema MAB era más viable financieramente para tipos de descuento anuales inferiores al 9,9%. Sin embargo, a tasas de descuento anuales iguales o superiores al 12%, el sistema de SS era económicamente viable.

Abstract Sjogren’s Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands and other organs, associated with sicca syndrome but also with systemic involvement with varying degrees of severity. Despite their importance, these systemic manifestations are not routinely evaluated and there is no homogenous approach to their diagnosis or evaluation. To close this gap, a panel of experts from the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the identification of epidemiologic and clinical features of these manifestations and made recommendations based on the findings. Agreement between the experts was achieved using the Delphi method. The first part of this guideline summarizes the most important topics, and 11 recommendations are provided for the articular, pulmonary, and renal care of SS patients.

Resumo A pandemia da COVID-19 impactou consideravelmente a saúde mental dos indivíduos. Este estudo teve por objetivo examinar associações entre transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) de homens, a intolerância à incerteza (II) e apoio social (AS). Trata-se de um estudo transversal online realizado em todos os estados brasileiros, com 1.006 homens adultos recrutados em redes sociais mediante a técnica de bola de neve. Os participantes responderam ao Self-Report Questionnaire-20, à Escala de Intolerância à Incerteza, à Escala de Apoio Social Two-way e a um questionário sociodemográfico. Teste t e análise de regressão foram realizados. Os homens do grupo clínico relataram significativamente níveis maiores de II e níveis inferiores de AS. Além disso, o AS moderou a relação entre II e TMC, sugerindo que AS protege a saúde mental dos homens contra efeitos deletérios da II na pandemia. Esses resultados sugerem que o apoio social parece ser um foco promissor de intervenção psicossocial nesse contexto.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic exerted a tremendous toll on individuals’ mental health. This study aimed to examine the associations between men’s common mental disorders (CMD), intolerance of uncertainty (IU), and social support (SS). A cross-sectional online study was carried out in all Brazilian states. Participants were 1.006 adult men recruited through social media using a snowball technique. Men completed the Self-Report Questionnaire-20, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, the Two-Way Social Support Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. In addition, a t-Test and a regression analysis were performed. Men in the clinical group reported significantly higher levels of IU and lower levels of SS. Furthermore, SS moderated the relationship between IU and CMD, suggesting that SS might help protect men’s mental health against the deleterious effects of IU in a pandemic scenario. These results indicate that different forms of social support seem to be a promising focus of psychosocial intervention in this context.

Resumen La pandemia de COVID-19 afectó considerablemente la salud mental individual. Este estudio examinó las asociaciones entre los trastornos mentales comunes (TMC) de los hombres, la intolerancia a la incertidumbre (II) y el apoyo social (AS). Es un estudio transversal online realizado en los estados brasileños, con 1.006 hombres adultos reclutados en redes sociales mediante la técnica de bola de nieve. Respondieron el Self-Report Questionnaire-20, la Escala de Intolerancia a Incertidumbre, la Escala de Apoyo Social Two-way y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se realizaron el test t y el análisis de regresión. Hombres del grupo clínico informaron significativamente niveles superiores de II e inferiores de AS. Además, AS moderó la relación entre II y TMC, lo que sugiere que AS protege la salud mental de los hombres contra los efectos nocivos de II en la pandemia. Estos resultados sugieren que el apoyo social es un foco prometedor de intervención psicosocial en este contexto.

Abstract Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands and other organs, associated with sicca syndrome but also with systemic involvement with varying degrees of severity. Despite their importance, some systemic manifestations, mainly liver, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic are not routinely evaluated. To address these manifestations, the Sjögren's Syndrome Committee of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology conducted a broad systematic review of the literature on studies investigating prevalence and diagnosis of these symptoms in Sjogren´s patients and made recommendations based on the findings. Agreement between the experts was achieved using the Delphi method. This is the second part of this guideline, providing 6 recommendations for liver, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic care of SS patients.

Abstract During the process of fruit development there is synthesis and catabolism of compounds that culminate with the specific characteristics of each species, such as changes in color, size, acidity, vitamins content and volatile composition. In the present study was evaluated during the development of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (HBK) McVaugh, Myrtaceae) the contents of pH, At, SS (ºBrix), Vitamin C, polyphenols, (L *, a * and b *) coloration and volatile composition using the HSPME-CGMS technique, at different stages of development. During development, an increase in the ºbrix variable was detected (6.92 to 9.02), and a decrease in the levels of vitamin C 1150 mg/100 g and total polyphenols 1280mg / 100g. Regarding the volatile composition, there was a difference of compounds according to the stage of development analyzed. Among the identified components, terpenes were the major class of compounds at all stages of maturation (p<0.05).

RESUMO Um dos maiores desafios no sistema consorciado de duas culturas é obter a dose ótima de adubos verdes e a densidade populacional adequada das culturas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho da beterraba e rúcula em consórcio quando influenciadas pela adubação verde com Merremia aegyptia e Calotropis procera e densidades populacionais de rúcula, em dois anos de cultivo, em ambiente semiárido. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos completos casualizados, com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com 4 repetições. O primeiro fator desse esquema foi constituído de quantidades equitativas de misturas de biomassa de M. aegyptia e C. procera (20, 35, 50 e 65 t ha-1 em base seca) e, o segundo fator, de densidades populacionais de rúcula (40, 60, 80 e 100% da densidade recomendada para o cultivo solteiro, correspondendo a 400, 600, 800 e 1.000 mil plantas de rúcula ha-1). A produção e seus componentes foram avaliados na beterraba e na rúcula. Além dessas características, também foram determinados os seguintes indicadores agroeconômicos para cada tratamento: índice de produtividade do sistema (SPI), coeficiente equivalente de terra (LEC) e razão equivalente monetária (MER). As maiores vantagens agroeconômicas do consórcio de beterraba com rúcula foram alcançadas com um índice de produtividade do sistema (SPI) de 53.47 t ha-1, coeficiente equivalente da terra (LEC) de 0.84 e uma razão equivalente monetária (MER) de 1.56, respectivamente, na combinação de 65 t ha-1 de biomassa de M. aegyptia e C. procera com a densidade populacional de 1 milhão de plantas de rúcula por hectare. A produtividade comercial máxima otimizada de raízes de beterraba no sistema consorciado com rúcula foi de 23,20 t ha-1 na quantidade de 65 t ha-1 de M. aegyptia e C. procera e na densidade populacional de 1 milhão de plantas de rúcula por hectare, enquanto a máxima produtividade de rúcula, em consórcio com beterraba, foi de 9,65 t ha-1, na mesma combinação de quantidade de adubos verdes e densidade populacional de rúcula.

ABSTRACT One of the biggest challenges in the intercropping system of two crops is to obtain the optimal dose of green manure and the adequate population density of the crops. So, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of beet and arugula intercropping, influenced by green manuring with Merremia aegyptia and Calotropis procera and arugula population densities in two cultivation years, in semi-arid environment. The experimental design used was in randomized complete blocks, with the treatments arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with 4 repetitions. The first factor of this scheme consisted of equitable amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 on a dry basis) and the second factor, by arugula population densities (40, 60, 80 and 100% of the recommended density for single cropping, corresponding to 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 thousand arugula plants ha-1). The production and its components were evaluated on beet and arugula. In addition to these characteristics, the following agro-economic indicators were also determined for each treatment: system productivity index (SPI), land equivalent coefficient (LEC) and monetary equivalent ratio (MER). The greatest agro-economic advantages of the beet with arugula intercropping were achieved with a system productivity index (SPI) of 53.47 t ha-1, land equivalent coefficient (LEC) of 0.84 and a monetary equivalent ratio (MER) of 1.56, respectively, combining 65 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass with the arugula population density of 1,000 thousand plants ha-1. The maximum optimized commercial productivity of beetroots in the system intercropped with arugula was 23.20 t ha-1 using 65 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera and in the arugula population density of 1,000 thousand plants ha-1, while the maximum arugula productivity intercropped with beet was 9.65 t ha-1, in the same combination of green manures amount and arugula population density.

Resumo A descontaminação do sistema do canal radicular (CR) é essencial para o sucesso da terapia endodôntica. Neste estudo in vitro, foi avaliado o potencial de desinfecção de um dispositivo de eletrofulguração, o Endox® Endodontic System (EES), em CR infectado com Enterococcus faecalis. Sessenta e cinco pré-molares inferiores humanos foram instrumentados com o sistema MTwo®. As amostras foram distribuídas em seis grupos experimentais (n = 10), de acordo com o protocolo de irrigação: clorexidina gel a 2% (CHX); CHX + EES; Hipoclorito de sódio 5,25% (NaOCl); NaOCl + EES; solução salina (SS); e SS + EES. Cinco amostras não foram tratadas (controle). As amostras de CR foram coletadas antes (C1) e após o tratamento com EES (C2), após preparo químico-mecânico (PQM) (C3) e após o tratamento final com EES (C4). Todas as amostras foram plaqueadas para unidades formadoras de colônias (CFU / mL) em meio sólido. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de Wilcoxon e Friedman para comparações intragrupos e pelo teste de Kruskal Wallis, seguidos pelo teste de Dunn para comparações intergrupos (α = 0,05). O tratamento com o EES não reduziu significativamente o número de CFU / mL em comparação com os níveis basais (C1 vs. C2, p> 0,05). Após PQM (C3), todos os grupos apresentaram uma quantidade significativamente reduzida de CFU / mL (p <0,05), sem diferença entre as amostras tratadas com CHX e NaOCl (p> 0,05). Por fim, o tratamento com o EES após PQM (C4) não reduziu significativamente a quantidade de CFU / mL (C3 vs. C4, p> 0,05). Concluindo, o uso do Endox® Endodontic System não resultou em redução bacteriana considerável em todos os momentos operatórios, enquanto os tratamentos com NaOCl e CHX foram igualmente eficientes para esse fim.

Abstract Decontamination of the root canal (RC) system is essential for successful endodontic therapy. In this in vitro study, it was evaluated the disinfection potential of an electrofulguration device, the Endox® Endodontic System (EES), in RC infected with Enterococcus faecalis. Sixty-five human lower premolars were instrumented with MTwo® system. The specimens were distributed into six experimental groups (n = 10), according to the irrigation protocol: 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX); CHX + EES; 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); NaOCl + EES; saline solution (SS); and SS + EES. Five specimens were untreated (control). RC samples were collected before (C1) and after EES treatment (C2), after chemo-mechanical preparation (CMP) (C3), and after final EES treatment (C4). All samples were plated for colony forming units (CFU/mL) onto solid media. The data were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Friedman tests for intragroup comparisons and by Kruskal Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test for intergroup comparisons (α = 0.05). Treatment with the EES did not significantly reduce the number of CFU/mL as compared to baseline levels (C1 vs. C2, p> 0.05). After CMP (C3), all groups showed a significantly reduced amount of CFU/mL (p <0.05), with no difference between CHX- and NaOCl-treated samples (p >0.05). Lastly, treatment with the EES following CMP (C4) did not significantly reduce the amount of CFU/mL (C3 vs. C4, p> 0.05). To conclude, the use of the Endox® Endodontic System did not result in considerable bacterial reduction at all operative times, while treatment with NaOCl and CHX was equally efficient for this purpose.